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Multidimensional images and aberrations in sTEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： eric R.Hoglund Andrew R.Lupini Center for Nanophase Materials sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(sTEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional sTEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy (sTEM) aberrations

Taxonomy,distribution,and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in China

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman sHARNUUD eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic ***,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly *** on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human *** species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and ***,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,*** findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and shiga toxin‑producing *** challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt eric Cox Laboratory of Immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(***)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema *** used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial *** antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being *** has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic *** strains,both in vitro and in *** We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned ***,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon shiga toxin-producing ***(sTEC)***,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+sTEC *** did not affect theα-andβ-***,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal *** analysing the immune response upon infection,the sTEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF *** Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned ***,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut ***,bLF administration during sTEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： E.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome

Untangling the biotic stress in the late Maastrichtian Deccan-benchmark interval of Bidart(France)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 181-198页

作者： subham Patra Gerta Keller eric Font Thierry Adatte Jahnavi Punekar Indian Institute of Technology Bombay PowaiMumbai 400076India Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA Departamento de Ciencias da Terra Faculdade de Ciencias e TecnologiaUniversidade de Coimbra3000-272 CoimbraPortugal Institute of Earth sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

The late Maastrichtian witnessed substantial surges in Deccan volcanism,prompting the hypothesis that these voluminous pulses may have instigated repeated episodes of ocean acidification during this *** Cretaceous-Palaeogene(K/Pg)boundary at Bidart(France)is preceded by a~0.5 m thick interval with geochemical and taphonomic vestiges of an ocean acidification event linked with Deccan *** planktic foraminifera census and morphometric data now confirm biotic stress conditions related to acidification in the Deccan benchmark *** absolute abundance data of larger(>150μm)heavily calcified planktic morphogroups show fluctuating populations throughout zone CF1(spanning the final~225 ky),lowest peaks within the Deccan benchmark,and a demographic collapse(>90%)at the K/Pg *** analyzed species are generally reduced in size,with thinner test walls in this~0.5 m interval,indicating the likelihood of calcification stress as a contributor to the overall biotic *** the K/Pg boundary,maximum biotic stress is recorded in all the tested faunal proxies.A preliminary graphic correlation of zone CF1 at Bidart with the auxiliary GssP at Elles(Tunisia)constrains the Deccan benchmark interval of high biotic stress to the final~58ky of the late Maastrichtian,culminating in the K/Pg mass *** volcanogenic Hg peaks coincident with faunal and taphonomic evidence of ocean acidification strengthen the Deccan-related ocean acidification hypothesis.

关键词： Deccan volcanism K/Pg mass extinction Biotic stress Calcification stress

Quantifying the Role of the Eddy Transfer Coefficient in simulating the Response of the southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation to Enhanced Westerlies in a Coarse-resolution Model

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1853-1867页

作者： Yiwen LI Hailong LIU Pengfei LIN eric PCHAssIGNET Zipeng YU Fanghua WU school of Ocean sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction studies Florida State UniversityTallahassee 32306FloridaUSA China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China

This study assesses the capability of a coarse-resolution ocean model to replicate the response of the southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation(MOC) to intensified westerlies,focusing on the role of the eddy transfer coefficient(κ).κ is a parameter commonly used to represent the velocities induced by unresolved *** findings reveal that a stratification-dependent κ,incorporating spatiotemporal variability,leads to the most robust eddy-induced MOC response,capturing 82% of the reference eddy-resolving *** the eddy-induced velocity into its vertical variation(VV) and spatial structure(ss) components unveils that the enhanced eddy compensation response primarily stems from an augmented ss term,while the introduced VV term weakens the ***,the temporal variability of the stratification-dependent κ emerges as a key factor in enhancing the eddy compensation response to intensified *** experiment with stratification-dependent κ exhibits a more potent eddy compensation response compared to the constant κ,attributed to the structure of κ and the vertical variation of the density *** results underscore the critical role of accurately representing κ in capturing the response of the southern Ocean MOC and emphasize the significance of the isopycnal slope in modulating the eddy compensation mechanism.

关键词： eddy transfer coefficient mesoscale eddy parameterization enhanced westerlies southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation ocean model

Prognosis value of heat-shock proteins in esophageal and esophagogastric cancer:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1578-1595页

作者： eric Toshiyuki Nakamura Amanda Park Marina Alessandra Pereira Daniel Kikawa Francisco Tustumi Department of Gastroenterology Instituto do CâncerHospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246000Brazil Department of scientific Initiation Universidade Mogi das CruzesSão Paulo 08780911Brazil Department of Evidence-Based Medicine Centro Universitário LusíadaCentre for Evidence-Based MedicineCentro Universitário Lusíada(UNILUS)SantosBrazil Department of surgery Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão Paulo 05652900Brazil

BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins(HsPs)are molecular chaperones that play an important role in cellular protection against stress events and have been reported to be overex-pressed in many *** prognostic significance of HsPs and their regulatory factors,such as heat shock factor 1(HsF1)and CHIP,are poorly *** To investigate the relationship between HsP expression and prognosis in esophageal and esophagogastric *** A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRIsMA recommend-ations(PROsPERO:CRD42022370653),on Embase,PubMed,Cochrane,and ***,case-control,and cross-sectional studies of patients with eso-phagus or esophagogastric cancer were ***-positive patients were compared with HsP-negative,and the endpoints analyzed were lymph node metastasis,tumor depth,distant metastasis,and overall survival(Os).HsPs were stratified according to the HsP family,and the summary risk difference(RD)was calculated using a random-effect *** The final selection comprised 27 studies,including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(21),esophagogastric adenocarcinoma(5),and mixed neoplasms(1).The pooled sample size was 3465 ***40 and 60 were associated with a higher 3-year Os[HsP40:RD=0.22;95%confidence interval(CI):0.09-0.35;HsP60:RD=0.33;95%CI:0.17-0.50],while HsF1 was associated with a poor 3-year Os(RD=-0.22;95%CI:-0.32 to-0.12).The other HsP families were not associated with long-term ***1 was associated with a higher probability of lymph node metastasis(RD=-0.16;95%CI:-0.29 to-0.04).HsP40 was associated with a lower probability of lymph node dissemination(RD=0.18;95%CI:0.03-0.33).The expression of other HsP families was not significantly related to tumor depth and lymph node or distant *** The expression levels of certain families of HsP,such as HsP40 and 60 and HsF1,are associated with long-term survival and lymph node dissemination in patients with esophageal and esophagogastric cancer.

关键词： Heat-shock proteins Heat-shock response Prognosis Esophageal neoplasms Meta-analysis

Description of a novel robotic early post-prostatectomy anastomotic repair technique and institutional outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 366-372页

作者： David strauss eric Cho Matthew Loecher Matthew Lee Daniel Eun Department of Urology Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Objective:A vesicourethral anastomotic leak(VUAL)is a known complication following robotic-assisted radical *** natural history of a VUAL has been well described and is frequently managed with prolonged *** increasing emphasis on patient reported outcomes,catheter duration and VUAL are associated with significant short-term quality of life *** aimed to present a case series of our robotic early post-prostatectomy anastomotic repair technique,defined as revision within 6 weeks from index ***:A single institution prospective database identified eleven patients with a VUAL from July 2016 to October 2022 who underwent robotic early post-prostatectomy anastomotic repair by a single *** were diagnosed with a VUAL on pre-operative CT urogram or CT/fluoroscopic *** primary outcome was resolution of the anastomotic leak,defined as no contrast extravasation on post-operative *** outcomes included post-repair catheter duration and continence on the last follow-up defined as pad(s)per ***:The mean time to intervention after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy was 21 *** of the eleven(72.7%)patients had no evidence of extravasation on postrepair *** range from intervention to first cystogram was 7e20 *** median catheter duration for those with successful intervention was 10 *** median catheter duration for those with the leak on initial post-operative cystogram was 20 *** a mean follow-up time of 25 months,eight(72.7%)patients reported using no pads per day,and three(27.3%)patients reported one pad per ***:Management of a VUAL has traditionally relied on prolonged catheter drainage and the tincture of *** the role of robotic reconstruction has been shown to be a viable modality for management of bladder neck contracture,it is important to reconsider prior dogmas of urologic *** case series suggests that an early repair is saf

关键词： Minimallyinvasive surgery Vesicourethral anastomotic leak Robotic-assisted laparoscopic reconstruction

Using a New Glacial History Paradigm and Bald Eagle Through Valley Topographic Map Evidence to Determine Central Pennsylvania’s Geomorphic History, UsA

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第9期14卷 880-899页

作者： eric Clausen Jenkintown PA USA

A new glacial history paradigm that describes huge and prolonged southwest-oriented meltwater floods flowing along the rising rim of a deep “hole” (which a large continental icesheet created and occupied) is used to explain previously unexplained or poorly explained central Pennsylvania Bald Eagle through valley region topographic map evidence. Pennsylvania’s Bald Eagle through valley as defined here extends in a northeast direction from near Altoona to near Williamsport along the Allegheny Front escarpment base and forms the boundary between the Appalachian Plateau to the northwest and the Ridge and Valley Province to the southeast. The Lycoming and Towanda Creek valleys follow a probable northeastern Bald Eagle through valley extension and a probable southern extension continues southward along the Allegheny Front base by crossing Juniata River tributary drainage basins to reach the Potomac River drainage basin. Landform features identified on topographic maps, which include through valleys (valleys crossing drainage divides), barbed tributaries, drainage route orientations, drainage route direction changes, water gaps, and gaps located along the Allegheny Front crest, are used to reconstruct how the Pennsylvania susquehanna and Juniata River drainage systems developed. The resulting geomorphic history describes how massive southwest-oriented floods moving across what was probably a low relief and rising surface (now preserved if preserved at all by the region’s highest elevations) flowed to an actively eroding Potomac River drainage system before being captured and sometimes reversed first by Juniata River valley headward erosion, second by West Branch susquehanna River valley headward erosion (to create northeast-oriented Bald Eagle Creek and the northeast-oriented West Branch susquehanna River segment) and third by North Branch susquehanna River valley headward erosion. This interpretation explains most if not all of the previously poorly explained and unexplai

关键词： Allegheny Front Appalachian Plateau Barbed Tributaries Juniata River susquehanna River Ridge and Valley Province

如何负责任地回应他人痛苦?——对中国缓和医疗的再思考

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协和医学杂志 2024年第1期15卷 7-11页

作者： eric L.Krakauer 哈佛大学医学院美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138 波士顿总医院缓和医疗与老年医学部美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛... 详细信息

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛卡尔医学模式的观点与弊端、维持生命技术的应用与善终等方面展开讨论,启发对中国缓和医疗发展的进一步思考与深刻理解。

关键词：笛卡尔医学模式过度医疗缓和医疗善终