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Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in Rwanda: Epidemiological, Clinical and Histopathological Features in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Referral Hospital

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第10期12卷 286-298页

作者： Felicien Shikama Steve P. Bensen Robert Giraneza Prosper Ndayisaba Elisée Hategekimana eric rutaganda Aloys Tuyizere Tindoho Nkakyekorera Benoit Seminega Francois Ngabonziza Placide Kamali Vincent Dusabejambo Dirk J. van Leeuwen Martin Munyaneza Frederick L. Makrauer Audrey H. Calderwood Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Gastroenterology Kigali Rwanda Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC) Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New Hampshire USA Department of Internal Medicine Ruhango District Hospital Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Pathology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) Department of Gastroenterology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Internal Medicine Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Radiology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of General Surgery Kigali Rwanda Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston USA

Background: Scant data on upper gastrointestinal cancers in Rwanda exist to guide potential prevention efforts. We evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological data among patients with gastric and esophageal tumors at a tertiary Referral Hospital in Rwanda. Methodology: We performed a retrospective review of histologically-confirmed esophageal and gastric cancers in adults age ≥ 18 yrs. old presenting to a university teaching hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare) from 2014-2019. Variables included age at diagnosis, sex, clinical presentation, tumor location and histopathological type. Results: There were 149 upper gastrointestinal cancers, of which 137 (92%) were gastric and 12 (8%) were esophageal. Gastric cancer patients had a mean age at presentation of 56.9 ± 12.3 years (range 21 - 87). Presenting symptoms were epigastric pain (78.8%), weight loss (53.3%), post-prandial vomiting (52.6%), early satiety (29.9%), epigastric mass (24.8%), hematemesis (19.7%) and melena (16.8%). The location was antrum 50.3%, corpus 21.8%, fundus 8%, and cardia 8%. Tumor type was adenocarcinoma in 94.1%. Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 108 (78.8%). Esophageal cancer patients had a mean age of 54.4 ± 9.5 years (range 35 - 72). Presenting symptoms were dysphagia (100%) and weight loss (83%). The most common site was lower third esophagus (9/12), and adenocarcinoma cancer subtype accounted for 5/12 (41.6%) cases. Conclusion: Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed upper gastrointestinal cancers and was associated with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. This study lays the foundation for future work to improve cancer outcomes in Rwanda.

关键词： Epidemiology Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer H. pylori Rwanda

Antiretroviral Therpay Induced Liver Toxicity among Immunecompromised HIV Patients at Chu Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第8期9卷 135-140页

作者： Florient Jile Mimiesse Clausina Ahoui-Apendi Ngala Akoa Itoua-Ngaporo Ursula Ingride Koukha Lucie Charlotte Atipo Ibara Ollandzobo Arnaud Mongo-Onkouo Marlyse Ngalessami-Mouakosso Céline Adoua Jean Bruno Mokoko Rody Stéphane Ngami Deby-Gassaye eric rutaganda Blaise Irénée Atipo Ibara Ibara Jean-Rosaire Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Gastroenterolgy service University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Infant pediatric service University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Medical Depertment University Teaching Hospital Kigali Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a public health problem of concern. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with multiple side effects. This study aimed at identifying the different hepatic manifestations of antiretroviral therapy and the responsible molecules. Patients and Methods: This was an eight months period prospective descriptive study, from January 1st to August 31st, 2015, conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine at the Brazzaville University Teaching Hospital. Study participants were treatment-na?ve HIV patients who were initiated on ART treatment during the study period. Patients with liver disease, liver cytolysis prior to initiation of therapy, and those with alternative therapy that may cause hepatotoxicity were excluded. The sample size was 110 patients. Results: The age was ranging from 25 to 70 years with a mean age of 47.5 ± 7.5 years. During the six months of follow-up, the alarming hepatic signs were observed in 26.36% of cases (n = 29) in the 3rd month of treatment. There was no observed alarming sign in the 6th month of follow-up. The cytolytic pattern was observed in 54.55% of cases (n = 60) in the 3rd month. The cholestatic pattern was observed in 6.36% of cases (n = 7) in the 3rd month. Triple therapy combination of Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine (AZT + 3TC + NVP) was the most used in 57.27% (n = 63) with a statistically significant p value to the occurrence of cytolytic pattern (p Conclusion: Drug induced liver toxicity occurs in a significant number of patients starting ART. The prevalence of hepatic events was high at the third month of treatment and the triple therapy of Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine (AZT + 3TC + NVP) was the most incriminated.

关键词： Drug Induced Liver Toxicity HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Brazzaville

High efficiency GHz laser processing with long bursts

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2023年第1期5卷 202-210页

作者： eric Audouard eric Mottay Amplitude PessacFrance

Bursts of GHz repetition rate pulses involve more ablation mechanisms than single femtosecond *** ablation by GHz laser pulses is a multi-step process,consisting of a first thermal incubation phase,followed by a highly efficient ablation *** ablation therefore combines thermal and non-thermal ablation *** an optimal choice of the burst duration,the ablation efficiency can be highly *** bursts,comprising tens of pulses to hundreds of pulses,are needed to take full advantage of the increase in ablation efficiency.

关键词： femtosecond laser temporal pulses shaping GHz bursts femtosecond processing

Artificial urinary sphincter surgery in the special populations:neurological,revision,concurrent penile prosthesis and female stress urinary incontinence groups

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 45-50页

作者： eric Chung AndroUrology Centre BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia University of Queensland Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Macquarie University Hospital SydneyNSW 2109Australia

The artificial urinary sphincter(AUS)remains the standard of care in men with severe stress urinary incontinence(SUI)following prostate surgery and *** the current AUS provides an effective,safe,and durable treatment option,it is not without its limitations and complications,especially with regard to its utility in some“high-risk”*** article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to AUS surgery in specific high-risk groups such as men with spinal cord injury,revision cases,concurrent penile prosthesis implant,and female *** discussion of each category includes a brief review of surgical challenge and a practical action-based set of *** increased understandings of the pathophysiology of various SUI cases coupled with effective therapeutic strategies to enhance AUS surgery continue to improve clinical outcomes of many patients with SUI.

关键词： artificial urinary sphincter female stress incontinence penile prosthesis implant revision surgery spinal cord injury urinary incontinence

Penile prosthesis implant in the special populations:diabetics,neurogenic conditions,fibrotic cases,concurrent urinary continence surgery,and salvage implants

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 39-44页

作者： eric Chung AndroUrology Centre BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia University of Queensland Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Macquarie University Hospital SydneyNSW 2109Australia

Penile prosthesis implant(PPI)remains an effective and safe treatment option for men with erectile dysfunction(ED).However,PPI surgery can be associated with a higher risk of complications in certain *** article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to PPI in men with diabetes,significant corporal fibrosis,spinal cord injury,concurrent continence surgery,and complex salvage *** discussion of each category of special populations includes a brief review of the surgical challenges and a practical action-based set of *** specific patient populations posed considerable challenges in PPI surgery,strict pre-and postoperative management coupled with safe surgical practice is a prerequisite to achieving excellent clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction rate.

关键词： continence surgery diabetes erectile dysfunction penile prosthesis implant Peyronie’s disease priapism salvage surgery spinal cord injury

Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期16卷 375-379页

作者： eric Hu School of Engineering and Technology

Photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO 2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO 2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2 5 to 5 3 mm long and with a diameter of 3 7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO 2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO 2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO 2 powder. At least TiO 2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.

关键词： dyes degradation photocatalytic reactions TiO 2 catalyst

Waveform LiDAR concepts and applications for potential vegetation phenology monitoring and modeling:a comprehensive review

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第2期24卷 179-200,I0001页

作者： eric Ariel L Salas Agricultural Research Development Program(ARDP) Central State UniversityWilberforceUSA

Researchers continually demonstrated through published literature how LiDAR could create unparalleled measurements of ecosystem structure and forest *** are a number of studies conducted utilizing waveform LiDAR products for terrestrial monitoring,but those that deal specifically with the assessment of space-borne waveform LiDAR for monitoring and modeling of phenology is very *** review highlights the waveform LiDAR system and looks into satellite sensors that could link waveform LiDAR and vegetation phenology,such as the proposed NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation(GEDI)and the Japanese Experimental Module(JEM)-borne LiDAR sensor named MOLI(Multi-footprint Observation LIDAR and Imager).Further,this work examines the richness and utility of the waveform returns and proposes a spline-function-derived model that could be exploited for estimating the leaf-shooting *** new approach may be utilized for ecosystem-level phenological studies.

关键词： Ecosystems gedi moli phenology vegetation modeling waveform LiDAR

Energy Dissipation and Transport in Nanoscale Devices

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Nano Research 2010年第3期3卷 147-169页

作者： eric Pop Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Micro and Nanotechnology Lab and Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbana IL 61801USA

Understanding energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale structures is of great importance for the design of energy-efficient circuits and energy-conversion *** is also a rich domain for fundamental discoveries at the intersection of electron,lattice(phonon),and optical(photon)*** review presents recent progress in understanding and manipulation of energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale solid-state ***,the landscape of power usage from nanoscale transistors(~10^(-8) W)to massive data centers(~10^(-9) W)is ***,focus is given to energy dissipation in nanoscale circuits,silicon transistors,carbon nanostructures,and semiconductor *** of steady-state and transient thermal transport are also reviewed in the context of nanoscale devices with sub-nanosecond switching ***,recent directions regarding energy transport are reviewed,including electrical and thermal conductivity of nanostructures,thermal rectification,and the role of ubiquitous material interfaces.

关键词： Nanowire nanotube interface thermal transport rectification thermoelectric power dissipation

Enhancement of energy efficiency for mechanical production of fine and ultra-fine particles in comminution

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China Particuology 2007年第3期5卷 193-201页

作者： Yanmin Wang eric Forssberg College of Material Science & Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Department of Chemical Engineering & Geosciences Lulea University of Technology S-97187 Lulea Sweden

This paper presents the energy requirements for mechanical production of fine and ultra-fine particles in comminution. Recent approaches for effective size reduction and energy saving in comminution are described, viz., （a） development and application of new mills/classifiers, （b） adjustment of the bead characterization in stirred bead mills, （c） hybrid comminution systems with roller-press and media mill, （d） assisted methods, and （e） simulation.2007 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Comminution Mill Classifier Grinding aids Microwave Ultrasound Simulation