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An alternative approach for sustainable sheep meat production:implications for food security

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 791-805页

作者： eric n.ponnampalam Matthew I.Knight Peter J.Moate Joe L.Jacobs Animal Production Sciences Agriculture Victoria ResearchDepartment of JobsPrecincts and RegionsBundooraVIC 3083Australia Animal Production Sciences Agriculture Victoria ResearchDepartment of JobsPrecincts and RegionsHamiltonVIC 3300Australia Animal Production Sciences Agriculture Victoria ResearchDepartment of JobsPrecincts and RegionsEllinbankVictoria 3821Australia Centre for Agricultural Innovation School of Agriculture and FoodFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3010Australia

Background:A pelleted diet containing camelina hay(CAMH)or camelina meal(CAMM)as a supplement along with a control pellet(COnT)diet formulated with commonly available feeds during summer was used to investigate an alternative pathway for sustainable meat *** meat production was based on a simple estimation of income from meat produced versus feed costs if animals were fed for an extended period over summer compared to early slaughter at the beginning of *** maternal composite wether lambs(Composite)based on Coopworth genetics and 80 pure Merino wether yearlings were divided into 10 groups within breed(n=8)using stratified randomisation based on *** 1 week of adaptation to experimental diets,animals were fed experimental diets for up to10 ***:Animals were slaughtered after either 8,9 or 10 weeks of full feeding when the average liveweight of diet/genetic combination reached a weight appropriate for either‘heavy lamb’or‘heavy hogget’production,which occurred between 8 and 10 weeks of full *** was no diet×breed interactions except for dressing percentage(DP),where Composite lambs fed the CAMH diet had the greatest DP(48.1±0.35)and the Merino yearlings fed the CAMM diet the lowest DP(45.8±0.33).Composite lambs gained 17.6–20.3 kg and Merino yearlings gained 10.7–12.9 kg *** on their DP,this resulted in the production of approximately 8.3–9.5 kg additional carcass weight in Composites and 4.9–5.7 kg in Merinos,which in turn produced greater profit per Composite lamb and a small profit per Merino ***:Composite lambs fed CAMM and CAMH had 5%greater carcass weights at slaughter compared to the COnT group,but dietary treatments did not change carcass weight of Merino yearlings at *** extended feeding approach offered the producer an estimated economic gain of AUD$20.00 to$25.00 when yearly average prices were used(Method 1)and AUD$40.00 to$47.70 when pre-and post-summer

关键词： Animal welfare Environmental sustainability Global demand Livestock Sheep meat Summer feeding

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Experimental investigations of internal energy dissipation during fracture of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 190-200页

作者： eric n.LAnDIS Roman KRAVCHUK Dmitry LOSHKOV Department of Civil &Environmental Engineering University of MaineOronoME 04469USA

Split-cylinder fracture of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)was examined using two complementary techniques:X-ray computed tomography (CT)and acoustic emission (AE).Fifty-mm-diameter specimens of two different fiber types were scanned both before and after load *** the CT images,fiber orientation was evaluated to establish optimum and pessimum specimen orientations,at which fibers would have maximum and minimum effect,*** expected,fiber orientation affected both the peak load and the toughness of the specimen,with the optimum toughness being between 20% and 30%higher than the *** AE energy was also affected *** CT scans of the specimens were used to measure internal damage. Damage was quantified in terms of internal energy dissipation due to both matrix cracking and fiber pullout by using calibration measurements for *** results showed that fiber pullout was the dominant energy dissipation mechanism;however,the sum of the internal energy dissipation measured amounted to only 60% of the total energy dissipated by the specimens as measured by the net work of *** is postulated that localized compaction of the UHPC matrix as well as internal friction between fractured fragments makes up the balance of internal energy dissipation.

关键词： ultra-high-performance concrete concrete fracture X-ray computed tomography acoustic emission

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High-Throughput UAV Image-Based Method Is More Precise Than Manual Rating of Herbicide Tolerance

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Plant Phenomics 2019年第1期1卷 133-141页

作者： Hema S.n.Duddu eric n.Johnson Christian *** Steven J.Shirtliffe Department of Plant Sciences College of Agriculture and BioresourcesUniversity of Saskatchewan51 Campus DriveSaskatoonSKCanada

The traditional visual rating system is labor-intensive,time-consuming,and prone to human *** aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery-based vegetation indices(VI)have potential applications in high-throughput plant *** study objective is to determine if UAV imagery provides accurate and consistent estimations of crop injury from herbicide application and its potential as an alternative to visual *** study was conducted at the Kernen Crop Research Farm,University of Saskatchewan in 2016 and ***(Vicia faba L.)crop tolerance to nine herbicide tank mixtures was evaluated with 2 rates distributed in a randomized complete block design(RCBD)with 4 *** trial was imaged using a multispectral camera with a ground sample distance(GSD)of 1.2 cm,one week after the treatment *** ratings of growth reduction and physiological chlorosis were recorded simultaneously with *** optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index(OSAVI)was calculated from the thresholded *** UAV-based vegetation index(OSAVI)produced more precise results compared to visual ratings for both *** coefficient of variation(CV)of OSAVI was~1%when compared to 18-43%for the visual ***,Tukey’s honestly significance difference(HSD)test yielded a more precise mean separation for the UAV-based vegetation index than visual *** significant correlations between OSAVI and the visual ratings from the study suggest that undesirable variability associated with visual assessments can be minimized with the UAVbased ***-based imagery methods had greater precision than the visual-based ratings for crop herbicide *** methods have the potential to replace visual ratings and aid in screening crops for herbicide tolerance.

关键词： Visual precise replace

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Complex peptide natural products: Biosynthetic principles, challenges and opportunities for pathway engineering

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第1期7卷 631-647页

作者： Sebastian L.Wenski Sirinthra Thiengmag eric J.n.Helfrich Institute for Molecular Bio Science Goethe University Frankfurt60438Frankfurt am MainGermany LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics(TBG) 60325Frankfurt am MainGermany

Complex peptide natural products exhibit diverse biological functions and a wide range of physico-chemical *** a result,many peptides have entered the clinics for various *** main routes for the biosynthesis of complex peptides have evolved in nature:ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide(RiPP)biosynthetic pathways and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases(nRPSs).Insights into both bioorthogonal peptide biosynthetic strategies led to the establishment of universal principles for each of the two *** universal rules can be leveraged for the targeted identification of novel peptide biosynthetic blueprints in genome sequences and used for the rational engineering of biosynthetic pathways to produce non-natural *** this review,we contrast the key principles of both biosynthetic routes and compare the different biochemical strategies to install the most frequently encountered peptide *** addition,the influence of the fundamentally different biosynthetic principles on past,current and future engineering ap-proaches is *** the different biosynthetic principles of both peptide biosynthetic routes,the arsenal of characterized peptide modifications encountered in RiPP and nRPS systems is largely *** continuous expansion of the biocatalytic toolbox of peptide modifying enzymes for both routes paves the way towards the production of complex tailor-made peptides and opens up the possibility to produce nRPS-derived peptides using the ribosomal route and vice versa.

关键词： Peptide natural products non-ribosomal peptide synthetases Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides Biosynthesis Modification Engineering

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Assessing Thai Hospitals’Evacuation Preparedness Using the Flexible Surge Capacity Concept and Its Collaborative Tool

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第1期14卷 52-63页

作者： Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen eric Carlström Lina Dahlén Holmqvist Yuwares Sittichanbuncha Amir Khorram-Manesh Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of SurgerySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg40530GothenburgSweden Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg40100GothenburgSweden Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg40530GothenburgSweden USn School of Business University of South-Eastern Norway3603KongsbergNorway Institute of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionSahlgrenska University Hospital40530GothenburgSweden

According to the concept of“flexible surge capacity,”hospitals may need to be evacuated on two occasions:(1)when they are exposed to danger,such as in war;and(2)when they are contaminated,such as during the Covid-19 *** the former,the entire hospital must be evacuated,while in the latter,the hospital becomes a pandemic center necessitating the transfer of its non-contaminated staff,patients,and routine activities to other *** occasions involve several degrees of evacuation—partial or total—yet all require deliberate surge planning and collaboration with diverse *** study aimed to investigate the extent of hospital evacuation preparedness in Thailand,using the main elements of the flexible surge capacity concept.A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted using a hospital evacuation questionnaire from a previously published multinational hospital evacuation *** tool contained questions regarding evacuation preparedness encompassing surge capacity and collaborative elements and an open-ended inquiry to grasp potential *** 143 secondary care,tertiary care,and university hospitals received the questionnaire;43 hospitals provided *** findings indicate glitches in evacuation protocols,particularly triage systems,the inadequacies of surge planning and multiagency collaboration,and knowledge limitations in community *** conclusion,the applications of the essential components of flexible surge capacity allow the assessment of hospital preparedness and facilitate the evaluation of guidelines and instructions through scenario-based training exercises.

关键词： Collaborative tool Disaster preparedness Flexible surge capacity Hospital evacuation Multiagency collaboration Thailand

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Impact of intrarectal chromofungin treatment on dendritic cellsrelated markers in different immune compartments in colonic inflammatory conditions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第47期27卷 8138-8155页

作者： Kunal Kapoor nour Eissa Diane Tshikudi Charles n Bernstein Jean-eric Ghia Department of Immunology University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada Section of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada

BACKGROUnD Chromofungin(CHR:chromogranin-A 47-66)is a chromogranin-A derived peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial *** colitis(UC)is characterized by a colonic decrease of CHR and a dysregulation of dendritic CD11c+*** To investigate the association between CHR treatment and dendritic cells(DCs)-related markers in different immune compartments in *** A model of acute UC-like colitis using dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)was used in addition to biopsies collected from UC *** Intrarectal CHR treatment reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis and was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of CD11c,CD40,CD80,CD86 and interleukin(IL)-12p40 in the inflamed colonic mucosa and CD11c,CD80,CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 within the mesenteric lymph nodes and the ***,CHR treatment decreased CD80 and CD86 expression markers of splenic CD11c+cells and decreased nF-κB expression in the colon and of splenic CD11c+*** vitro,CHR decreased CD40,CD80,CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 expression in naïve bone marrow-derived CD11c+DCs stimulated with *** studies demonstrated an impact of CHR on the nF-κB *** patients with active UC,CHR level was reduced and showed a negative linear relationship with CD11c and *** CHR has protective properties against intestinal inflammation via the regulation of DC-related markers and CD11c+*** could be a potential therapy of UC.

关键词： Chromofungin Chromogranin-A Colitis Cytokines Dendritic cells Gut hormones

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Investigating the impact of preoperative corneal astigmatism orientation on the postoperative spherical equivalent refraction following intraocular lens implantation

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 70-77页

作者： Richard n.Mcneely Salissou Moutari eric Pazo Jonathan E.Moore Cathedral Eye Clinic 89-91 Academy StreetBelfastCounty Antrim BT12 LSNorthern IrelandUK Biomedical Sciences Research Institute University of UlsterColeraineNorthern IrelandUK School of Mathematics and Physics Queens University BelfastBelfastNorthern IrelandUK

Background:To investigate the impact of the orientation of preoperative corneal astigmatism on achieving the postoperative target refraction following monofocal intraocular lens(IOL)***:This study enrolled 339 eyes who had uneventful cataract surgery or refractive lens exchange(RLE)with subsequent monofocal IOL *** were initially categorized dependent upon axial length and then on the orientation of preoperative anterior corneal *** 1 had against-the-rule(ATR)anterior corneal astigmatism,group 2 had with-the-rule(WTR)anterior corneal astigmatism,and group 3 had oblique(OB)anterior corneal *** preoperative corneal astigmatism was determined by the IOLMaster(Carl Zeiss Meditec AG).Postoperative refraction was completed for all eyes,and the results were calculated and compared for the separate ***:In eyes with axial lengths greater than 22.0 mm and less than 25.0 mm there was a significant difference between the magnitude of preoperative corneal astigmatism between groups 2 and 3 with 0.827±0.376 D in group 2,and 0.677±0.387 D in group *** mean postoperative spherical equivalent(SE)prediction error was−0.132±0.475 D in group 1,0.026±0.497 D in group 2,and−0.130±0.477 D in group *** was a significant difference between groups 1 and *** was no significant difference in the magnitude of preoperative corneal astigmatism and postoperative SE prediction error between the anterior corneal astigmatism orientation groups in eyes with axial lengths of less than or equal to 22.0 mm and greater than or equal to 25.0 ***:The orientation of preoperative anterior corneal astigmatism significantly affected the postoperative biometry prediction error in eyes with astigmatism of 1.75 D or less in eyes with the axial length between 22.0 mm and 25.0 ***,the results were not clinically significant.

关键词： Biometry accuracy Prediction error Corneal astigmatism With-the-rule astigmatism Against-the-rule astigmatism Oblique astigmatism

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Energy Dissipation and Transport in nanoscale Devices

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nano Research 2010年第3期3卷 147-169页

作者： eric Pop Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Micro and Nanotechnology Lab and Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbana IL 61801USA

Understanding energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale structures is of great importance for the design of energy-efficient circuits and energy-conversion *** is also a rich domain for fundamental discoveries at the intersection of electron,lattice(phonon),and optical(photon)*** review presents recent progress in understanding and manipulation of energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale solid-state ***,the landscape of power usage from nanoscale transistors(~10^(-8) W)to massive data centers(~10^(-9) W)is ***,focus is given to energy dissipation in nanoscale circuits,silicon transistors,carbon nanostructures,and semiconductor *** of steady-state and transient thermal transport are also reviewed in the context of nanoscale devices with sub-nanosecond switching ***,recent directions regarding energy transport are reviewed,including electrical and thermal conductivity of nanostructures,thermal rectification,and the role of ubiquitous material interfaces.

关键词： nanowire nanotube interface thermal transport rectification thermoelectric power dissipation

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Aged Vacuum Packaged Lamb Cuts Are Less Brown than Fresh Muscle Cuts under Simulated Retail Display

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 147-153页

作者： eric n. ponnampalam Kym L. Butler Viv F. Burnett Matthew B. McDonagh Joe L. Jacobs David L. Hopkins Department of Primary Industries Rutherglen Australia Department of Primary Industries Warrnambool Australia Department of Primary Industries Werribee Australia Department of Primary Industries Werribee Australia nSW Depart- ment of Primary Industries Beef Industry Centre of Excellence University of New England Armidale Australia nSW Department of Primary Industries Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development Cowra Australia.

Fifty four, seven month old lambs, that had grazed perennial or annual pasture, were slaughtered and at 24 h post mortem m. longissimus lumborum samples were collected. Half of the fresh muscle section was sliced into three pieces and overwrapped with 15 micron polyvinyl chloride film and displayed under light (Lux = 1500) at 3℃ - 4℃. The remainder of the muscle section was vacuum packaged and aged for 4 weeks at 3℃, before slicing and display. Surface brownness and redness were measured over 3 days of simulated retail display. Aging in vacuum packs led to substantially less brownness and greater redness compared with fresh meat, over the entire three days of display. It was concluded that aging in vacuum packs could be a useful strategy for improving consumer acceptability of retail lamb in local markets, even where there is no logistical or transport need to extend the life of the meat.

关键词： Meat Colour Vacuum Packaging Brownness Formation Redness Retention Shelf Life Antioxidant Status Lamb

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Would behavioral thermoregulation enable pregnant viviparous tropical lizards to cope with a warmer world?

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第5期12卷 379-395页

作者： Saúl LÓPEZ-ALCAIDE Miguel nAKAMURA eric n.SMITH Enrique MARTÍnEZ-MEYER Departament of Zoology Institute of BiologyNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico Center for Research in Mathematics GuanajuatoMexico Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center and Department of Biology University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA

Sceloporus lizards depend on external heat to achieve their preferred temperature(Tsel)for performing physiological *** both in the field and laboratory indicates that pregnant females of this Genus select body temperatures(Tb)lower than 34℃ as higher temperatures may be lethal to ***,thermoregulation is crucial for successful embryo *** the increase in global air temperature,it is expected that the first compensatory response of species that inhabit tropical climates will be behavioral *** tested whether viviparous Sceloporus formosus group lizards in the wild exhibited differences in thermoregulatory behavior to achieve the known Tsel for developing embryos regardless of local thermal *** quantified field active body temperature,thermoregulatory behavior mechanisms(time of sighting,microhabitat used and basking time)and available microhabitat thermal conditions(*** temperature)for 10 lizard species during gestation,distributed along an altitudinal *** applied both conventional and phylogenic analyses to explore whether Tb or behavioral thermoregulation could be regulated in response to different thermal *** species showed no significant differences in field Tb during gestation regardless of local thermal *** contrast,they exhibited significant differences in their behavioral thermoregulation associated with local environmental *** on these observations,the differences in thermoregulatory behavior identified are interpreted as compensatory adjustments to local thermal *** conclude that these species may deal with higher temperatures predicted for the tropics by modulating their thermoregulatory behavior.

关键词： altitudinal gradient behavior global warming Sceloporus formosus thermal stress

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