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Resilient and Inclusive Prosperity within Planetary Boundaries

China & World Economy 2014年第5期22卷 76-92页

作者： Cameron Hepburn eric beinhocker J.Doyne Farmer Alexander Teytelboym Institute for New Economic Thinking at Oxford Martin School the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of Oxford the Grantham Research Institute at the London School of Economics and Political Science Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School Blavatnik School of Government University of Oxford Mathematical Institute University of Oxford University of Oxford Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The current model of economic growth generated unprecedented increases in human wealth and prosperity during the 19th and 2Oth centuries. The main mechanisms have been the rapid pace of technological and social innovation, human capital accumulation, and the conversion of resources and natural capital into more valuable forms of produced capital. However, there is evidence emerging that this model may be approaching environmental limits and planetary boundaries, and that the conversion of natural capital needs to slow down rapidly and then be reversed Some commentators have asserted that in order for this to occur, we will need to stop growing altogether and, instead, seek prosperity without growth. Others argue that environmental concerns are low-priority luxuries to be contemplated once global growth has properly returned to levels observed prior to the 2008 financial crisis. A third group argues that there is no trade-off and, instead,, promotes green growth： the （politically appealing） idea is that we can simultaneously grow and address our environmental problems. This paper provides a critical perspective on this debate and suggests that asubstantial researc＇h agenda is required to come to grips with these challenges. One place to start is with the relevant metrics： measures of per-capitawealth, and, eventually, quantitative measures of prosperity, alongside a dashboard of other sustainability indicators. A public andpoliticalfocus on wealth （a stock）, and its annual changes, could realistically complement the current focus on market-based gross output as measured by GDP （a flow）. This could have important policy implications, but deeper changes to governance and business models will be required.

关键词： green growth limits to growth planetary boundaries resilience sustainable prosperity

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做个善于适应的公司

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商学院 2007年第7期 75-78页

作者： eric beinhocker 麦肯锡

有证据表明，大多数企业的执行能力都比他们的适应能力强得多。如何才能兼顾两者？

关键词：商学院公司适应能力执行能力企业才能

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Sensing nanoscale electromagnetic forces when the heat is on

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 64-65页

作者： eric O.Potma Department of Chemistry University of California

In scanning probe microscopy(SPM),a sharp tip scans across a sample to produce an image with nanometer-scale resolution or better. SPM contrast is derived from the physical interplay between the tip and the sample. A special class of SPM techniques measures forces when the tip–sample junction is illuminated by an external light source. Photo-induced forces can be sensitive to the optical properties of the sample, thus enabling nanoscale imaging with spectroscopic,material-specific contrast.

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Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： eric R.Hoglund Andrew R.Lupini Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) aberrations

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Taxonomy,distribution,and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in China

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman SHARNUUD eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic ***,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly *** on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human *** species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and ***,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,*** findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

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Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： Arlette Fauteux Antonio Onofre Soares eric Lucas Laboratoire de lutte biologique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Science and Technology Center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unlike European species,the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly ***,the American hoverfly,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent,notably against the foxglove aphid,Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach,on *** present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid,Aphis gossypi Glover,in a greenhouse cucumber *** preimaginal development and voracity of *** were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest(***)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi L.)by daily observations of larvae from egg to *** development time,survival rate,and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey *** weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for larvae that fed on the banker *** ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species,except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal *** suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing *** for melon aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfly banker plant system biological control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber melon aphid

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Opto-fluidically multiplexed assembly and micro-robotics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 544-554页

作者： Elena Erben Weida Liao Antonio Minopoli Nicola Maghelli eric Lauga Moritz Kreysing Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden 01307Germany Center for Systems Biology Dresden 01307Germany Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Biological Information Processing.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of CambridgeCambridge CB30WAUK

Techniques for high-definition micromanipulations,such as optical tweezers,hold substantial interest across a wide range of ***,their applicability remains constrained by material properties and laser *** while microfluidic manipulations have been suggested as an alternative,their inherent capabilities are limited and further hindered by practical challenges of implementation and *** we show that the iterative application of laser-induced,localized flow fields can be used for the relative positioning of multiple micro-particles,irrespectively of their material *** to the standing theoretical proposal,our method keeps particles mobile,and we show that their precision manipulation is non-linearly accelerated via the multiplexing of temperature stimuli below the heat diffusion *** resulting flow fields are topologically rich and mathematically *** represent unprecedented microfluidic control capabilities that are illustrated by the actuation of humanoid micro-robots with up to 30 degrees of freedom,whose motions are sufficiently well-defined to reliably communicate personal characteristics such as gender,happiness and *** results constitute high-definition micro-fluidic manipulations with transformative potential for assembly,micro-manufacturing,the life sciences,robotics and optohydraulically actuated micro-factories.

关键词： manipulation fluid assembly

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Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin‑producing *** challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt eric Cox Laboratory of Immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(***)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema *** used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial *** antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being *** has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic *** strains,both in vitro and in *** We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned ***,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing ***(STEC)***,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+STEC *** did not affect theα-andβ-***,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal *** analysing the immune response upon infection,the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF *** Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned ***,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut ***,bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： E.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome

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Untangling the biotic stress in the late Maastrichtian Deccan-benchmark interval of Bidart(France)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 181-198页

作者： Subham Patra Gerta Keller eric Font Thierry Adatte Jahnavi Punekar Indian Institute of Technology Bombay PowaiMumbai 400076India Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA Departamento de Ciencias da Terra Faculdade de Ciencias e TecnologiaUniversidade de Coimbra3000-272 CoimbraPortugal Institute of Earth Sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

The late Maastrichtian witnessed substantial surges in Deccan volcanism,prompting the hypothesis that these voluminous pulses may have instigated repeated episodes of ocean acidification during this *** Cretaceous-Palaeogene(K/Pg)boundary at Bidart(France)is preceded by a~0.5 m thick interval with geochemical and taphonomic vestiges of an ocean acidification event linked with Deccan *** planktic foraminifera census and morphometric data now confirm biotic stress conditions related to acidification in the Deccan benchmark *** absolute abundance data of larger(>150μm)heavily calcified planktic morphogroups show fluctuating populations throughout zone CF1(spanning the final~225 ky),lowest peaks within the Deccan benchmark,and a demographic collapse(>90%)at the K/Pg *** analyzed species are generally reduced in size,with thinner test walls in this~0.5 m interval,indicating the likelihood of calcification stress as a contributor to the overall biotic *** the K/Pg boundary,maximum biotic stress is recorded in all the tested faunal proxies.A preliminary graphic correlation of zone CF1 at Bidart with the auxiliary GSSP at Elles(Tunisia)constrains the Deccan benchmark interval of high biotic stress to the final~58ky of the late Maastrichtian,culminating in the K/Pg mass *** volcanogenic Hg peaks coincident with faunal and taphonomic evidence of ocean acidification strengthen the Deccan-related ocean acidification hypothesis.

关键词： Deccan volcanism K/Pg mass extinction Biotic stress Calcification stress

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Endohepatology:Arrival at the frontier of interventional endosonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2397-2401页

作者： Shane P Selvanderan eric Lam Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 1Y6BCCanada

Endohepatology describes the emerging field where diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are used for the diagnosis and management of liver disease and its *** this editorial we comment on the article by Gadour et *** spectrum of EUS-guided procedures includes liver parenchymal and lesional biopsy,abscess drainage,treatment of focal liver lesions,diagnosis of portal hypertension and management of gastric *** data suggest that the application of EUS to hepatology is technically feasible and safe,heralding the arrival at a new frontier for *** data,specifically randomised trials comparing EUS to interventional radiology techniques,and continued partnership between endoscopy and hepatology are required to see this field establish itself outside expert tertiary centres.

关键词： Cancer Cirrhosis Endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasound Liver disease

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