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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 524-532页

作者： Tomer Urcai eran levin eran Gefen Gal Ribak Faculty of Life Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel AvivIsrael Department of Biology University of Haifa-OranimKiryat TivonIsrael

The scaling of the energetic cost of locomotion with body mass is well documented at the interspecific ***,methodological restrictions limit our understanding of the scaling of flight metabolic rate(MR)in free-flying *** is particularly true at the intraspecific level,where variation in body mass and flight energetics may have direct consequences for the fitness of an *** applied a 13C stable isotope method to investigate the scaling of MR with body mass during free-flight in the beetle Batocera *** species exhibits large intraspecific variation in adult body mass as a consequence of the environmental conditions during larval *** show that the flight-MR scales with body mass to the power of 0.57,with smaller conspecifics possessing up to 2.3 fold higher mass-specific flight MR than larger *** the scaling exponent of free-flight MR was found to be like that determined for tethered-flight,the energy expenditure during free-flight was more than 2.7 fold higher than for *** metabolic cost of flight should therefore be studied under free-flight conditions,a requirement now enabled by the 13C technique described herein for insect flight.

关键词： allometry body mass Coleoptera free-flight insect flight stable carbon isotope tethered-flight

Metabolic cost of flight and aerobic efficiency in the rose chafer,Protaetia cuprea(Cetoniinae)

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1361-1372页

作者： Tomer Urca eran levin Gal Ribak School of Zoology Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel AvivIsrael

Rose chafer beetles(Protetia cuprea)are pollinators as well as agricultural pests,flying between flowers and trees while foraging for pollen and *** the energy they expend on flying during foraging activity faces the challenge of measuring the metabolic rate(MR)of free-flying insects in an open *** overcame this challenge by using the bolus injection of ^(13)C Na-bicarbonate technique to measure their metabolic energy expenditure while flying in a large flight ***,we tracked the insects with high-speed cameras to extract their flight trajectory,from which we calculated the mechanical power invested in flying for each flight *** found that the chemical(metabolic)energy input converted to mechanical flight energy output at a mean efficiency of 10.4%±5.2%,with a trend of increased efficiency in larger conspecifics(efficiency scaled with body mass to the power of 1.4).The transition in the summer from a diet of pollen to that of fruits may affect the energy budget available for *** ***,feeding on apples ad libitum,increased their body mass by an average of 6%in 2 *** to our calculations,such a meal can power a 630-m flight(assuming a carbohydrate assimilation efficiency of 90%).Pollen,with a low water and carbohydrate content but rich in proteins and lipids,has a higher caloric content and should assimilate differently when converting food to flight *** high cost of aerial locomotion is inherent to the foraging behavior of rose chafers,explaining their short flight bouts followed by prolonged feeding activity.

关键词： aerobic eficieney bolus injection of^(13)C-Na-bicarbonate feeding capacity flight metabolic rate flower chafer bele free flight mechanical power

The energetics of cellular life transitions

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 12-20页

作者： Anna S.Monzel Michael levin Martin Picard Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States New York State Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032United States Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNY 10032United States

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs *** findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OxPhos)defects increase the energetic cost of living and that excessive integrated stress response(ISR)signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during *** this perspective,we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift *** energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified,representing a gap in *** propose that the ISR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to(i)prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions and(ii)allow ISR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via GDF15 and the brain.

关键词： energy mitochondria signaling pathway growth differentiation factor 15 energy balance development

Maternal supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects placental lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocannabinoid system, and the neonate cytokine concentrations in dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2012-2030页

作者： Priscila dos Santos Silva Gitit Kra Yana Butenko Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam Yishai levin Maya Zachut Department of Ruminant Science Institute of Animal SciencesARO Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael Department of Animal Science The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael Department of Animal Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael

Background The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal *** compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3(n-3)fatty acid(FA)sources,flaxseed oil(FLX)and fish oil(FO),on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism,inflammation,oxidative stress,and the endocannabinoid system(ECS)in the expelled placenta,as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of ***-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were supplemented with saturated fat(CTL),FLX,or *** cotyledons(n=5)were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted RNA and proteins were analyzed by RTPCR and proteomic *** blood was assessed for FA composition and concentrations of inflammatory *** FO increased the gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4),interleukin 10(IL-10),catalase(CAT),cannabinoid receptor 1(CNR1),and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)compared with CTL *** expression of ECS-enzyme FA-amide hydrolase(FAAH)was lower in FLX and FO than in *** analysis identified 3,974 proteins;of these,51–59 were differentially abundant between treatments(P≤0.05,|fold change|≥1.5).Top canonical pathways enriched in FLX *** and in FO *** were triglyceride metabolism and inflammatory *** n-3 FA increased the placental abundance of FA binding proteins(FABPs)3 and *** abundance of CNR1 cannabinoid-receptor-interacting-protein-1(CNRIP1)was reduced in FO *** silico modeling affirmed that bovine FABPs bind to *** FLX increased the abundance of inflammatory CD44-antigen and secreted-phosphoprotein-1,whereas prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 was decreased in FO *** *** FO enriched neonatal plasma with n-3 FAs,and both FLX and FO reduced interleukin-6 concentrations compared with *** Maternal n-3 FA from FLX and FO differentially affected the bovine placenta;both enhanced lipid metabolism and modulated oxidative s

关键词： Antioxidants Dairy cows Endocannabinoid system Inflammation Omega-3 fatty acids Placenta

Temporal, Spatial, and Hypsometrical Dispersion of Nutrients in the Hula Valley, Israel

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第8期14卷 604-628页

作者： Moshe Gophen Valerie Orlov-levin Migal Galilee Scientific Research Institute Kiryat Shmone Israel

Until 1957 most of the Hula Valley was occupied by swampy wetland covered by dense vegetation and old Lake Hula. Organic matter was accumulated in the bottom, decomposed under anoxic conditions creating Peat material. The wetland and the old lake were drained and the land-use was converted into agricultural development. Nutrients migrations from the Hula Valley through the headwater discharges carrying nutrients, where nitrogen enhancement is critical, significantly affecting water quality in down-stream Lake Kinneret. The fate of the Hula originated nutrients is partly known whilst fate of the others which might be probably a threat on the Kinneret water quality is unknown. The hypsometrical and spatial distribution of the Hula Valley originated nutrients within three depths level was indicated: shallowest level of surface water, intermediate level of underground water table and the deepest level of Lignite waters. The Hypsometrical and spatial distribution and regional origin of the nutrient in the Hula Valley was defined. Organic Nitrogen, Sulfate and Nitrates are mostly Hula Valley originated nutrients whilst most of the Phosphorus externally contributed to Lake Kinneret originate outside the Hula Valley. An underground north-south Hydrological gradient and nutrient migration along was indicated. It is suggested that an underground plastic barrier do not totally prevent horizontal nutrient migration. Hypsometrical downward migrated nutrients probably accumulate within the “Lignite” depth level. Management policy of increasing Peat Soil moisture, is recommended.

关键词： Hula Valley Kinneret Nutrients Runoff Underground Lignite

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巴菲特提醒投资者勿忘芒格的至诚忠告

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第3期 22-24页

作者： Jonathan levin 逸思(译) 不详

在追忆已故合作伙伴芒格的一段话中,有着“奥马哈先知”之称的巴菲特总结了在变化的市场中的一则重要教训——时代变化,沃伦·巴菲特的理念从来都不是一成不变的教条。去年11月,这位“奥马哈先知”在他的伟大合伙人查理·芒格去世后的... 详细信息

在追忆已故合作伙伴芒格的一段话中,有着“奥马哈先知”之称的巴菲特总结了在变化的市场中的一则重要教训——时代变化,沃伦·巴菲特的理念从来都不是一成不变的教条。去年11月,这位“奥马哈先知”在他的伟大合伙人查理·芒格去世后的第一封致股东信中提醒投资者,顺势而为是多么重要:1965年,查理及时向我建议称:“沃伦,别再想着买进一只像伯克希尔这样的公司股票了。不过,既然你已经掌控了伯克希尔,那就在其中加人以公道价格购买的优秀企业,放弃以优惠价格购买好企业的想法。换句话说,要放弃从你的崇拜对象本·格雷厄姆(Ben Graham)那里学到的一切。”这招很管用,但只能小规模实施。我做了很多退让,随后遵从了他的指示。

关键词：优惠价格巴菲特格雷厄姆伯克希尔奥马哈顺势而为查理合作伙伴

Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease-stepping into uncharted territory

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第33期14卷 5149-5153页

作者： Avi levin Oren Shibolet Liver and Gastroenterology Units Division of Medicine Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem 91120 Israel

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory processes of the intestinal tract. The etiology of these diseases is currently unknown. However, inflammation is hypothesized to result from inappropriate activation of mucosal immunity by luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that act as microbial pattern recognition receptors. They are crucial initiators of innate immune responses. The role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we aim to analyze the available data connecting individual TLRs to intestinal inflammation and IBD.

关键词： Toll-like receptors Inflammatory bowel disease Intestinal inflammation

Explosion of autoimmune diseases and the mosaic of old and novel factors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 189-192页

作者： Nancy Agmon-levin Zhexiong Lian Yehuda Shoenfeld The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases and Department of Medicine B Sheba Medical CenterTel-HashomerIsrael Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases Tel-Aviv University

In recent decades,an enormous effort has been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of autoimmune and autoinflammatory *** is a multifactorial process in which genetic,immunological,environmental and hormonal factors play in concert,together representing what was termed years ago the‘mosaic of autoimmunity’.To date,more than 80 systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases have been defined,and their cumulative burden is substantial,both medically and ***,the burden of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases is rising,making these diseases a ubiquitous global phenomenon that is predicted to further increase in the coming *** this issue of the journal,additional aspects of autoimmunity are *** dysregulation and loss of self-tolerance are the cornerstones of autoimmunity.

关键词： ASIA autoimmunity vaccines silicone Golf war syndrome

Thymoma and autoimmunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 199-202页

作者： Shahar Shelly Nancy Agmon-levin Arie Altman Yehuda Shoenfeld The Zabludovicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases Sheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomeraffiliated with Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityIsrael Department of Medicine‘B’ Sheba Medical CenterTel-HashomerIsrael Sackler Faculty of Medicine Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Zabludowitz Center for Autoimmune DiseasesTel-Aviv UniversityTel-AvivIsrael

The thymus is a central lymphatic organ that is responsible for many immunological functions,including the production of mature,functional T cells and the induction of *** or malignant tumors may originate from the thymus gland,with thymoma being the most common and accounting for 50% of anterior mediastinal *** linked to thymoma include the loss of self-tolerance and the presence of *** this review,we compiled the current scientific evidence detailing the various interactions between thymoma and autoimmune diseases,including myasthenia gravis,systemic lupus erythematosus,inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,pure red cell aplasia,pernicious anemia,pemphigus and autoimmune thyroid *** recent years,several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these *** are based on the assumption that the‘sick’thymus,like the‘normal’thymus,can generate mature T cells;however,the T cells generated by the sick thymus are impaired and thus may exert cellular ***,we present several theories that may shed light on the loss of self-tolerance associated with this epithelial tumor of the thymus.

关键词： autoimmune diseases autoimmunity self-tolerance thymoma thymus

Prediction of the flooding area of the northeastern Caspian Sea from satellite images

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 191-200页

作者： Anzhelika T.Kamza Irina A.Kuznetsova Eugene L.levin Satbayev University Almaty 050013Kazakhstan Limited partnership"International Educational Corporation" Almaty 050043Kazakhstan School of Applied Computational Sciences Meharry Medical CollegeTennessee 37208USA

Studying the dynamic changes in the coastline of the northeastern Caspian Sea is significant since the level of the Caspian is unstable,and the coastline change can cause enormous damage to the ecology,economy,and population of the coastal part of *** this work,we use remote sensing and Geographic Information System(GIS)technologies to study the changes in the coastline of the northeastern Caspian Sea and predict the extent of flooding with increasing water *** proposed methodology for creating dynamic maps can be used to monitor the coastline and forecast the extent of flooding in the *** a result of this work,the main factors affecting changes in the coastline were *** analyzing the water level data from 1988 to 2019,it was revealed that the rise in water level was observed from 1980 to *** maximum sea level rise was recorded at-26.04 *** that,the sea level began to fall,and between 1996 and 2009,there were no significant changes;the water level fluctuated with an average of-27.18 ***,a map of the water level dynamics in the Caspian Sea from 1988 to 2019 was *** to the dynamics map,water level rise and significant coastal retreat were revealed,especially in the northern part of the Caspian Sea and the northern and southern parts of Sora *** method for predicting the estimated flooding area was *** a result,based on a single map,the flooding area of the northeast coast was predicted.A comparative analysis of Landsat and SRTM data is presented.

关键词： Caspian Sea Seabed Earth remote sensing GIS Landsat Prediction of the flooding area Ecology of coastline SRTM