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Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome in a Cameroonian Cohorte: The Beast to Slaughter

Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 386-396页

作者： Maimouna Mahamat Kalla Claude Diya Rahinatou epee ngoue jeannette Gamarko Sossal Ousmane Kaze Folefack François Koki Ndombo Paul Olivier Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Haemodialysis Unit Yaound General Hospital Yaound Cameroon Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Hemodialysis Department University Teaching Hospital Yaound Cameroon Mother and Child Center of Chantal Biyas Foundation Yaound Cameroon

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a frequent pathology in children. There is little data on the future of NS in children in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Cameroon. The aim of our study is to report the prognosis of children treated for nephrotic syndrome in the city of Yaoundé. Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective collection in 4 reference hospitals in the Cameroonian capital over a period of five years from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022. We included all medical records of patients treated for idiopathic INS. We excluded incomplete records and those with a history of chronic kidney disease. The sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic data, as well as the short-term evolution were collected in the files. Data was analysed using the software statistical package for social sciences version 25.0. Statistical significance was set at a p-value Results: A total of 131 children (58% boys) were included in our study over a period of 5 years. The median age was 8 [6 - 11] years. Median proteinuria was 5 g/24h [3 - 8.4], median serum protein was 39 [34 - 46] g/l and median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 130.36 [68 - 174.6] ml/min/1.73m2. During steroid therapy, 45.07% were in partial remission at 2 months, 16.9% were in complete remission at 4 and 6 months, and 37.25% had relapsed. Steroid sensitivity was reported in 28.17% of cases, steroid resistance in 64.78% of cases and steroid dependent in 7.04% of cases. The mortality rate was 12.97%. Survival time averaged 48.2 months, with an overall crude survival rate of 99.2% at 3 and 6 months and 98.4% at 1 year. Regarding renal survival, renal function was impaired in 8.33% of patients at 6 months and 9% at 12 months. Conclusion: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a common disease in children. Its evolution depends on corticosteroid therapy. The long-term prognosis is dominated by the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease or even dea

关键词： Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Outcome Mortality End-Stage Kidney Disease Children Cameroon

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Knowledge Regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV among a Group of Adults in a Low Income Country

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 955-965页

作者： epee ngoue jeannette Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick Kamo Selangai Helene Mboua Batoum Véronique Tony Nengom Jocelyn Kago Tague Daniel Armand Brice Touka Kouam Euranie Essomba Aurore Albane Nguefack Felicitée Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences of Garoua University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Interstate Public Health Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Despite communication on Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), close to 5.9 million people didn’t know they were living with HIV. One of the modes of transmission of HIV is vertical transmission. It remains the principal way of transmission of HIV for children below 15 years, with over 90% of them being infected. In Cameroon, the mother and child transmission of HIV is still a problem with 5.5% of infection of exposed infant at the early infant diagnosis in 2019. Awareness on prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is an important component for the fight against HIV. We therefore aimed at gauging the level of knowledge of a group of adult clients on HIV and PMTCT. Methodology: We conducted a cross sectional and analytical study at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric hospital for a period of one month. Were included, adults who visited the hospital for a free screening campaign on HIV. Data were collected using a questionnaire on their characteristics and knowledge of HIV and PMTCT. Data were entered using CSPro and analysed using IBM SPSS. Results: There was a gap in knowledge on HIV, considering satisfactory knowledge from 25 points and above, it was noted that 34.6% of our respondents had a non-satisfactory knowledge. For PMTCT, knowledge was average with the majority scoring 10 points on 18. Considering satisfactory knowledge on PMTCT was from 10 and above, 35.9% of our respondents had a non-satisfactory knowledge. Female sex was associated with satisfactory knowledge for both HIV and PMTCT. Conclusion: Concerning PMTCT, the knowledge of the mode of transmission, Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for prevention to the babies or feedings recommendations on exposed HIV infants were poor. There is a gap in favor of women regarding knowledge between HIV and PMTCT. Therefore, men are highly encouraged to take part to health promotion activities on HIV and PMTCT.

关键词： HIV PMTCT Infant Knowledge

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Epidemiological, Clinical Aspects and Outcome of Measles in a Low-Income Country in 2023

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 139-148页

作者： Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick Enyama Dominique Noukeu Diomède Atyam Ekotto Marie Christine Abouame Palma Haoua epee ngoue jeannette Kago Tague Daniel Armand Touka Eric Brice Tasse Simo Nathalie Ines Nguéfack Félicité Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Regional Annex Hospital of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon West Regional Delegation of Public Health Bafoussam Cameroon

Introduction: Measles remains a worrying health problem in sub-Saharan African countries. There have been measles outbreaks in Cameroon with the most recent occurring between October 2022 and September 2023. The Centre region of Cameroon was the most affected in the country and being at the frontline of the fight against this illness, we conducted this study in order to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the outcome of children who contracted the measles and were hospitalized at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and prospective study for one year from October 2022 to November 2023 corresponding to the duration of the outbreak. We included all children admitted in the pediatric unit for measles and its complications during this period. Results: In total, 60 children were enrolled. Their caregivers were mostly their mothers who had a mean age of 34.71 ± 9.55 years living in significant precarious conditions for the majority. The median age of children was 16 months (09 - 30 months). Twenty six percent of children (16) were less than 9 months. Girls were predominant (55%). Most children were not up to date with their routine EPI vaccination (80%) and most did not receive the measles and Rubella vaccine (76.67%). Clinical manifestations, included fever, conjunctivitis, and cough. Skin rash and catarrh (98.33% and 86.67% respectively) are the case definition signs of measles. The outcome was unfavorable for 4 children. One had a neurological disorder: coma and three presented with pneumonia and severe respiratory distress (6.67%). Conclusion: Measles is still being a reality and claiming lives in our context, emphasis should be made on immunization coverage and if possible, advocacies should be formulated to decrease the age of measles vaccine administration.

关键词： Measles Complications Low-Income Countries

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Respiratory Distress in Full and Post Term Neonates: Prevalence, Etiologies and Outcomes in a Tertiary Health Center in Yaoundé

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期11卷 351-359页

作者： Didi Stanine Mefo Kue jeannette epee ngoue Annie Carole Nga Motaze Aude Sabine Nanfack Anne Esther Njom-Nlend Higher Institute of Medical Technology Nkolondom Department of Clinical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaoundé Cameroon Cameroon Society of Perinatal Medicine Yaoundé Cameroon Essos Hospital Centre National Social Insurance Fund Yaoundé Cameroon Ministry of Economy and Development Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Respiratory pathologies are top listed amongst neonatal morbidities. Our objective was to describe the clinical features, causes and treatment of respiratory distress (RD) in full and post term neonates in a tertiary health center in Yaoundé, the Essos Hospital Centre (EHC). Patients and Method: This was a retrospective study. Full/post term neonates with RD from January 2017-December 2018 were included. Main parameters: incidence of RD, etiologies, risk factors for severity and mortality. Results: We included 186 neonates among 2312 newborn babies. The RD prevalence rate was 8%. Sex ratio of 2.15 was favoring male, median gestational age of 38 weeks. Clinical signs of RD were dominated by a Silverman score above 4/10 in 64%. Main etiologies were pneumonia (44%), followed by transient tachypnea (35.4). Perinatal asphyxia (OR = 9.412, P

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Associated Factors to Immunization Timeliness and Completion in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants at Essos Hospital Center Yaounde

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第1期11卷 9-18页

作者： Marie Kouya Annie Carole Nga Motaze jeannette Epée ngoue Arsène Brunelle Sandie Paul Olivier Koki Ndombo Anne Esther Njom Nlend Higher Institute of Medical Technology Nkolondom University of Douala Douala Cameroon Essos Hospital Centre Unit of Neonatology Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Pan African University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Vaccination is very often delayed in premature and low birth weight infants. However, timely vaccination is even more important in this population because of their increased susceptibility to infection. Objective: To assess immunization practice and factors associated with vaccine promptness and completeness in former preterm and low-birth-weight infants. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study (January 2017 to February 2019). Main Measurement: Promptness and completeness at each contact, Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.2, logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: We recruited 310 children aged 12 to 36 months born before 37 weeks with low birth weight, 163 (52.6%) of whom were female. Two hundred and fifty-three had received the vaccines at the indicated age, with promptness rate of 81.6%, and 97.7% had completed routine immunization at 9 months. The mean age at vaccination initiation was 6 days ± Prematurity Low Birth Weight Immunization Timeliness Completion

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Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 391-400页

作者： Isabelle Mekone Nkwele Monono Naiza Gervais Talla Kamga Hugues Nana Djeunga jeannette Epée ngoue Patricia Epée Eboumbou Suzanne Ngo Um Sap Evelyn Mah Mungeh Joseph Kamgno Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Centre de Recherche sur les Filarioses et autres Maladies Tropicales (CRFilMT) Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

关键词： Akonolinga Soil-Transmitted-Helminths Children Aged 0 - 3 Years Risk Factors

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