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Advances and new perspectives in the treatment of metastatic colon cancer

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第7期6卷 211-224页

作者： Gonzalo Recondo Jr enrique díaz-cantón Máximo de la Vega Martin Greco Gonzalo Recondo Sr Matias E Valsecchi department of Medical Oncology Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC) Buenos Aires 1431 Argentina Fundaleu Fundación para combatir la Leucemia Servicio de Oncología Clínica Buenos Aires 1114 Argentina depatment of Medical Oncology Hunting-ton Internal Medicine Group Huntington WV 25705 United States

during the last decade we have witnessed an unprec-edented outburst of new treatment approaches for the management of metastatic colon ***-angio-genic drugs,epidermal growth factor receptor blockers and multi-kinase inhibitors have all resulted in small but consistent improvement in clinical ***,this progress has paradoxically leaded us into new *** many cases the clinical development was done in parallel and the lack of head-to-head compari-son evolved into circumstances where several valid new"standards of care"are *** though desir-able in essence,the availability of many options as well as different possible combinations frequently leaves the busy clinician in the difficult situation of having to choose between one or the other,sometimes without solid evidence to support each *** addition,progress never stops and new agents are continuously *** these reason this review will try to summa-rize all the clinical trials that constitute the theoretical framework that support our daily practice but will also procure the reader with rational answers to common clinical dilemmas by critically appraising the current ***,we will provide with a compilation of promising new agents that may soon become our next line of defense against this deadly disease.

关键词： Colon Cancer Stage Ⅳ Metastatic Review Bevacizumab Cetuximab Panitumumab Aflibercept Regorafenib

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Effect of snow on mountain river regimes： an example from the Pyrenees

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 515-530页

作者： Alba SAnMIGUEL-VALLELAdO enrique MORAn-TEJEdA Esteban ALOnSO-GOnZALEZ Juan Ignacio LOPEZ-MOREnO Pyrenean Institute of Ecology CSIC (Spanish Research Council) Zaragoza Spain department of Geography University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain

The purpose of this study was to characterize mountain river regimes in the Spanish Pyrenees and to assess the importance of snow accumulation and snowmelt on the timing of river flows. daily streamflow data from 9 gauging stations in the Pyrenees were used to characterize river regimes. These data were analyzed by hydrological indices, with a focus on periods when snow accumulation and snowmelt occurred. These results were combined with data on Snow Water Equivalent （SWE）（from measure- ments of depth and density of snow in the main river basins and also simulated by a process-based hydrological model）, snowmelting （simulated by a process-based hydrological model）, precipitation （from observations）, and temperature （from observations）. Longitude. and elevation gradients in the Pyrenees explain the transition of river regimes from those that mostly had low nival signals （in the west and at low elevations） to those that mostly had high nival signals （low winter runoff and late spring peakflow, in the east and at high elevations）. Although trend analyses indicated no statistically signifi- cant changes, there was a trend of decreased nival signal over time in most of the analyzed rivers. Our results also demonstrated that snow processes cannot explain all of the interannual variability of river regimes, because the temporal distribution of liquid precipitation and tempera- ture play key roles in hydrography.

关键词： river regime precipitation snow indices,Spanish Pyrenees streamflow

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