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Agro-residue biochar and N fertilizer addition mitigates CO2-C emission and stabilized soil organic carbon pools in a rain-fed agricultural cropland

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 76-86页

作者： segun O.Oladele Adewole T.Adetunji Department of Agronomy Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba AkokoOndo StateNigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest ManagementFederal University of Technology AkureOndo StateNigeria Department of Agriculture Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyWestern CapeSouth Africa

Scarce carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission data,soil organic carbon(C_(org))and labile C_(org) pool index for croplands in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)limits our ability to define regional CO_(2) flux and mitigation prospects provided by biochar ***,we conducted a two-year field scale study quanti-fying effects of biochar(12t ha^(-1)),biochar(12t ha^(-1))and N fertilizer(90 kg N ha^(-1)),N fertilizer(90 kg N ha^(-1))alone and control(no amendment)on C_(org),C_(org) pools,lability index(LI)and CO_(2) emissions of a humid tropical alfisol under rainfed rice *** clearly demonstrate that biochar amendment combined with N fertilizer significantly increased C_(org),particulate organic carbon,and particulate organic carbon to organic carbon ***,this combination decreased dissolved organic carbon,dissolved organic carbon to organic carbon proportion,easily oxidizable carbon,easily oxidizable carbon to organic carbon proportion,microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass carbon to organic carbon proportion,LI,and CO_(2) emission when compared to other *** findings established relationship between labile C_(org) pools and CO_(2) ***,our study suggest that application of biochar and N fertilizer addition can decrease CO_(2) emission from SSA croplands under rainfed rice cultivation,increase essential labile C_(org) pools,protect labile C_(org) pools sensitive to losses and sequester C_(org) with positive implication for global change mitigation and soil quality improvement.

关键词： Global change Sub-saharan Africa Greenhouse gas Rainfed croplands Environment

Forcibly Re-scrambled Randomized Response Model for Simultaneous Estimation of Means of Two Sensitive Variables

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2020年第1期8卷 23-45页

作者： segun Ahmed Stephen A.Sedory Sarjinder Singh Department of Mathematics Texas A&M University-KingsvilleKingsvilleTX 78363USA

Recently,Ahmed et al.(Commun Stat Theory Methods 47(2):324-343,2018)have introduced the idea of simultaneously estimating means of two sensitive variables by collecting one scrambled response and another *** this paper,we extend their idea to the simultaneous estimation of two means by making use of the forced quantitative randomized response model of Gjestvang and Singh(Metrika 66(2):243-257,2007)but then re-scrambling the scrambled *** idea of re-scrambling already scrambled responses seems completely new in the field of randomized response *** performance of the proposed forced quantitative randomized response model has been investigated analytically as well as empirically.

关键词： Estimation of means of two sensitive characteristics Randomized response technique Re-scrambling Variance and relative efficiency

Viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and afterslip following the 2014 M_(W)8.1 Iquique earthquake

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Earthquake Research Advances 2021年第1期1卷 34-40页

作者： Zhiping Hu Yan Hu segun Steven Bodunde Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230000China

An improved understanding of postseismic crustal deformation following large subduction earthquakes may help to better understand the rheological properties of upper mantle and the slip behavior of subduction *** we construct a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to study the postseismic deformation of the 2014 M_(W)8.1 Iquique,Chile *** units in the model include the subducting slab,continental and oceanic *** units include the mantle wedge,the oceanic asthenosphere and upper *** use a 2 km thick weak shear zone attached to the subduction fault to simulate the time-dependent stress-driven *** viscoelastic relaxation in the rheological units is represented by the Burgers *** carry out grid-searches on the shear zone viscosity,thickness and viscosity of the asthenosphere,and they are determined to be 10^(17)Pa s,110 km and 2×10^(18)Pa s,*** stress-driven afterlsip within the first two years is up to~47 cm and becomes negligible after two years(no more than 5 cm/yr).Our results suggest that a thin,low-viscosity oceanic asthenosphere together with a weak shear zone attached to the fault are required to better reproduce the observed postseismic deformation.

关键词： 2014 M_(W)8.1 Iquique earthquake Postseismic viscoelastic relaxation Afterslip Finite element model Lithosphere geodynamics Upper mantle rheology

Effects of biochar amendment and nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial biomass pools in an Alfisol under rain-fed rice cultivation

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Biochar 2019年第2期1卷 163-176页

作者： segun Oladele Adebayo Adeyemo Ajoke Adegaiye Moses Awodun Department of Agronomy Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba AkokoOndo StateNigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest ManagementFederal University of Technology AkureOndo StateNigeria

Field studies were conducted over 2 years to determine the response of soil microbial biomass pool to biochar and N fertilizer combinations in a rain-fed rice cropping *** was applied at four doses:0 t ha^(−1),3 t ha^(−1),6 t ha^(−1) and 12 t ha^(−1) in combination with N fertilizer at four rates:0 kg ha^(−1),30 kg ha^(−1),60 kg ha^(−1) and 90 kg ha^(−1) to a Typic Paleustalf *** samples from two depths(0-10 and 10-20 cm)were collected to determine microbial biomass C(MBC),N(MBN),P(MBP),MBC/N ratio,MBC/P ratio,soil CO_(2) flux,microbial qCO_(2),cultivable bacterial and fungal *** and N fertilizer combination effects on MBC,MBN and MBP pools were dependent on biochar doses,N fertilizer rates and soil ***/N and MBC/P ratios were decreased after 2 *** CO_(2) flux was maximum at post-seeding stage of rice plant,while decreasing trends occurred at active tillering and harvest *** doses of biochar irrespective of its combination with N fertilizer rates decreased CO_(2) flux and microbial qCO_(2).Combinations of biochar and N fertilizer increased fungal/bacterial ratio and induced a shift to a more fungal-dominated population after 2 *** results sug-gest that combination of biochar doses(3-12 t ha^(−1))with N fertilizer rates had stimulatory effects on microbial biomass pools and activity with positive implications for organic carbon accumulation,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)retention in tropical soils.

关键词： Biochar Nitrogen fertilizer Microbial biomass Metabolic quotient Fungal/bacteria ratio

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from naturally infected children in north-central Nigeria using the merozoite surface protein-2 as molecular marker

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第8期6卷 589-594页

作者： segun Isaac Oyedeji Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode Chiaka Anumudu Jrgen Kun Department of Biotechnology Bells University of Technology Parasitology Unit Department of Zoology University of Ibadan Institute of Tropical Medicine Eberhard Karls University

Objective: To characterize the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum ( P. falciparum ) field isolates in children from Lafia, North-central Nigeria, using the highly polymorphic P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) gene as molecular marker. Methods: Three hundred and twenty children were enrolled into the study between 2005 and 2006. These included 140 children who presented with uncomplicated malaria at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia and another 180 children from the study area with asymptomatic infection. DNA was extracted from blood spot on filter paper and MSP-2 genes were genotyped using allele-specific nested PCR in order to analyze the genetic diversity of parasite isolates. Results: A total of 31 and 34 distinct MSP-2 alleles were identified in the asymptomatic and uncomplicated malaria groups respectively. No difference was found between the multiplicity of infection in the asymptomatic group and that of the uncomplicated malaria group ( P >0.05). However, isolates of the FC27 allele type were dominant in the asymptomatic group whereas isolates of the 3D7 allele type were dominant in the uncomplicated malaria group. Conclusions: This study showed a high genetic diversity of P. falciparum isolates in North-central Nigeria and is comparable to reports from similar areas with high malaria transmission intensity.

关键词： Malaria Plasmodium falciparum MSP-2 Genetic diversity PCR North-central Nigeria

An overview of biomass solid fuels:Biomass sources,processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 333-360页

作者： segun E.Ibitoye Rasheedat M.Mahamood Tien-Chien Jen Chanchal Loha Esther T.Akinlabi Department of Mechanical Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park2006524South Africa Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorin P.M.B.1515Nigeria Energy Research and Technology Group CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research InstituteWest BengalDurgapur-713209India Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle NE18STUnited Kingdom

Biomass solid fuel(BSF)has emerged as a promising renewable energy source,but its morphological and microstructural properties are crucial in determining their physical,mechanical,and chemical *** paper provides an overview of recent research on *** focus is on biomass sources,BSF processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties,with a special emphasis on energy-related *** inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the study to ensure *** inclusion criteria encompassed studies about BSFs and studies investigating the influence of biomass sources and processing methods on the morphological and microstructural properties of solid fuels within the past five *** technologies for converting biomass into usable energy were discussed,including gasification,torrefaction,carbonization,hydrothermal carbonization(HTC),and *** has advantages and disadvantages in energy performance,techno-economics,and climate *** is efficient but requires high *** produces bio-oil,char,and gases based on feedstock *** generates low-cost biochar for solid fuels and carbon sequestration *** increases energy density for co-firing with *** processes wet biomass efficiently with lower energy *** treatment affects BSF durability and strength,often leading to less durability due to voids and gaps between *** carbonization alters surface morphology,creating cavities,pores,and distinctive *** pyrolysis generates biochar with better morphological properties,while fast pyrolysis yields biochar with lower porosity and surface *** constitutes 67%of the biomass sources utilized for bioenergy generation,followed by wood residues(5%),agro-residues(4%),municipal solid wastes(3%),energy crops(3%),livestock wastes(3%),and forest residues(1%).Each source has advantages and drawbacks,such as avail

关键词： Biomass feedstock Microstructural property Morphological property Renewable energy Thermal treatment

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 133-152页

作者： Abdoulaye Diawara Djibril Mamadou Coulibaly Drissa Kone Mama A. Traore Drissa Konaté Dicko S. Bazi Oumar Kassogue Djeneba Sylla Fatoumata Gniné Fofana Oudou Diabaté Mariam Traore Ibrahim Antoine Nieantao Kaly Keїta Mamadou Diarra Olivia Smith Jian Li Cheickna Cisse Talib Yusuf Abbas Crystal Zheng segun Fatumo Kassim Traore Mamadou Wele Mahamadou Diakité Seydou O. Doumbia Jeffrey G. Shaffer University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali National Federation of Community Health Associations Bamako Mali Department of Tropical Medicine Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Manoa Honolulu USA Department Biostatistics and Data Science School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA Department of Biotechnology and Computer Science Burhani College Mazgaon Mumbai India School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA Medical Research Council Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK Departement of Biochemistry and Genetics Duquesne University College of Medicine Pittsburgh USA

Dyslipidemia is a disorder where abnormally lipid concentrations circulate in the bloodstream. The disorder is common in type 2 diabetics (T2D) and is linked with T2D comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia in T2D is typically characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding dyslipidemia in rural parts of Africa, where lipid profiles may not be captured through routine surveillance. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and demo-graphic profile of dyslipidemia in T2D in the rural community of Ganadougou, Mali. We performed a cross-sectional study of 104 subjects with T2D in Ganadougou between November 2021 and March 2022. Demographic and lipid profiles were collected through cross-sectional surveys and serological analyses. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in T2D patients was 87.5% (91/104), which did not differ by sex (P = .368). High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the most common lipid abnormality (78.9%, [82/104]). Dyslipidemia was associated with age and hypertension status (P = .013 and.036, respectively). High total and high LDL-C parameters were significantly associated with hypertension (P = .029 and .006, respectively). In low-resource settings such as rural Mali, there is a critical need to improve infrastructure for routine dyslipidemia screening to guide its prevention and intervention approaches. The high rates of dyslipidemia observed in Gandadougou, consistent with concomitant increases in cardiovascular diseases in Africa suggest that lipid profile assessments should be incorporated into routine medical care for T2D patients in African rural settings.

关键词： Cholesterol Cross-Sectional Study Dyslipidemia Lipids Mali Type 2 Diabetes

I must eat what I want: A roadblock to type 2 diabetes management

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2022年第2期4卷 91-96页

作者： Oluwaseyi Abiodun AKPOR Samuel segun ABEGUNDE Olaolorunpo OLORUNFEMI Oluwaseun Oluwafunmilayo ABIODUN Department of Nursing Science College of Medicine and Health SciencesAfe Babalola UniversityAdo EkitiNigeria Department of Medical Surgical/Adult Health Nursing Federal UniversityOye-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Department of Nursing Science College of Basic Health ScienceAchievers UniversityOwoOndo StateNigeria

Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is considered as one of the most common diseases,which is associated with irreversible risk factors such as age,gene,race,ethnicity,and reversible factors such as diet,physical activity,and *** to dietary regimen is the major factors for rapidly rising incidence of T2DM among developing ***,elevated HbA1c level has also been considered as one of the leading risk factors for developing microvascular and macrovascular *** in the elevated HbA1c level can be achieved through diet management;thus,this study found that improvement in patients’dietary knowledge,attitude toward,and compliance to diet regimen will promote a better control of the *** conclusion,the stakeholders(health-care providers,health facilities,agencies involved in T2DM care)should educate the patients on the importance of dietary modification in the disease ***,there is a need for nurses and other health care professionals to advocate and promote a better holistic management that will encourage patients participation and family involvement in the care.

关键词： Dietary compliance dietary management Roles of family members type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dermestes maculatus Degeer infestation impact on market loss of dried fish in Kwara State,Nigeria

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2018年第4期3卷 170-173页

作者： Adeyemi Mufutau Ajao segun Olayinka Oladipo Barakat O.Soliu Zoology Unit Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyCollege of Pure and Applied SciencesKwara State UniversityMalete1530Nigeria

Dried fish vendors located at three markets in Kwara State,Nigeria were surveyed and Dermestes maculatus Degeer-infested specimens of dried Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus,Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Oreochromis niloticus were analyzed in the *** dried fish species were exposed to *** larvae and adults for 35 days at ambient laboratory conditions that coincided with their developmental cycle after which the level of damages were *** vendor survey showed that the Ipata market had the most dried fish vendors within the age of 20-30 years(46.66%)and that 60%of the fish vendors had,atmost,20 years of *** weight loss in dried fish due to *** infestations(larval,adult)was ***(22.66±1.20g,29.00±3.05g),***(14.33±2.96g,20.00±0.58g),and ***(14.00±1.53g,15.00±1.15g)in decreasing *** suggests that the development of cost-effective methods for pest control in dried fish would greatly reduce market loss of product for dried fish vendors from *** and other pestiferous species,making the dried fish business more profitable in Nigeria.

关键词： Dried fish Dermestes maculatus Infestation Fish vendors