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Usefulness of the Surgical Apgar Score to Predict the Occurrence of Major Complications in the Early Post-Operative Period of Major Surgeries: Experience of Two Second-Category Hospitals in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第3期14卷 51-65页

作者： Charles emmanuel Toussaint Binam Bikoi Francis Ateba Ndongo Serge Vivier Nga Nomo Édouard Léa Mekoui Ze Fidèle Binam Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Yaounde Mother and Child Center Chantal Biya Foundation University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: The Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) is a tool for intraoperative stratification of the risk of serious complications in the early postoperative period. It varies from 0 to 10 points divided into three risk categories (0 to 4 high, 5 to 7 moderate, 8 to 10 low). The aim of the study was to evaluate its relevance in predicting the appearance of these complications. Material and methods: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out at the “Laquintinie” Hospital in Douala and at the Central Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon. The main data were collected on a population of patients over 18 years old and recorded on a survey form. They consisted of variables of main interest and exposure variables. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using top-down logistic regression models made it possible to evaluate the association of each variable of main interest and each exposure variable. The association was significant at P Results: Of the 88 patients studied, the SAS was 3 hours. In multivariate, this link persisted only and strongly for the SAS OR (IC) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2) and p = 000. Conclusion: The study found a specific and powerful link between the SAS score < 4 and the occurrence of complications in the early postoperative period, in favor of its relevance in predicting them.

关键词： Early Postoperative Complications Major Surgeries Surgical Apgar Score

Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

经皮冠状动脉介入的急性冠状动脉综合征患者早期不同联合降血脂策略效果分析

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中国医药 2024年第1期19卷 6-10页

作者：柳浩 emmanuel Simon Kinayi 张波大连医科大学附属第一医院心内科大连116000

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期不同联合降血脂策略的疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2022年6月大连医科大学附属第一医院诊断为ACS并行PCI治疗的患者,根据患者出院时降血脂方案,分为A组(他汀类药物+... 详细信息

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期不同联合降血脂策略的疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2022年6月大连医科大学附属第一医院诊断为ACS并行PCI治疗的患者,根据患者出院时降血脂方案,分为A组(他汀类药物+依折麦布)、B组(他汀类药物+依洛尤单抗)和C组(他汀类药物+依折麦布+依洛尤单抗),各73例。比较3组患者基线及1、6个月随访时低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和其他血脂指标水平变化。结果在1、6个月随访时,B、C组LDL-C较基线下降幅度显著大于A组,LDL-C0.05);3组间三酰甘油、载脂蛋白A1水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论他汀类药物联合应用依洛尤单抗可快速降低ACS行PCI患者血脂,增加LDL-C达标率,但是在他汀类药物联合依洛尤单抗基础上再联合依折麦布降低LDL-C的效果并不优于他汀类药物联合依洛尤单抗。

关键词：急性冠状动脉综合征依洛尤单抗依折麦布低密度脂蛋白胆固醇

Effects of Papyrus Plants (Cyperus papyrus) on the Physicochemical Parameters and Nutrient Levels of Water and Sediments in Yala Swamp Wetland in Western Kenya

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2024年第1期15卷 1-23页

作者： Violet Achieng Orodo Paul Otieno Abuom emmanuel Amukohe Shikanga Elly Tetty Osewe Douglas Nyambane Anyona Fredrick Mhina Mngube Stephen Adongo Odongo Department of Environmental Studies Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Chemistry Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Murang’a University of Technology Murang’a Kenya Wetlands International Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Physical Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya

Yala swamp wetland is the largest fresh water wetland ecosystem in Kenya supporting a broad biodiversity. It comprises of River Yala, the Yala swamp, Lakes Kanyaboli, Namboyo and Sare, and a portion of Lake Victoria neighboring the swamp. Approximately 2300 ha of land have been reclaimed and has been used for large-scale agriculture resulting in mass destruction of papyrus to create room for framing. Papyrus are known to be important in phytoremediation but despite this role information is limited, lacks supportive evidence and the empirical aspect on the levels of these pollutants in relation to the papyrus biomass is limited. The study is aimed at determining the effects of Cyperus papyrus on the water and sediment quality in Yala Swamp wetland. Six sampling sites were purposefully selected to monitor the variations of the physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen: DO, pH, biological oxygen demand: BOD, total suspended solids: TSS, turbidity, electrical conductivity: EC and total dissolved solids: TSS) and the levels selected nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates) in water and sediments as River Yala flows through Dominion Farms, Lake Sare which surrounded by Cyperus papyrus and finally into Lake Victoria. The samples were collected in triplicates during the wet and dry seasons (May and September 2015 respectively). The physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using a Hydrolab muiltimeter while the nutrients were analyzed using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was done using SAS V9.0 software. The mean temperature was 26.19˚C ± 0.71˚C, DO: 3.72 ± 1.02 Mg/l, BOD: 3.9 ± 0.32 Mg/l, pH: 7.52 ± 0.17, TDS: 109 ± 86.33, EC: 173.26 ± 13.8 μS/cm, TSS: 12.42 ± 18.51 Mg/l and Turbidity: 12.29 ± 10.03 NTU. The values varied significantly at P 0.05 among all the sites. The results show that papyrus is useful in maintaining the required levels of physicochemical parameters. The study will assist in conservation of the papyrus to help phytoremediate

关键词： Adsorbing Contaminants Phytoremediation Conservation Cyperus papyrus

Epidemiology of Maternal Deaths from 2017 to 2022 in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the University Hospital of Tengandogo, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1335-1346页

作者： Hien Dieudonné Ouédraogo emmanuel Nacanabo Karim Toé Rolande Bouaré Sidy Yankéné Mamdata Kaboré Vincent Kain Dantola Paul Ouédraogo Ali Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the Tengandogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso. Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso. Gynaecology-Obstetrics Department Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso. Hospital Pharmacy Department of the Tengandogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso.

Background: Although maternal mortality is declining in most countries, it remains a significant public health problem worldwide, with high rates, particularly in developing and insecure countries like ours. Objective: To study the epidemiological factors and factors associated with the occurrence of maternal death in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of University Hospital of Tengandogo. Method: It was a retrospective case-control study with a descriptive and analytical purpose over a period of 6 years from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. Cases were women with maternal deaths during the study period. Data processing and analysis were performed using Stata version 13 software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with Stata version 13 software, and logistic regression modeling was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the threshold for statistical significance was set at a p value < 0.05. Results: A total of 372 patients were included in the study, including 146 cases of maternal death. The in-hospital maternal mortality rate was 1933 deaths per 100,000 live births. The average age was 28.5 years. 58.9% of patients lived in rural areas. Married patients accounted for 88.7% of cases. The average parity was 3. Direct obstetrical causes were the main causes of death, accounting for 72.6%. They were dominated by post-partum hemorrhage (24.2%), puerperal infection (18.6%), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (16.1%) and retroplacental hematoma (8.9%). Chronic anemia (12.9%) was the main indirect obstetric cause. Risk factors associated with maternal death were primiparity (OR for paucigravida and multigravida at 0.05;P = 0.001);ambulance transport (OR for patients referred and brought in by personal vehicle = 0.3, p < 0.001) and vaginal delivery (OR for cesarean deliveries = 0.4, p < 0.001). Conclusion: To reduce maternal mortality in Burkina Faso, strategies such as educating women about danger signs d

关键词： Maternal Death Epidemiology Associated Factors University Hospital of Tengandogo

Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) under Laboratory Conditions

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 143-154页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Abu James Sundufu Alusaine Edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Skeku Alfred Kanu Prince emmanuel Norman Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Germplasm Enhancement and Seeds Systems Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Freetown Sierra Leone

Female grasshoppers can affect the fitness of their offspring through their selection of oviposition site. Knowledge of soil type on oviposition, and its effects on subsequent development can provide guidelines for habitat manipulations that reduce the harmful effects of these pests on farmers fields. The influence of soil types on the oviposition site preference of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) reared some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, was investigated in a cage trial carried out at the Bio factory laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone during 2022/2023. The treatments comprised three soil types (Sandy, Loamy and Clay), each with three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in wooden cages. Data were collected on the following development parameters including, Net reproductive growth ratio (R0), Generation time (Tc), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (), Doubling time (Dt), and overall survivorship. Findings revealed that, Z. variegatus L. preferred sandy soil in which, on average, most eggs were deposited (338, 6.62 4.40), followed by loamy soil, 286 (5.53 3.96), and then, clayey soil, 200 (3.91 3.85);though, the differences were not significant. This study established that Z. variegatus deposited more eggs in sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil, respectively;and subsequent survivorship of the immature unto mature adult insect, revealed a similar order. This indicates that the sandy soil is the most preferred substrate for oviposition and subsequent development into adult insects.

关键词： Development Oviposition Oviposition Site Preference Soil Types Variegated Grasshopper

Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge and Behaviour among Adolescents in Rural Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1422-1430页

作者： Yobi Alexis Sawadogo Issa Ouédraogo Sibraogo Kiemtoré Ali Sie Clarisse Dah Adama Ouattara Hulda W. Nana emmanuel Ouedraogo Charlemagne Ouedraogo Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Science Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Nouna Health Research Centre Nouna Burkina Faso

Background: Adolescents in developing countries have limited knowledge about the prevention of STIs and unwanted pregnancies. In several African countries, risky sexual behaviour persists, including early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, economic and sexual exchange, and low condom and contraceptive use. The purpose of this study is to assess the sexual and reproductive health knowledge and behaviour of adolescents in rural Burkina Faso in order to improve their sexual and reproductive health. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection conducted from 07 March to 04 April 2022 in the area of the Demographic and Health Surveillance System of the Nouna Research Centre. A questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 1202 adolescents. Results: The mean age of the adolescents was 14.1 years and 56.6% were male. Only 58.2% of the adolescents had ever heard of HIV/AIDS. Of these, 95.7% did not know their HIV status. In addition, 15.8% had ever had sexual intercourse and 2.4% had been sexually active at an early age. Almost 45% had not used any contraceptive method the last time they had sex. Condoms were the most frequently used contraceptive method (47.4%). Among teenagers, 27.6% had been pregnant at least once, 7.3% were married and the average age at marriage was 18.45 years. Almost 7% (6.9%) of teenagers had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: Adolescents have limited knowledge about reproductive health. Risky sexual behaviour persists. Awareness campaigns need to be intensified to improve their sexual and reproductive health.

关键词： Knowledge Behaviour Reproductive Health Adolescents Nouna Burkina Faso

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Customer Churn Prediction in the U.S. Banking and Financial Services: Economic Impact and Industry-Specific Insights

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第3期12卷 388-418页

作者： Omoshola S. Owolabi Prince C. Uche Nathaniel T. Adeniken Oghenekome Efijemue Samuel Attakorah Oluwabukola G. Emi-Johnson emmanuel Hinneh Department of Data Science Carolina University Winston-Salem NC USA Department of Computer Science Austin Peay State University Clarkesville TN USA Department of Statistical Sciences Wake Forest University Winston-Salem NC USA

Customer churn poses a significant challenge for the banking and finance industry in the United States, directly affecting profitability and market share. This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of machine learning models for customer churn prediction, focusing on the U.S. context. The research evaluates the performance of logistic regression, random forest, and neural networks using industry-specific datasets, considering the economic impact and practical implications of the findings. The exploratory data analysis reveals unique patterns and trends in the U.S. banking and finance industry, such as the age distribution of customers and the prevalence of dormant accounts. The study incorporates macroeconomic factors to capture the potential influence of external conditions on customer churn behavior. The findings highlight the importance of leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and comprehensive customer data to develop effective churn prevention strategies in the U.S. context. By accurately predicting customer churn, financial institutions can proactively identify at-risk customers, implement targeted retention strategies, and optimize resource allocation. The study discusses the limitations and potential future improvements, serving as a roadmap for researchers and practitioners to further advance the field of customer churn prediction in the evolving landscape of the U.S. banking and finance industry.

关键词： Churn Prediction Machine Learning Economic Impact Industry-Specific Insights Logistic Regression Random Forest Neural Networks

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Techniques to Derive Flood Risks Management on Rice Productivity in Gishari Marshland

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 222-249页

作者： Jean Nepo Nsengiyumva emmanuel Nshimiyimana Jean Marie Ntakirutimana Phocas Musabyimana Yvonne Akimana Fred Shema Set Niyitanga Séverin Hishamunda Callixte Musinga Mpamabara Eliezel Habineza Department of Agricultural Engineering Rwanda Polytechnic IPRC Gishari Rwamagana Rwanda Department of Environmental Information System University of Lay Adventist of Kigali Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China Department of Agricultural and Resources Economics School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda Department of Smart Agriculture System Hankyong National University Anseong Kyonggi South Korea

Floods are phenomenon with significant socio-economic implications mainly for human loss, agriculture, livestock, soil loss and land degradation, for which many researchers try to identify the most appropriate methodologies by analyzing their temporal and spatial development. This study therefore attempts to employ the GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process techniques to derive the flood risks management on rice productivity in the Gishari Agricultural Marshland in Rwamagana district, Rwanda. Here, six influencing potential factors to flooding, including river slope, soil texture, Land Use Land Cover through Land Sat 8, rainfall, river distance and Digital Elevation Model are considered for the delineation of flood risk zones. Data acquisition like Landsat 8 images, DEM, land use land cover, slope, and soil class in the study area were considered. Results showed that if the DEM is outdated or inaccurate due to changes in the terrain, such as construction, excavation, or erosion, the predicted flood patterns might not reflect the actual water flow. This could result unexpected flood extents and depths, potentially inundating rice fields that were not previously at risk and this, expectedly explained that the increase 1 m in elevation would reduce the rice productivity by 0.17% due to unplanned flood risks in marshland. It was found that the change in rainfall distribution in Gishari agricultural marshland would also decrease the rice productivity by 0.0018%, which is a sign that rainfall is a major factor of flooding in rice scheme. Rainfall distribution plays a crucial role in flooding analysis and can directly impact rice productivity. Oppositely, another causal factor was Land Use Land Cover (LULC), where the Multivariate Logistic Regression Model Analysis findings showed that the increase of one unit in Land Use Land Cover would increase rice productivity by 0.17% of the total rice productivity from the Gishari Agricultural Ma

关键词： Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Analytical Hierarchy Analysis (AHA) GIS RS and DEM