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Joint Loading Estimation Method for Horse Forelimb High Jerk Locomotion:Jumping

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第4期16卷 674-685页

作者： Joanne Becker Mermoz emmanuel Linares Jean-Marc Airbus Helicopters Aeroport de Marseille ProvenceMarignane 13700France Aix Marseille Univ CNRSISMInst Movement SciMarseille 13009France

Maximal local loads in animal joints are necessary to design bio-inspired mechanical *** studies presented methods to determine joint reaction forces in humans and ***,many of these methods are invasive,and no work has been published yet about the joint reaction forces in the horse forelimb during ***-invasive methods to measure the kinematics and ground reaction force of a horse forelimb were used in this work.A musculoskeletal model of horse forelimb was built with mechanical methods for the estimation of joint reaction *** entire forelimb was reconstructed by scanning real bones geometry with a 3D optical scanner and modeling all the muscles on a Computer Assisted Design(CAD)*** model dynamics were simulated with OpenSim in order to estimate the joint *** study allows knowing an order of magnitude of the loads at the joints at jumping in order to determine latter the maximal joint contact loading values that will be a key at designing bio-inspired joints for mechanical assemblies.

关键词： joint loading jumping kinematics modelling OpenSim

Rankin-Selberg coefficients in large arithmetic progressions

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第12期66卷 2767-2778页

作者： emmanuel Kowalski Yongxiao Lin Philippe Michel Department of Mathematics ETH ZurichZurich CH-8092Switzerland Data Science Institute Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China EPFL/MATH/TAN Lausanne CH-1015Switzerland

Let(λ_f(n))_(n≥1)be the Hecke eigenvalues of either a holomorphic Hecke eigencuspform or a Hecke-Maass cusp form *** prove that,for any fixedη>0,under the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture for GL_(2)Maass forms,the Rankin-Selberg coefficients(λ_f(n)^(2))_(n≥1)admit a level of distributionθ=2/5+1/260-ηin arithmetic progressions.

关键词： arithmetic progressions Rankin-Selberg L-functions δ-method

Electrical and thermal performances of photovoltaic/thermal systems with magnetic nanofluids:A review

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Particuology 2021年第1期19卷 181-200页

作者： Innocent Nkurikiyimfura Yanmin Wang Bonfils Safari emmanuel Nshingabigwi Physics Department School of ScienceCollege of Science and TechnologyUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda African Center of Excellence in Energy for Sustainable Development(ACE-ESD) College of Science and TechnologyUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina

Enhancing solar photovoltaic and thermal conversion performances may help develop more environmentally friendly hybrid photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)systems that can be used in applications ranging from household to industrial *** to their enhanced thermal and optical properties,nanofluids have proven to be good candidates for designing PV/T systems with superior *** smart nanofluids,magnetic nanofluids(MNFs)can further enhance the performances of PV/T systems under external magnetic *** paper reviews recent developments in enhancing the electrical and thermal performances of PV/T systems using magnetic *** parameters affecting the performances are highlighted,and some areas for further investigations are *** reviewed literature shows that PV/T systems with MNFs are ***,their performances need further investigation before they can be used in applications.

关键词： Magnetic nanofluids Photovoltaic/thermal systems Heat transfer enhancement Magnetic field Electrical and thermal performances Solar energy

The road to opportunities： landscape change promotes body-size divergence in a highly mobile species

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 7-14页

作者： Carlos CAMACHO Pedro saez Sonia SANCHEZ Sebastian PALACIOS Carlos MOLINA Jaime POTTI Department of Evolutionary Ecology Estacion Biologica de Donana--CSIC Av. Americo Vespucio 41092 SevilleSpain Department of Environmental Biology and Public Health. University of Huelva. Av. Andalucia 21071 HuelvaSpain Department of Conservation Biology Estacion Biologica de Donana--CSlC Av. Americo Vespucio 41092Seville Spain Sociedad Espafiola de Ornitologia. Centro Ornitologico Francisco Bernis. Paseo Marismeno sn 21750 Huelva Spain

Landscape change provides a suitable framework for investigating population-level responses to novel ecological pressures. However, relatively little attention has been paid to examine the poten- tial influence of landscape change on the geographic scale of population differentiation. Here, we tested for morphological differentiation of red-necked nightjars Caprimulgus ruficollis breeding in a managed property and a natural reserve situated less than 10 km apart. At both sites, we also esti- mated site fidelity over 5 years and quantified the potential foraging opportunities for nightjars. Breeding birds in the managed habitat were significantly larger in size--as indexed by keel length--than those in the natural one. However, there were no significant differences in wing or tail length. Immigration from neighboring areas was almost negligible and, furthermore, no individual （out of 1130 captures overall） exchanged habitats between years, indicating strong site fidelity. Food supply for nightjars was equally abundant in both habitats, but the availability of foraging sites was remarkably higher in the managed property. As a result, nightjars--particularly fledg- lings-in the latter habitat benefited from increased foraging opportunities in relation to those in the natural site. It seems likely that the fine-scale variation in nightjar morphology reflects a pheno- typic response to unequal local conditions, since non-random dispersal or differential mortality had been determined not to be influential. High site fidelity appears to contribute to the mainten- ance of body-size differences between the two habitats. Results from this nightjar population high- light the potential of human-induced landscape change to promote population-level responses at exceedingly small geographic scales.

关键词： human-induced environmental change morphology phenotypic divergence philopatry population differentiation.

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SEQUENTIAL AUCTIONS:PRICING AND CALIBRATION ALGORITHMS

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2012年第3期3卷 43-63页

作者： emmanuel M.TADJOUDDINE Computer Science and Software Engineering Department Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University SIP SuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

We consider sequential auctions wherein seller and bidder agents need to price goods on sale at the‘right’market *** propose algorithms based on a binomial model for both the seller and ***,we consider the problem of calibrating pricing models to market *** this end,we studied a stochastic volatility model used for option pricing,derived,and analyzed Monte Carlo estimators for computing the gradient of a certain payoff function using Finite Differencing and Algorithmic *** then assessed the accuracy and efficiency of both methods as well as their impacts into the optimization *** results are presented and *** work can benefit those engaged in electronic trading or investors in financial products with the need for fast and more precise predictions of future market data.

关键词： Pricing algorithms stochastic model calibration algorithmic differentiation optimization

Topology optimization based on reduction methods with applications to multiscale design and additive manufacturing

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第1期15卷 151-165页

作者： emmanuel TROMME Atsushi KAWAMOTO James KGUEST Department of Civil Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc.NagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan

Advanced manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing offer now the capability to control material placement at unprecedented length scales and thereby dramatically open up the design *** includes the considerations of new component topologies as well as the architecture of material within a topology offering new paths to creating lighter and more efficient *** optimization is an ideal tool for navigating this multiscale design problem and leveraging the capabilities of advanced manufacturing ***,the resulting design problem is computationally challenging as very fine discretizations are needed to capture all micro-structural *** this paper,a method based on reduction techniques is proposed to perform efficiently topology optimization at multiple *** method solves the design problem without length scale separation,i.e.,without iterating between the two ***,connectivity between space-varying micro-structures is naturally *** design problems for various types of micro-structural periodicity are performed to illustrate the method,including applications to infill patterns in additive manufacturing.

关键词： multiscale topology optimization micro-structure additive manufacturing reduction techniques substructuring static condensation super-element

Chemotherapy and its evolving role in the management of advanced prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 334-340页

作者： Michael T Schweizer emmanuel S Antonarakis Prostate Cancer Research Program Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland USA

Advanced prostate cancer has been recognized as being responsive to androgen deprivation since the 1940s when Charles Huggins first described the role of surgical castration in managing these patients. However, androgen deprivation only results in transient disease control for the vast majority of men, with those progressing in spite of castrate testosterone levels labeled as having castrate-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC）. Until 2004, the therapeutic arena for these patients had remained stagnant, with no agent having shown a survival gain in the CRPC setting. Two landmark publications changed the prostate cancer treatment landscape by providing ＇level-1 evidence＇ that docetaxel-based chemotherapy led to prolongation in overall survival （OS）. This was followed by the approval of cabazitaxel in 2010 on the basis of Phase III data demonstrating its efficacy in patients pretreated with docetaxel. More recently, a number of next-generation androgen-directed agents （e.g. abiraterone and enzalutamide） have also been shown to lead to a survival benefit in men with CRPC. With so many new treatment options available, a number of questions remain. These include： how to best sequence chemotherapy with these newer hormonal agents, the clinical implication of cross-resistance between taxanes and androgen-directed agents and which subsets of patients may benefit most from early use of chemotherapy. This review will provide an overview of the evolving role of chemotherapy in the management of advanced prostate cancer in the current era.

关键词： cabazitaxel chemotherapy cyclophosphamide docetaxel mitoxantrone prostate cancer taxanes

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,cecal mucosal cytokines and serum antioxidant responses of broiler chickens to dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1438-1450页

作者： emmanuel Oluwabukunmi Alagbe Hagen Schulze Olayiwola Adeola Department of Animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Livalta PeterboroughCambridgeshire PE26FLUK

Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry *** study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast(ETY) on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,antioxidative status,and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler *** From d 1 to 14 post hatching,480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY(0,1,or 2 g/kg).The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight(BW) used as a blocking *** d 14 post hatching,the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental *** of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge *** resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of *** coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral *** Dietary ETY improved(P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased(P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(DM),nitrogen,and gross energy(GE).The coccidia challenge decreased(P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake of broiler chickens and reduced(P < 0.01) the total tract retention of DM,GE,and *** coccidia challenge increased(P < 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα,IL-1β,IL-10,and IL-6 in the cecal *** was a tendency(P ne = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β ***,ETY supplementation increased(P < 0.05) the geexpression of *** catalase increased(P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d *** ETY linearly increased(P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,and ileal goblet cell density in broiler *** ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased(P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d *** Dietary ETY enha

关键词： Broiler chickens Coccidia Goblet cells Growth performance Health Oocyst Peptides Postbiotics Yeast

Demographic implications of lifehistory stage characteristics in two African acacias at a Makeni savanna plot in Zambia

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第4期1卷 217-225页

作者： emmanuel Ngulube Chidumayo Biological Sciences Department University of ZambiaBox 32379LusakaZambia

Aims In spite of the importance of African acacias in vegetation succession and provision of goods and services,little is known about life-history variations within and among *** of the work done on African acacias has focused on seed predation and germination and seedling establishment,especially of Acacia tortilis,Acacia nilotica and Acacia *** primary aim of the present work is to investigate differences in the demography of Acacia polyacantha and Acacia sieberiana and the relationship between life-history characteristics and population size.A secondary objective is to assess how fire,an important ecological factor in savanna vegetation,might modify the growth and demographic dynamics of the two *** The study was conducted at the Makeni savanna plot in central Zambia,southern *** emergence from both non-scarified and scarified seeds sown at different times in the wet season and the fate and growth of seedlings and saplings were monitored over a period of 4 *** growth of permanently marked sample trees in annually burnt and fire-protected blocks was recorded over a 6-year period(2002–08)in order to assess inter-specific differences and how fire modifies tree growth *** of natural saplings and trees were conducted periodically in sample blocks to determine recruitment into these life-history *** findings Seedling emergence and sapling survival rates were much higher in *** than in ***,both seedling and sapling growth rates were higher in *** than in *** but tree growth rates were similar in the two *** fire protection tree growth was significantly influenced by tree size and year while under annual burning only tree size significantly affected tree *** dominance of *** over *** at the study site was attributed to higher seedling emergence rate,higher sapling survival rate and a large sapling bank that forms a

关键词： Acacia demography fire plant growth survivorship