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long-Term Application of Organic Manure and Mineral Fertilizer on N_2O and CO_2 Emissions in a Red Soil from Cultivated Maize-Wheat Rotation in China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第11期10卷 1748-1757页

作者： ZHAI li-mei l1u Hong-bin ZHANG ji-zong HuANG jing WANG Bo-ren Key laboratory of Nonpoint Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China

A long-term field experiment was established to determine the influence of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil fertility. A tract of red soil （Ferralic Cambisol） in Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station （Qiyang County, Hunan Province, China） was fertilized beginning in 1990 and N20 and CO2 were examined during the maize and wheat growth season of 2007-2008. The study involved five treatments： organic manure （NPKM）, fertilizer NPK （NPK）, fertilizer NP （NP）, fertilizer NK （NK）, and control （CK）. Manured soils had higher crop biomass, organic C, and pH than soils receiving the various mineralized fertilizers indicating that long-term application of manures could efficiently prevent red soil acidification and increase crop productivity. The application of manures and fertilizers at a rate of 300 kg N ha-1 yr-1 obviously increased NzO and CO2 emissions from 0.58 kg N20-N ha-~ yr-~ and 10565 kg C ha-~ yr-~ in the CK treatment soil to 3.0l kg N20-N ha-~ yr-~ and 28 663 kg C ha-~ yr-I in the NPKM treatment. There were also obvious different effects on N20 and CO2 emissions between applying fertilizer and manure. More N20 and CO2 released during the 184-d maize growing season than the 125- d wheat growth season in the manure fertilized soils but not in mineral fertilizer treatments. N20 emission was significantly affected by soil moisture only during the wheat growing season, and CO2 emission was affected by soil temperature only in CK and NP treatment during the wheat and maize growing season. In sum, this study indicates the application of organic manure may be a preferred strategy for maintaining red emissions than treatments only with mineral fertilizer. soil productivity, but may result in greater N20 and CO2

关键词： red soil N fertilizer organic manure temperature WFPS

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基于查询扩展的中文语音高效检索

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模式识别与人工智能 2011年第4期24卷 561-566页

作者：李伟吴及吕萍清华大学电子工程系北京100084

中文语音检索系统用于快速准确地在中文语音文档中定位用户查询.典型实现方案对语音文档进行识别后建立索引,对查询串进行分词并以分词结果检索.检索过程中出现的查询分词与识别结果不匹配将影响系统性能.为解决该问题,产生多种查询分... 详细信息

中文语音检索系统用于快速准确地在中文语音文档中定位用户查询.典型实现方案对语音文档进行识别后建立索引,对查询串进行分词并以分词结果检索.检索过程中出现的查询分词与识别结果不匹配将影响系统性能.为解决该问题,产生多种查询分词结果,并对其进行前后缀扩展后检索.为解决因扩展带来的检索内容过多,用时较长的问题,引入有穷自动机压缩扩展,在此基础上设计基于令牌的搜索算法高效检索.实验证明,对查询的多分词与前后缀扩展可以使检索EER相对提升50%～70%,引入FSA可压缩检索空间,使得检索速度提升近30倍.

关键词：中文语音检索分词查询扩展有穷自动机基于令牌的搜索

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高速铁路列控系统运营场景实时性的建模与验证

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铁道学报 2011年第6期33卷 54-61页

作者：吕继东唐涛北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室北京100044

高速铁路列控系统是一个典型的分布式实时系统,其时间约束主要反映在运营场景中子系统之间的交互过程中。时序逻辑的扩展方法并不能完全满足描述分布式实时系统性质的需要,并且随着系统的复杂性提高,列控系统运营场景中诸如超时、期限... 详细信息

高速铁路列控系统是一个典型的分布式实时系统,其时间约束主要反映在运营场景中子系统之间的交互过程中。时序逻辑的扩展方法并不能完全满足描述分布式实时系统性质的需要,并且随着系统的复杂性提高,列控系统运营场景中诸如超时、期限、直到…才等形式化描述与验证上存在不足。本文提出一种适合于列控系统场景建模与验证的方法,其核心思想是使用混合通信顺序进程HCSP(Hybrid Communicating Sequential Process)形式化描述分布式实时系统模型,提出转换规则,转换成时间自动机网络模型并进行自动验证。最后通过对典型场景无线闭塞中心RBC(Radio Block Center)切换的相关属性进行建模与验证,分析证明方法的有效性。

关键词：列控系统时间约束混合通信顺序进程时间自动机 RBC切换

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Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the lower-Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第2期85卷 408-420页

作者： YAO jianxin ji Zhansheng WANG liting WANG Yanbin wu Zhenjie lIu Dunyi wu Guichun ZHANG jianwei lI Suping Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Guiyang 550004 China

The demarcation of the lower-Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research. lower-Middle Triassic strata of different types, from platform to basin facies,are well developed in Southwest China. This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage. Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city, Guizhou province, six conodont zones have been recognized, which can be correlated with those in other regions, in ascending order as follows： 1, Neospathodus cristagalli Interval-Zone; 2, Neospathodus pakistanensis Interval-Zone; 3,Neospathodus waageni Interval-Zone; 4, Neospathodus homeri-N, triangularis Assemblage-Zone; 5,Chiosella timorensis Interval-Zone; and 6, Neogongdolella regalis Range-Zone. An evolutionary series of the Early-Middle Triassic conodont genera Neospathodus-Chiosella-Neogongdolella discovered in the Ganheqiao and Qingyan sections has an intermediate type named Neospathodus qingyanensis that appears between Neospathodus homeri and Chiosella timorensis in the upper part of the Neospathodus homeri-N, triangularis Zone, showing an excellent evolutionary relationship of conodonts near the lower-Middle Triassic boundary. The lower-Middle Triassic boundary is located at 1.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Qingyan section,whereas this boundary is located 0.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Ganheqiao section. There exists one nearly 6-m thick vitric tuff bed at the bottom of the Xinyuan Formation in the Ganheqiao section, which is usually regarded as a lithologic symbol of the lower-Middle Triassic boundary in South China. Based on the analysis of high -precision and high-sensitivity Secondary Ion Mass Spectrum data ,the zircon age of this tuff has a weighted mean 206Pb/238u age of 239.0±2.9

关键词： l-M Triassic Qingyan Stage conodont biostratigraphy isotope chronology South China

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Effect of mining and utilizing bone coal on environment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2001年第1期12卷 63-80页

作者： YE ji-Da lIu Hong-Shi wu Zong-Mei wu Xiao-Fei (Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012) 浙江省辐射环境监测站浙江杭州 310012

The average air γ-ray dose rates measured from the field, road, bone coal, bone coal cinder and bone coal cinder bricks in the three bone coal mines in west Zhejiang Province, are 3.8× 102, 4.1× 102, 7.1 × 102, 4.0 × 102 and 7.1 × 102 nGy/h, respectively. The mean contents of 238u, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the bone coal of the three bone coal mines are 2.0× 103, 2.1 × 103, 3.9 × 101 and 6.1 × 102 Bq/kg, respectively, in the bone coal cinder(BCC) are 1.6× 103, 1.6× 103, 2.3× 101 and 4.5× 102 Bq/kg, respectively, and in the bone coal cinder brick(BCCB) are 1.2× 103, l.2× 103, 2.4× 101 and 4.0× 102 Bq/kg, respectively, and those in the reference soil are 3.4× 10’, l.0× 102, 4.9 × 101 and 4.9 × 102 Bq/kg, respectively. The annual mean of effective dose equivalent for public living in house buildings made with BCCB near the three mines is 6.8 mSv.

关键词：骨煤开采放射性原子核含量

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技术理性在中国——一种对技术理性的后现代解读

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东北大学学报（社会科学版） 2011年第6期13卷 471-476,481页

作者：吕乃基东南大学STS研究中心江苏南京210096

技术理性不只是抽象概念。技术理性是处于特定关系中的三大博弈即人与自然、他人,以及与自身博弈的产物。与自然的博弈具有第一性的地位,与他人特别是消费者的博弈赋予技术理性以价值和方向,与自身博弈遵守规则是题中应有之义。技术理... 详细信息

技术理性不只是抽象概念。技术理性是处于特定关系中的三大博弈即人与自然、他人,以及与自身博弈的产物。与自然的博弈具有第一性的地位,与他人特别是消费者的博弈赋予技术理性以价值和方向,与自身博弈遵守规则是题中应有之义。技术理性与语境相关,与主体相关,是西方文化的产物。中国(基本上)没有技术理性,因而,学界所批判的是中国所不存在的技术理性。

关键词：技术理性语境博弈主体规则后现代

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山东省招远市玲珑地区九曲金矿区采空区深部预测——构造蚀变岩相地质测量与深部找矿

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地质通报 2011年第4期31卷 579-587页

作者：武际春吕古贤任宏山东黄金集团有限公司玲珑金矿山东招远265400 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所北京100081 北京科技大学北京100083

利用采空区的生产资料,开展矿化蚀变带剖面实测,建立石英脉和蚀变岩2种类型金矿的构造蚀变分带关系,形成野外可观察的矿化蚀变图例。通过地表结合井下构造蚀变岩填图,把找矿标志从矿脉和近矿蚀变岩扩大为全部蚀变岩石乃至弱钾化花岗岩,... 详细信息

利用采空区的生产资料,开展矿化蚀变带剖面实测,建立石英脉和蚀变岩2种类型金矿的构造蚀变分带关系,形成野外可观察的矿化蚀变图例。通过地表结合井下构造蚀变岩填图,把找矿标志从矿脉和近矿蚀变岩扩大为全部蚀变岩石乃至弱钾化花岗岩,使找矿预测目标从1~2m扩大到几十米至几百米,扩大了几倍甚至几十倍。用构造蚀变岩相地质测量与深部找矿方法,在山东九曲地区采空区之下预测获得了验证。

关键词：山东招远地区构造蚀变岩相采空区深部找矿

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Evaluating the Validity of a Nitrate Quick Test in Different Chinese Soils

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 623-630页

作者： YuE Xian-lu lI Fei Hu Yun-Cai ZHANG Huai-Zhi ji Hong-jie ZHANG Wei-li u. SCHMIDHAlTER Chair of Plant Nutrition Technische Univcrsitiit Miinchen Emil-Ramann-Str. 2 Freising D-85350 (Germany) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 (China)

Because laboratory tests are expensive and time-consuming and may not be available to farmers, soil nitrate quick tests are required for optimal nitrogen management strategies in China to increase nitrogen use efficiency and to reduce nitrogen losses. A total of 328 soil samples were collected at different soil depths from 225 sites in China, which covered a wide range of climatic and geographic regions, soil types, croplands and soil textures, to evaluate the suitability of a quick reflectometer test method for analysing soil NO3-N in a wide range of soil NO3 concentrations, soil types and cropping systems in China, mainly by comparison of soil NO3-N assessed by a quick-test method （a reflectometer） and a standard laboratory method, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography （HPlC）. The reflectometer showed excellent agreement with the laboratory HPlC method with regard to soil nitrate contents for all analysed soil samples. The linear regression had slopes of 1 ± 0.08 and intercepts of ± 1.38 mg NO（-,3）-N l^（-1） among different soil types and croplands. Compared with the 1：1 lines, the regression analysis for each soil type showed statistically significant but small differences in slope; the relative difference between the values measured using the two analytical systems varied from -8% to 6%, and there were no differences in intercept except for paddy soil. The reflectometer showed adequate, statistically significant precision in determining soil nitrate contents, and it could therefore be directly used instead of the laboratory methods for soil NO（-,3）-N measurement in China.

关键词： dilution N recommendation nitrate test strip reflectometer , soil NO(3,-)-N

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归零:以汶川的名义

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东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2009年第3期11卷 17-19页

作者：吕乃基东南大学科技与社会研究中心江苏南京210096

在汶川地震中,社会回到了自然状态。事实证明,中国人没有与生俱来的劣根性,中国人并不丑陋。在归零的瞬间,中国人向世界展示了比任何一个民族都毫不逊色的高贵的人性。归零的权力得到来自民间的最大拥护和支持,在国际上得到广泛认同,实... 详细信息

在汶川地震中,社会回到了自然状态。事实证明,中国人没有与生俱来的劣根性,中国人并不丑陋。在归零的瞬间,中国人向世界展示了比任何一个民族都毫不逊色的高贵的人性。归零的权力得到来自民间的最大拥护和支持,在国际上得到广泛认同,实际上拥有最大的权力。

关键词：归零汶川地震普世价值

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Projective Dirichlet Boundary Condition with Applications to a Geometric Problem

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2016年第1期32卷 11-24页

作者： Min ji Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Given a domain Ω R^n, let λ 〉 0 be an eigenvalue of the elliptic operator l ：= ∑i,j^n= 1δ/δxi on Ω for Dirichlet condition. For a function f ∈ l2（Ω）, it is known that the linear resonance equation lu ＋ λu = f in Ω with Dirichlet boundary condition is not always solvable. We give a new boundary condition Pλ（u｜δΩ） = g, called to be projective Dirichlet condition, such that the linear resonance equation always admits a unique solution u being orthogonal to all of the eigenfunctions corresponding to λ which satisfies ｜｜u｜｜2,2 ≤ C（｜｜f｜｜2 ＋｜｜g｜｜2,2） under suitable regularity assumptions on δΩ and l, where C is a constant depends only on n, Ω, and l. More a priori estimates, such as W^2~＇P-estimates and the C^2,α-estimates etc., are given also. This boundary condition can be viewed as a generalization of the Dirichlet condition to resonance equations and shows its advantage when applying to nonlinear resonance equations. In particular, this enables us to find the new indicatrices with vanishing mean （Cartan） torsion in Minkowski geometry. It is known that the geometry of indicatries is the foundation of Finsler geometry.

关键词： Elliptic resonance equation nonlinear boundary condition convex indicatrix mean tor-sion

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