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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Meat and Fish Samples from Selected Markets in a Metropolis and District in Ghana

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 675-691页

作者： John Antwi Apenteng Nicholas Agyepong Raymond Ashalley tetteh Jonathan Asante Esther Eyram Asare Yeboah Tracy Turkson emmanuel Sarpong Vera Ampomabea Akoto Theodora Sefa Danquah Department of Pharmaceutical Science School of Pharmacy Central University Accra Ghana Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sunyani Technical University Sunyani Ghana Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy Central University Accra Ghana Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major challenge to the treatment and prevention of infections resulted in high morbidity and mortality globally. The inappropriate or abuse of antibiotics in animal farming is a key factor and thus led to the emergence of bacteria resistance and subsequent transfer of resistance genes to humans through the food chain. This study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from various meat and fish samples and their susceptibility patterns against five commonly used antibiotics in Ghana (Ciprofloxacin 5 μg, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 20/10 μg, Imipenem 10 μg, Tetracycline 30 μg and Ceftazidime 30 μg). A total of 105 meat and fish samples were obtained from Tema and Prampram markets and bacteria isolation was carried out using appropriate selective microbial culture media and various biochemical methods for identification. The susceptibility patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the results were interpreted using the CLSI 2020 guidelines. The results revealed a total of 56 bacterial isolates comprising 14 E. coli (25%) and 42 S. typhi (75%) isolated from the meat and fish samples. The antibiogram study showed a high resistance rate (88.64%) of S. typhi isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline (97.73%). A moderate susceptibility of the isolates was obtained with imipenem (53.27%). All the E. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline (100%) and demonstrated 78.57% and 50% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ceftazidime respectively. A total of 78.57% of the E. coli isolates and 68.18% of S. typhi isolates showed multidrug resistance. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for all the isolates ranged from 0.2 to 1.00 with two S. typhi isolates and one E. coli isolate having a MAR index of 1.00 signifying total resistance to all the 5 antibiotics tested. In conclusion, E. coli and S. typhi isolated from

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi Meat Fish

基于层次分析法的国际企业专利控制能力评价研究

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基于层次分析法的国际企业专利控制能力评价研究

作者： tetteh Gabriel Kwetey 浙江科技学院

学位级别：硕士

In this age in which almost all is powered by technology,intellectual property remains a central cornerstone,but not a means in and of itself,to achieve overall *** a strong system of patent formation,implementation and protection is an absolute necessity for growing investment,protecting markets and enabling the outflow of innovation in the industries.A patent is essentially an inventor’s legal right to prohibit anyone from producing a specific invention or using *** need to develop a formidable patent enforcement capacity that will enforce their core inventions through patent development,application,security,management and other activities in order to prevent other companies from utilizing a particular invention,in order to control the supply and demand of specific goods,eventually affecting and controlling specific competitors in specific regions *** fully investigate,study and analyze the concept of company patent capability control we will peruse the rich academic knowledge from already existing literatures that relate to the topic for great in-depth analysis based on company control capability,company patent capability and company core *** order to construct the evaluation index system this research also uses the Analytical Hierarchy Method（AHP）to calculate the indexes in the design of the assessment index system for the company patent capability *** to be able to rate the value of the indexes,this research uses the Expert Ranking System which means Scholars and related professionals who have in-depth knowledge of intellectual property or rich experience in the practice of patent agencies are the experts chosen and interrogated for the purpose of this *** conclusion this research has established that,every company’s desire is to make profit and profit is produced by entrepreneurship and *** is to suggest that creativity has become the pivot for the survival of *** level of competition in t

关键词：国际企业专利控制能力层次分析法评价指标体系

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基于激光光束强度的稳定系统的研究

基于激光光束强度的稳定系统的研究

作者： Akiti Kenneth tetteh 浙江科技学院

学位级别：硕士

环境因素或电源（如电压或电流源）的波动会显著影响激光输出的强度稳定性。由于这些变化在大多数情况下无法准确预测,甚至无法避免,因此激光束强度中往往会引入一些噪声,从而不断影响激光测量的灵敏度,因此对激光强度稳定系统进行研究... 详细信息

环境因素或电源（如电压或电流源）的波动会显著影响激光输出的强度稳定性。由于这些变化在大多数情况下无法准确预测,甚至无法避免,因此激光束强度中往往会引入一些噪声,从而不断影响激光测量的灵敏度,因此对激光强度稳定系统进行研究具有重要意义。本论文设计、搭建并讨论了一种装置简单、高精度并且高性价比的激光稳定系统。它采用闭环反馈,以及使用比例积分微分（PID）控制器等控制方法来确定激光束强度并使其保持稳定。该系统利用低噪声和高灵敏的光电二极管来检测和测量激光束的强度,然后将其用作在STM32F103微控制器上的PID信号输入,确定误差信号用来控制电压控制型的放大器,然后放大器驱动并控制声光调制器（AOM）的衍射级数,使用了一阶衍射激光束强度反馈来控制闭环系统。实验中测量到闭环系统的响应时间小于13 ms,还分析了会影响激光强度和测量系统的一些典型噪声。实验数据表明,该系统能够实现较高的激光强度输出稳定性,并且实现在环境条件变化的情况下将输出保持在设定值的2%以内。与自由开环系统相比,系统性能获得了较好的提升,提高了用于精确测量的可能性。该系统可以作为一个功能模块集成到更复杂的设备中,并且能够以编程方式更好地控制激光输出。该系统适用于需要激光稳定输出的相关实验研究。相关方法在机械零部件的无损表面检测分析、磁力仪、生物医学检测、液气成分检测测量以及其他精密测量中具有较广的应用。

关键词：激光束强度稳定比例积分微分闭环反馈精密测量

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中国英语媒体中的非洲形象研究

中国英语媒体中的非洲形象研究

作者： tetteh-Richter,Mary 上海外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

在1970年的和1980年代，非洲大陆就涉及到非洲（朱蒂，1998年）如何倾倒他们的负面新闻内容报告时对西方媒体，通信，或传播信息进行了批评，同时坚持为了创造一个和谐的新闻流而坚持积极的新闻报道。然而，在大多数情况下，大多数媒体... 详细信息

在1970年的和1980年代，非洲大陆就涉及到非洲（朱蒂，1998年）如何倾倒他们的负面新闻内容报告时对西方媒体，通信，或传播信息进行了批评，同时坚持为了创造一个和谐的新闻流而坚持积极的新闻报道。然而，在大多数情况下，大多数媒体仍然只是按照处理消息或复制西方的外国新闻的西方潮流，从而保持连接到非洲的负面耻辱。众所周知，中国和非洲以孕育一个稳定的“战略伙伴关系”而出名，这个也产生了主要来自西方国家混合的意见和感受，从而导致的不确定性和中国如何描绘非洲的利益。因此，本文探讨两个领先在中国的英语媒体，新华社和“中国日报”的新闻报道中嵌入帧，旨在揭示中国媒体在非洲的代表性，它是否遵循相同的变化趋势为西方媒体始终对非洲的负面报告。调查结果显示，有相对的平衡，在有关非洲的消极和积极的消息在中国媒体的报道，这是由于长期和稳定的互动关系和中国与非洲国家之间的相互关系的类型。

关键词：框架媒体中国非洲

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公私合营企业的绩效、创新及质量管理分析

公私合营企业的绩效、创新及质量管理分析

作者： ALEXANDER NARH tetteh 中国科学技术大学

学位级别：硕士

公私合营企业(PPP)项目生产力分析是目前研究的焦点问题。本研究调查了为什么不同地理区域的公私合营企业的能动性在实现创新、品质认知度和绩效上存在差异。通过构建一组调查设想,“一家从事废物管理的私有企业在'A'国会运营良好,但是... 详细信息

公私合营企业(PPP)项目生产力分析是目前研究的焦点问题。本研究调查了为什么不同地理区域的公私合营企业的能动性在实现创新、品质认知度和绩效上存在差异。通过构建一组调查设想,“一家从事废物管理的私有企业在'A'国会运营良好,但是,同样的国家同样的任务,在'B'国可能会运营不良。根据调查问卷以及基于以往研究,本研究对475家国有企业、私有企业以及学术界部门者进行了抽样和总结。本研究采用结构方程建模方法(SEM-PLS)进行数据分析。结果表明,以下因棄造成公私合营企业预期能效的显著变化:分别为环境动力,其次是协作能力、环境适应能力和吸收能力。此外,调查结果表明,不能将公私合营企业能效的失败完全归咎于其中一个合作伙伴。然而,基于研究数据,本研究得出的结论是,对公私合营企业生产力影响最大的因素是环境动力,而环境动力是政府活动的结果,因此国有企业可更负有义务。本研究结论也是一些公国有企业技术专家的明确意见,使其更具可信度。

关键词：公私合营企业(PPP) 创新吸收能力协作能力环境适应能力环境动力

Microbiological Quality of Chicken Sold in Accra and Determination of D<sub>10</sub>-Value of <i>E. coli</i>

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 693-698页

作者： Abraham Adu-Gyamfi Wellington Torgby-tetteh Victoria Appiah Department of Nuclear Agriculture and Radiation Processing School of Nuclear And Allied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana Radiation Technology Centre Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Accra Ghana

Chicken is an excellent source of good quality protein, but it is highly susceptible to microbial contamination and often implicated in food borne disease. The microbiological quality of chicken at different retail outlets (supermarkets, local markets and farms) in Accra was investigated, and D10-values of E. coli in refrigerated and frozen retailed chicken was determined. The microbiological quality of chicken was studied by analyzing 27 chicken thigh samples collected from the retail outlets. D10-value of Escherichia coli was determined by using a linear regression model after gamma irradiation of inoculated chicken samples with doses of 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 Gy. Mean total viable counts for the supermarkets, local markets and farms were 6.46, 6.91 and 6.57 log10 cfu/g respectively. Mean total coliform counts for the supermarkets, local markets and farms were 3.80, 3.46 and 3.14 log10 cfu/g respectively and the mean S. aureus counts were also 2.32, 2.28 and 2.70 log10 cfu/g respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mean total viable count, total coliform counts and S. aureus count for the supermarkets, local markets and the farms. Mean counts of E. coli detected at the supermarket, local markets and farms were 1.27, 2.59 and 2.74 log10 cfu/g respectively. Salmonella spp. was detected in 2 out of the 27 samples. Fifty-two percent and 70% of samples respec-tively had total viable counts and total coliform counts within the microbial safety standards. Mean D10E. coli were 0.22 and 0.32 kGy in refrigerated and frozen chicken respectively. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in fresh chicken sold in some retail outlets in Accra was confirmed. Low D10-values of E. coli especially under refrigerated conditions suggest susceptibility to low dose irradiation and possibility of controlling spoilage and pathogenic microflora of fresh poultry.

关键词： Chicken Microbiological Quality Irradiation E. coli D10-Value

Evaluation of the Suitability of Some Cowpea Genotype for Maize-Cowpea Intercrop in Northern Ghana

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1817-1834页

作者： Abeku tetteh Francis Kusi Raphael Adu-Gyamfi Patrick Attamah CSIR-Soil Research Institute Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Bawku Ghana CSIR-Savannah Agricultural Research Institute Upper East Farming System Research Bawku Ghana Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agronomy University for Development Studies Nyankpala Ghana

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI) in collaboration with University of California, Riverside phenotyped 300 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) cowpea population from eight elite cowpea cultivars in Northern Ghana. Among the traits targeted in the phenotyping is extra early maturity suitable for Sudan Savanna agro ecological zone of Ghana. Ten selected extra early genotypes from the MAGIC population were intercropped with maize to identify genotype(s) that can maintain agronomic performances and grain yield. A field experiment was carried out at the Manga Station of SARI, Ghana during the 2018 and 2019 growing season to evaluate the ten extra-early cowpea genotypes in maize/cowpea intercrop. The experimental design used was split plot with three replications. The cropping patterns (row, strip and sole cropping) were assigned to the main plot. Ten cowpea genotypes (MAGIC 008, MAGIC 043, MAGIC 048, MAGIC 055, MAGIC 076, MAGIC 118, MAGIC 154, MAGIC 176, CB27, and SARC 1-57-2) were assigned to sub-plots. The results indicated that the number of seed per pod of the cowpea was not affected by cowpea genotype and intercrop pattern interaction;however, the interaction influenced grain yield, pod per plant, plant height, 50% flowering and 100 seed weight of cowpea. MAGIC genotypes, M008, M048, M055, M154, recorded higher grain yield under both strip intercropping and sole cropping. SARC1-57-2 also recorded the highest grain yield under row intercropping. M048, M055, M076, M176 and SARI’s collection SARC1-57-2 were the top five genotypes in fodder production. Intercropping advantage was compared with sole cropping. Land equivalent ratio greater than 1 was observed for all the genotypes with MAGIC 04

关键词： Cowpea Maize Row Strip Intercropping Monocropping

Microbiological Profile of Some Ghanaian Herbal Preparations—Safety Issues and Implications for the Health Professions

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 121-130页

作者： Joseph A. Ampofo Anthonia Andoh Wilhermina tetteh Mohammed Bello Microbiology Section Environmental Biology and Health Division Water Research Institute Accra Ghana

Thirty-one herbal preparations produced and sold on the Ghanaian market were randomly purchased from sales outlets and analyzed for their microbiological quality by testing for the presence of total coliform bacteria, faecal coliform bac- teria, and total heterotrophic bacteria count. Also tested for was detection of pathogenic bacteria such as the Salmonella spp. and Clostridium spp. Opportunistic bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas spp., Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) and mould were also tested for. The herbal preparations tested came from different processing companies and in- cluded those labeled as suitable for treating arthritis, asthma, anaemia, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, cough, hypertension, dysmenorrhoea, malaria, urine retention and loss of appetite. Aliquots of the various herbal products were cultured on various selective media. Eight (8) of the products showed the presence of all microorganism analyzed for including the pathogenic ones and are recommended not be used. Five (5) of the products did not have any microorganism present. Eleven (11) products showed the presence of only total heterotrophic bacteria and the values ranged from 1 to 94 cfu per ml. These two groups of total of sixteen (16) products can be used without any microbiological risk. Another three (3) products showed presence of only total heterotrophic bacteria but the values ranged from 118 to 1648 cfu per ml. Majority of the herbal preparations showed the presence of pathogenic bacteria. These three products may pose danger to the user can be used with caution. None of the herbal products recorded the presence of Enterococcus spp.

关键词： Herbal Preparations Bacterial Pathogens Opportunistic Pathogens Mould

Urinary Schistosomiasis in Children—Still a Concern in Part of the Ghanaian Capital City

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2013年第3期3卷 151-158页

作者： Patience B. tetteh-Quarcoo Simon K. Attah Eric S. Donkor Marian Nyako Andrew A. Minamor emmanuel Afutu Edward T. Hervie Patrick F. Ayeh-Kumi Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences Accra Ghana Department of Microbiology University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana Department of Science Laboratory Technology Accra Polytechnic Accra Ghana Neglected Tropical Disease Program Disease Control & Prevention Department Ghana Health Service Accra Ghana

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease of the tropics which is estimated to affect up to 300 million people worldwide. While it is being successfully controlled in many countries, it remains a major public health problem, especially in developing countries including Ghana. Extensive work on schistosomiasis has been undertaken along theVoltaRiverbasin, leaving very little data and information on this infection in the urban and peri-urban areas inGhana. This study was aimed at determining the urinary schistosomiasis burden among children of school going age within Zenu, a suburb of the capital city. Urine samples were taken from 274 school children within the Zenu community and examined with urine chemistry dipsticks for detection and confirmation of haematuria, followed by microscopy for detection of Schistosoma haematobium ova. Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 30.7% (95% CI: 25.2-36.2). 44 (52%) of the positive samples were collected from males whiles 40 (48%) were collected from females, but prevalence of the infection was not significantly associated with gender (χ2 = 0.041, DF = 1, P-Value = 0.839). Among the S. haematobium positive children, haematuria was detected by the dipstick in 88.1% (74/84, 95% CI: 81.2- 95.0), but it was not detected in 11.9% (10/84, 95% CI: 5.0-18.8). Meanwhile, the dipstick detected haematuria in 7.3% (20/274, 95% CI: 4.3-7.3) of the total population but microscopy could not detect the presence of Schistosoma ova in those children. An association was found between Schistosoma infection and haematuria detected by dipstick (χ2 = 84.715, DF = 1,

关键词： Schistosomiasis Haematuria Schistosoma haematobium Accra