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Population dynamics, pathogen detection and insecticide resistance of mosquito and sand fly in refugee camps, Greece

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 50-62页

作者： emmanouil alexandras fotakis loannis Apostolou Giantsis Javier Castells Sierra Filianna Tanti Sofia Balaska Konstantinos Mavridis Sofoklis Kourtidis John Vontas Alexandra Chaskopoulou Department of Crop Science Pesticide Science LabAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation for Research and Technology HellasHeraklionCreteGreece European Biological Control Laboratory USDA-ARSThessalonikiGreece Department of Biology National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece General Directorate of Public Health and Social Welfare Region of Central MacedoniaThessalonikiGreece

Background:As of 2015 thousands of refugees are being hosted in temporary refugee camps in Greece.Displaced populations,travelling and living under poor conditions with limited access to healthcare are at a high risk of exposure to vector borne disease(VBD).This study sought to evaluate the risk for VBD transmission within refugee camps in Greece by analyzing the mosquito and sand fly populations present,in light of designing effective and efficient context specific vector and disease control programs.Methods:A vector/pathogen surveillance network targeting mosquitoes and sand flies was deployed in four temporary refugee camps in Greece.Sample collections were conducted bi-weekly during June-September 2017 with the use of Centers for Disease Control(CDC)light traps and oviposition traps.Using conventional and molecular diagnostic tools we investigated the mosquito/sand fly species composition,population dynamics,pathogen infection rates,and insecticide resistance status in the major vector species.Results:Important disease vectors including Anopheles sacharovi,Culex pipiens,Aedes albopictus and the Leishmania vectors Phlebotomus neglectus,P.perfiliewi and P.tobbi were recorded in the study refugee camps.No mosquito pathogens(Plasmodium parasites,flaviviruses)were detected in the analysed samples yet high sand fly Leishmania infection rates are reported.Culex pipiens mosquitoes displayed relatively high knock down resistance(kdr)mutation allelic frequencies(ranging from 41.0 to 63.3%)while kdr mutations were also detected in Ae.albopictus populations,but not in Anopheles and sand fly specimens.No diflubenzuron(DFB)mutations were detected in any of the mosquito species analysed.Conclusions:Important disease vectors and pathogens in vectors(Leishmania spp.)were recorded in the refugee camps indicating a situational risk factor for disease transmission.The Cx.pipiens and Ae.albopictus kdr mutation frequencies recorded pose a potential threat against the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides in these settings.In co

关键词： Refugee camp Mosquito Sand fly Insecticide resistance

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Extending the decision-making process during yellow phase from human drivers to autonomous vehicles:A microsimulation study with safety considerations

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第2期11卷 362-379页

作者： Efthymis Papadopoulos Anastasia Nikolaidou emmanouil Lilis Ioannis Politis Panagiotis Papaioannou Transport Engineering Laboratory School of Civil EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54124Greece

One of the main factors affecting the safety of signalised intersections is the stop/go behaviour during the yellow interval.Although previous research has exhaustively examined drivers’stop/go decision-making,the expected autonomous vehicles’(AVs’)stop/go behaviour has not yet been thoroughly investigated.Through a series of simulation experiments developed for conventional and autonomous vehicles using different carfollowing,lane-changing,lateral placement and stop/go model parameter values,we examine here whether the default VISSIM stop/go parameter values can adequately replicate the observed drivers’behaviour at the considered intersection and assess the suitability of using the currently available options,albeit referring to human drivers,to simulate the expected stop/go behaviour of AVs.We also propose a policy framework for determining the desired behaviour of AVs in yellow interval,which is integrated into an AVs logic and achieved in the last simulation to explore the effect of automation on the stop/go outcome and,hence,on the safety level of signalised intersections.Several data analysis and modeling techniques were used for the formulation of certain scenarios,including binary choice models.The default stop/go parameter values were found unfit to replicate the observed stop/go behaviour and subjected to calibration.Compared to the currently available options,the proposed AVs logic proved to produce the most accurate results,in terms of the stop/go simulation outcome.Regarding the impact of automation on the stop/go outcome,the simulation experiments showed that AVs preferred a more conservative behaviour in favor of road safety,as indicated by the significant reduction(≈15%)in the number of vehicles crossing the stop line during the yellow light and zero instances of red light violation.However,compared to the conservative drivers represented by the default stop/go parameter values,AVs preferred a more rational behaviour in favor of intersection capacity without compromising road safety.

关键词： Driver behaviour AVs behaviour Signalised intersection Choice model Micro-simulation Policy framework

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Liver disease in patients with transfusion-dependentβ-thalassemia:The emerging role of metabolism dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 671-677页

作者： Nikolaos Fragkou Efthimia Vlachaki Ioannis Goulis emmanouil Sinakos 4^(th)Department of Internal Medicine Hippokratio HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece 2^(nd)Department of Internal Medicine Hippokratio HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

In this Editorial,we highlight the possible role that metabolism dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)may play in the future,regarding liver disease in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia(TDBT).MASLD is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver(hepatic steatosis),in the presence of cardiometabolic factors.There is a strong correlation between the occurrence of MASLD and insulin resistance,while its increased prevalence parallels the global epidemic of diabetes mellitus(DM)and obesity.Patients with TDBT need regular transfusions for life to ensure their survival.Through these transfusions,a large amount of iron is accumulated,which causes saturation of transferrin and leads to the circulation of free iron molecules,which cause damage to vital organs(primarily the liver and myocardium).Over the past,the main mechanisms for the development of liver disease in these patients have been the toxic effect of iron on the liver and chronic hepatitis C,for which modern and effective treatments have been found,resulting in successful treatment.Additional advances in the treatment and monitoring of these patients have led to a reduction in deaths,and an increase in their life expectancy.This increased survival makes them vulnerable to the onset of diseases,which until recently were mainly related to the non-thalassemic general population,such as obesity and DM.There is insufficient data in the literature regarding the prevalence of MASLD in this population or on the risk factors for its occurrence.However,it was recently shown by a study of 45 heavily transfused patients with beta-thalassemia(Padeniya et al,BJH),that the presence of steatosis is a factor influencing the value of liver elastography and thus liver fibrosis.These findings suggest that future research in the field of liver disease in patients with TDBT should be focused on the occurrence,the risk factors,and the effect of MASLD on these patients.

关键词： Metabolism dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Transfusion-dependent thalassemia Metabolic syndrome Hepatic steatosis Non-invasive markers Liver fibrosis

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Dynamics of a Quantum Dissipative System Coupled with an Oscillator

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1472-1491页

作者： emmanouil George Thrapsaniotis Athens Greece

We study the dynamics of a quantum dissipative system. Besides its linear coupling with a harmonic bath modelling the dissipation, we suppose that it is coupled with an oscillator with an interaction of the form s 2 x 2 . In our study, we integrate over the bath and the oscillator, extract the corresponding influence functionals and then solve the system’s sign problem. We apply the theory to the case of a double well and study the time evolution of the expectation value of the position.

关键词： Double Well Harmonic Bath Oscillator Influence Functional Sign Solved Propagator Position

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Benefits of Dielectric Oil Regeneration Systems in Power Transmission Networks: A Case Study

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 20-29页

作者： emmanouil D. Fylladitakis Savvas Katemliadis Ioanna Pantelaki Department of Electric & Electronic Engineering University of West Attica Aegaleo Greece Supply Chain Department Independent Power Transmission Operator Athens Greece Department of Transmission System Maintenance Chemistry Laboratory Independent Power Transmission Operator Athens Greece

The criticality of transformers and reactors in the power transmission network and the paramount importance of ensuring their reliability through maintenance of the insulating oil is known. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the efficacy and economic viability of a dielectric oil regeneration system, as implemented by the Transmission System Maintenance Department (TSMD) of the Independent Power Transmission Operator (IPTO), Greece’s sole transmission operator. Through a detailed chemical analysis and performance evaluation, we assess the impact of the regeneration system on treated insulating oil quality over multiple cycles. The study reveals that the electrical properties of the insulating oil are fully restored after regeneration, negating the need to fully replace it, while the investment becomes cost-neutral within weeks from the commissioning of the regeneration system. This economic analysis, coupled with the system’s environmental benefits of reducing waste oil generation, positions the dielectric oil regeneration system as a compelling solution for the maintenance of power transmission assets.

关键词： Insulating Oil Regeneration Transformer Maintenance Economic Analysis Preventive Maintenance Case Study

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Interdepartmental miscommunication regarding radiology:Addressing chronic challenges and exploring solutions

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第5期16卷 109-114页

作者： Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis emmanouil Karofylakis Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger Spyridon Prountzos Evgenia Efthymiou George Samonis Christos Koutserimpas Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece The Second Department of Radiology General University Hospital“Attikon”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensChaidari 12462Greece Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Department of Medicine University of CreteHeraklionCrete 71500Greece The First Department of Oncology Metropolitan HospitalNeon FalironAthens 18547Greece Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department FIFA Medical Centre of ExcellenceCroix-Rousse HospitalLyon University HospitalLyon 69004France Department of Anatomy National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,potentially undermining the quality of healthcare services provided.In the same manner,communication barriers between referring physicians and radiologists can specifically affect radiology services and patient outcomes.This article attempts to put the spotlight on the ever-present chronic challenges of this issue and prompt readers to recognize the relevant potential pitfalls in their daily clinical practice.Practical solutions are explored and proposed,which should be tailored to the specific needs and issues that each individual institution may face.

关键词： Radiology Miscommunication Collaboration Barriers Solutions Patient care Healthcare services Referring physician Challenges Medical

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Comparison of Oral Manifestations in Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Patients and COVID-19 Negative Dental Outpatients. A Case Series Study and Literature Review

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第3期13卷 225-250页

作者： Flora Zervou-Valvi emmanouil M. Valvis Angeliki Giannopoulou Eleana Stoufi Charilaos Samaras Olga Spiropoulou Antonia Hadjicosta Smaragda Diamanti Asklepieion Voulas’ General Hospital Athens Greece School of Dentistry European University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease, also named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can cause various systemic manifestations that pose a threat to human life. Oral lesions in patients with COVID-19 may appear during or after the illness and may or may not be a consequence of the viral infection. Objective: In this case series we compare the oral manifestations in hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients and COVID-19 negative dental outpatients. Methods: 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 41 control patients, were examined for oral signs and symptoms. The controls were dental patients who visited the hospital for dental care without complaining of any problems related to the oral cavity itself. Results: We have observed a strong association between certain clinical findings and COVID-19, including alterations in taste (ageusia, dysgeusia, and hypogeusia), anosmia, hairy tongue, tongue imprints, red tongue, erythematous candidiasis, pseudomembranous candidiasis, and exfoliative cheilitis. A trend but not statistically significant association at the level of 5% was also noted for colored tongue, linea alba, and pale mucosa. On the contrary, fissured tongue and oral mucosa pigmentation were more frequent in the controls, statistically significant at the level of 5%. Conclusion: COVID-19 has been found to impact the oral cavity, resulting in various oral lesions that can be attributed to either the direct action of the virus or the patient’s immune response.

关键词： Case Series COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Oral Lesions/Manifestations Hospitalized Patients Control/Dental Patients

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Pharmacotherapy for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 965-971页

作者： emmanouil S.Koullias John Koskinas 2nd Department of Internal Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensHippokration General HospitalAthensGreece

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and diabetes mellitus type 2 commonly coexist as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome.The presence of diabetes promotes the progression of simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)and cirrhosis,and the presence of NAFLD increases the risk of diabetic complications.This coexistence affects a large part of the population,imposing a great burden on health care systems worldwide.Apart from diet modification and exercise,recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes offer new prospects regarding liver steatosis and steatohepatitis improvement,enriching the existing algorithm and supporting a multifaceted approach to diabetic patients with fatty liver disease.These agents mainly include members of the families of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors.In addition,agents acting on more than one receptor simultaneously are presently under study,in an attempt to further enhance our available options.

关键词： NAFLD/NASH Diabetes mellitus type 2 Steatosis SGLT2 GLP1

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Gut microbiome dysbiosis in the setting of solid organ transplantation:What we have gleaned from human and animal studies

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第7期12卷 157-162页

作者： Aparna Sharma emmanouil Giorgakis Department of Nephrology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72223United States Department of Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72223United States

The human gut microbiome refers to all of the microorganisms present throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract.Gut flora influence host metabolic and immune processes in myriad ways.They also play an important role in maturation and modulation of the immune system.Dysbiosis or a pathologic alteration in gut flora has been implicated in a number of diseases ranging from metabolic,autoimmune and degenerative.Whether dysbiosis has similar implications in organ transplant has been the focus of a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies.Researchers have observed significant microbiome changes after solid organ transplantation in humans that have been associated with clinical outcomes such as post-transplant urinary tract infections and diarrhea.In this article,we will discuss the available data regarding pathologic alterations in gut microbiome(dysbiosis)in solid organ transplant recipients as well as some of challenges in this field.We will also discuss animal studies focusing on mouse models of transplantation that shed light on the underlying mechanisms that explain these findings.

关键词： Dysbiosis Gut microbiome Innate immunity Short chain fatty acids Toll like receptors Tolerance

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Abnormal gait and hypoglycorrhachia in a toddler with seizures

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Pediatric Investigation 2022年第1期6卷 47-49页

作者： Maria Angeli Eleni Vergadi Georgios Niotakis Maria Raissaki emmanouil Galanakis Department of Paediatrics University General Hospital of HeraklionSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklionGreece Paediatric Neurology Clinic Venizeleion General HospitalHeraklionGreece Department of Radiology University General Hospital of HeraklionSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklionGreece

Introduction:Glucose transporter type 1(Glut1)deficiency syndrome is a treatable neurometabolic disorder characterized by seizures,developmental delay,and hypoglycorrhachia.Due to the rareness and non-specific clinical manifestations,it is usually mis-or underdiagnosed.Case presentation:We report the case of a toddler who presented with afebrile epileptic seizures and abnormal gait.Brain imaging and electroencephalogram were normal.Further investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed hypoglycorrhachia that was the clue to the diagnosis of Glut1 deficiency syndrome and the initiation of treatment with ketogenic diet.Conclusion:Our case highlights the importance of lumbar puncture while investigating a child with epileptic seizures and abnormal gait or developmental delay,in order not to miss treatable neurometabolic conditions,such as Glut1 deficiency syndrome.

关键词： Epilepsy Glut1 deficiency Developmental delay Ataxia Hypoglycorrhachia

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