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Methane cracking in molten tin for hydrogen and carbon production—a comparison with homogeneous gas phase process

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 155-166页

作者： emmanuel Busillo Benedetta de Caprariis Maria Paola Bracciale Vittoria Cosentino Martina Damizia Gaetano Iaquaniello emma Palo Paolo De Filippis Chemical Engineering Department Sapienza University of RomeRome 00184Italy NextChem S.p.A. Rome 00156Italy

Methane cracking is considered a bridge technology between gray and green hydrogen production *** this work an experimental study of methane cracking in molten tin is *** tests were conducted in a quartz reactor(i.d.=1.5 cm,l=20 cm)with capillary injection,varying temperature(950–1070°C),inlet methane flow rate(30–60 ml·min^(-1))and tin height(0–20 cm).The influence of the residence time in the tin and in the headspace on methane conversion and on carbon morphology was *** conversions obtained in tin and in the empty reactor were measured and compared with results of detailed kinetic simulations(CRECK).Furthermore,an expression of a global kinetic constant for methane conversion in tin was also *** highest conversion(65%at Q0=30 ml·min^(-1) and t=1070°C)is obtained for homogeneous gas phase reaction due to the long residence time(70 s),the presence of tin leads to a sharp decrease of residence time(1 s),obtaining a conversion of 35%at 1070°C,thus meaning that tin owns a role in the *** characterization(scanning electron microscopy,Raman)reported a change in carbon toward sheet-like structures and an increase of the carbon structural order in the presence of molten tin media.

关键词： methane cracking molten media H2 production carbon morphology

Evaluation of a complex couplet care intervention in a neonatal intensive care unit:A mixed methods study protocol

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第2期8卷 139-148页

作者： Michella Bjerregaard Anna Axelin emma louise Malchau Carlsen Hans Okkels Birk Ingrid Poulsen Patrick Palisz Thomas Kallemose Anne Brødsgaard Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Amager HvidovreHvidovreDenmark Department of Public Health Faculty of HealthResearch Unit for Nursing and HealthcareUniversity of AarhusAarhusDenmark Department of Nursing Science University of TurkuTurkuFinland Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Public Health Section of Health Service ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of People and Technology Roskilde UniversityRoskildeDenmark Department of Clinical Research Copenhagen University Hospital Amager HvidovreHvidovreDenmark Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Copenhagen University Hospital Amager HvidovreHvidovreDenmark

Background:Families with an infant in need of intensive care most often experience a harmful separation after *** is due to a division of medical specialties into neonatal care and maternal ***,a couplet care intervention is implemented for mother-infant dyads in a neonatal intensive care *** study protocol provides a comprehensive evaluation of the *** aim is to evaluate the effect and implementation of a complex couplet care intervention to promote zero separation between mother and ***:The couplet care intervention is a family-centered model of care,where treatment-requiring mother-infant dyads will be admitted together and receive couplet care by neonatal *** study adheres to the framework of the Medical Research Council and will use a mixed methods embedded design comprising a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative process ***,a health economic evaluation will be conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of this complex couplet care ***:Separation of mother-infant dyads after birth has an adverse impact on family health and *** study protocol evaluates a complex couplet care *** this study,a first step is taken to help bridge the gap between current practices and a new care model to prevent the separation of mothers and their infants.

关键词： Complex interventions Couplet care Family-centered care Neonatology Zero separation

Hypo-activity induced skeletal muscle atrophy and potential nutritional interventions: A review

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World Journal of Translational Medicine 2013年第3期2卷 36-48页

作者： emma l bostock Christopher I Morse Keith Winwood Islay Mc Ewan Gladys l Onambélé-Pearson Institute for Performance Research Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Crewe CW1 5DU United Kingdom

Periods of hypo-activity result in profound changes in skeletal muscle morphology and strength. This review primarily addresses the differential impact of de-training, bed-rest, limb immobilisation and unilateral lower limb suspension on muscle morphology, strength and fatigability. The degree of muscle atrophy differs depending on the hypo-activity model and the muscles in question, with the leg and postural muscles being the most susceptible to atrophy. Hypo-activity also results in the dramatic loss of strength that often surpasses the loss of muscle mass, and consequently, the nervous system and contractile properties adapt to adjust for this excessive loss of strength. In addition, the degree of muscle strength loss is different depending on the hypo-activity model, with immobilisation appearing to have a greater impact on strength than unloaded models. There is a step-wise difference in the magnitude of muscle loss so that, even after accounting for differential durations of interventions immobilisation ≥ unilateral lower limb suspension ≥ bed-rest ≥ de-training. Muscle fatigability varies between hypoactivity models but the results are equivocal and thismay be due to task-specific adaptations. This review also addresses potential nutritional interventions for attenuating hypo-activity induced muscle atrophy and strength declines, in the absence of exercise. Essential amino acid supplementation stands as a strong candidate but other supplements are good contenders for attenuating hypo-activity induced atrophy and strength losses. Several potential nutritional supplements are highlighted that could be used to combat muscle atrophy but extensive research is needed to determine the most effective.

关键词： Immobilisation Disuse Muscle size Muscle strength Nutrition supplementation Muscle fatigability

Synaptopathy in CHMP2B frontotemporal dementia highlights the synaptic vesicle cycle as a therapeutic target

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 315-316页

作者： Miranda Robbins emma l.Clayton MRC laboratory of Molecular Biology Department of Zoology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College london Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience InstituteLondonUK

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(AlS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD)are both devastating neurodegenerative *** affecting different regions of the nervous system(FTD affecting primarily the frontal and temporal lobes,whilst AlS presents with motor neuron loss),there is significant overlap between these conditions in terms of genetics,pathology,and disease mechanisms,and they are therefore often grouped as a spectrum of symptoms under the heading FTD/AlS(Abramzon et al.,2020).Significantly,there is currently no cure for AlS or ***,recent mechanistic insight points to a novel pathway to target for potential therapeutic intervention.

关键词： therapeutic pathology

On a Generalized Centralizer Ring of a Finite Group Which Det ermines the Group

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Algebra Colloquium 2019年第1期26卷 31-50页

作者： emma l. Rode Department of Mathematics Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA

The k-characters are class functions on subsets of G^k called the k-classes of G. For a finite group G, the k-class sums form a basis for a subring of CG^k, which we call the k-S-ring of G、and we think of these rings as generalized centralizer rings. We show that for a finite group G the 3-S-ring determines G. More specifically, the group characters and set products of certain 3-classes of G, which we call “uniform 3-classes", determine G.

关键词： S-ring fc-class centralizer ring

Confusion over Cold Fusion: A Possible Explanation

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第12期10卷 3524-3529页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi emma l. Schultz-Stachnik Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha USA

The famous 1989 “cold fusion” experiment of Fleischmann and Pons is revisited and the results are discussed. It is shown that these results, which were attributed to nuclear fusion near or at room temperature but were never validated in any other environment, can be explained by presence of radon gas in the laboratory where the experiments were performed.

关键词： Cold Fusion Fleischmann and Pons Experiment Radon Gas

Effects of l-arginine,guanidinoacetic acid and l-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 225-234页

作者： Hiep Thi Dao Amy F.Moss emma J.Bradbury Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia Faculty of Animal Science Vietnam National University of AgricultureTrau Quy TownGia Lam DistrictHanoi100000Vietnam Baiada Poultry Pty limited Pendle HillNew South Wales2145Australia

The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying *** study was implemented to determine the effects of l-arginine(Arg),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),and l-citrulline(Cit)supplementation to Argdeficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology,strength,and mineralization status of laying *** housed Hy-line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of *** consisted of a standard protein diet(17%crude protein,SP),a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg(13%crude protein,RP),and RP supplemented with Arg(0.35%Arg,RP-Arg),GAA(0.46%GAA equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-GAA),or Cit(0.35%Cit equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-Cit)to reach the Arg level of SP *** fed the SP diet had similar bone weight,ash,length,width,Seedor index,breaking strength,and serum mineral concentration,but higher toe B level(Plso excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet(Plower Cu digestibility(P=0.01)and higher B retention(Plative femur weight and length(Plline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash,and Zn digestibility(Plementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca,P,and Mg levels,decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level,but increased Al,Fe,Zn,and Mn digestibility(Playing hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral ***,bone morphology and breaking strength,and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP *** Arg,GAA,or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and

关键词： Ash Breaking strength Femur low protein Minerals Digestibility

Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第3期13卷 260-271页

作者： Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann emma l Redman David R Webb emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant Diabetes Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom The Hanning Sleep laboratory University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research CentreLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom leicester Diabetes Centre University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East MidlandsLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Diabetes University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerby DE223NEUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger *** To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with *** A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 *** and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood *** and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk *** A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in *** diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older *** results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other *** age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and *** The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardi

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Early-onset adult type 2 diabetes Age of onset Cardiovascular risk Young adults Glycaemic control Obesity

Researching social innovation:is the tail wagging the dog?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第1期9卷 77-81页

作者： emma l.M.Rhule Pascale A.Allotey United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Background:Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health *** sustainable change to occur,we need to understand how and why a given intervention is *** together communities,innovators,researchers,and policy makers is a powerful way to address this knowledge gap but differing priorities and epistemological backgrounds can make collaboration *** text:To overcome these barriers,stakeholders will need to design policies and work in ways that provide an enabling environment for innovative products and *** about people,the incorporation of community engagement approaches is necessary for both the development of social innovations and accompanying research *** the'appropriate'level of participation is linked to intended outcomes,researchers have a role to play in better understanding how to harness the power of community engagement and to ensure that community perspectives form part of the evidence base that informs policy and ***:To effectively operate at the intersection between policy,social innovation,and research,all collaborators need to enter the process with the mindset of learners,rather than ***-quantitative and qualitative-must be selected according to research *** fields of implementation research,community-based participatory research,and realist research,amongst others,have much to *** do other sectors,notably education and *** all this,researchers must assume the mantel of responsibility for research and not transfer the onus to communities under the guise of *** leveraging the expertise and knowledge of different ecosystem actors,we can design responsive health systems that integrate innovative approaches in ways that are greater than the sum of their parts.

关键词： Social innovation Health systems Mixed methods Participation Community engagement Policymaker Implementation research