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The Representation of Soil Moisture−Atmosphere Feedbacks across the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2063-2081页

作者： joshua TALIB Omar V.MÜLLER emma j.barton Christopher M.TAYLOR Pier Luigi VIDALE U.K.Centre of Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordOX108BBU.K. National Centre for Atmospheric Science ReadingRG66BBU.K. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático(CEVARCAM)Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias HídricasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina National Centre for Earth Observation WallingfordOX108BBU.K. Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReadingRG66BBU.K.

Thermal processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)influence atmospheric conditions on regional and global *** this,previous work has shown that soil moisture−driven surface flux variations feed back onto the *** soil moisture is a source of atmospheric predictability,no study has evaluated soil moisture−atmosphere coupling on the TP in general circulation models(GCMs).In this study,we use several analysis techniques to assess soil moisture−atmosphere coupling in CMIP6 simulations including:instantaneous coupling indices;analysis of flux and atmospheric behaviour during dry spells;and a quantification of the preference for convection over drier *** these metrics we partition feedbacks into their atmospheric and terrestrial *** with previous global studies,we conclude substantial inter-model differences in the representation of soil moisture−atmosphere coupling,and that most models underestimate such *** on dry spell analysis,most models underestimate increased sensible heat during periods of rainfall *** example,the model-mean bias in anomalous sensible heat flux is 10 W m−2(≈25%)smaller compared to *** dry-spell sensible heat fluxes lead to a weaker atmospheric *** also find that most GCMs fail to capture the negative feedback between soil moisture and deep *** poor simulation of feedbacks in CMIP6 experiments suggests that forecast models also struggle to exploit soil moisture−driven *** improve the representation of land−atmosphere feedbacks requires developments in not only atmospheric modelling,but also surface processes,as we find weak relationships between rainfall biases and coupling indexes.

关键词： model evaluation land-atmosphere feedbacks Tibetan Plateau precipitation surface energy balance

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A photogrammetric approach for quantifying the evolution of rock joint void geometry under varying contact states

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第4期34卷 461-477页

作者： Rui Yong Changshuo Wang Nick barton Shigui Du Institute of Rock Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Nick barton&Associates Fjordveien 65cHøvik 1363Norway

Accurate measurement of the evolution of rock joint void geometry is essential for comprehending the distribution characteristics of asperities responsible for shear and seepage ***,existing techniques often require specialized equipment and skilled operators,posing practical *** this study,a cost-effective photogrammetric approach is ***,local coordinate systems are established to facilitate the alignment and precise quantification of the relative position between two halves of a rock ***/pull tests are conducted on rock joints with varying roughness levels to induce different contact states.A high-precision laser scanner serves as a benchmark for evaluating the photogrammetry *** certain deviations exist,the measured evolution of void geometry is generally consistent with the qualitative findings of previous *** photogrammetric measurements yield comparable accuracy to laser scanning,with maximum errors of 13.2%for aperture and 14.4%for void *** joint matching coefficient(jMC)measurement errors are below 20%.Larger measurement errors occur primarily in highly mismatched rock joints with jMC values below 0.2,but even in cases where measurement errors exceed 80%,the maximum jMC error is only ***,the proposed photogrammetric approach holds promise for widespread application in void geometry measurements in rock joints.

关键词： Rock joint Void geometry evolution Photogrammetry Aperture Void volume joint matching coefficient

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Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites:Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 363-377页

作者： emma j.STOKES Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronxNew YorkUSA

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95%over the past *** the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source *** 2008-2010,standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring(LEM)was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement ***-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance,although,until recently,it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation *** present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST,a computerized management information system for ranger-based data *** framework addresses many of the technical,practical and institutional challenges involved in the design,implementation,sustainability and evaluation of *** of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts,to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to *** combined with independent,systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey,LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.

关键词： law enforcement monitoring MIST protected areas protection tigers

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Enabling Technologies for Autonomous Robotic Systems in Manufacturing

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2024年第4期41卷 403-431页

作者： ERDŐS Gábor ABAI Kristóf BEREGI Richárd CSEMPESZ jános CSERTEG Tamás GODÓGábor HAjÓS Mátyás HÁY Borbála HORVÁTH Dániel HORVÁTH Gergely jUNIKIÁdám KEMÉNY Zsolt KOVÁCS András NACSA jános PANITI Imre PEDONE Gianfranco TAKÁCS emma TIPARY Bence ZAHORÁN László VÁNCZA józsef Institute for Computer Science and Control Hungarian Research Network(HUN-REN SZTAKI)BudapestHungary Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology Budapest University of Technology and Economics(BME)BudapestHungary EPIC InnoLabs Nonprofit Ltd. BudapestHungary Eötvös Loránd University(ELTE) BudapestHungary

Research of autonomous manufacturing systems is motivated both by the new technical possibilities of cyber-physical systems and by the practical needs of the *** operation in semi-structured industrial environments can now be supported by advanced sensor technologies,digital twins,artificial intelligence and novel communication *** enable real-time monitoring of production processes,situation recognition and prediction,automated and adaptive(re)planning,teamwork and performance improvement by *** paper summarizes the main requirements towards autonomous industrial robotics and suggests a generic workflow for realizing such *** case studies will be presented from recent practice at HUN-REN SZTAKI in a broad range of domains such as assembly,welding,grinding,picking and placing,and *** various solutions have in common that they use a generic digital twin concept as their *** making general recommendations for realizing autonomous robotic solutions in the industry,open issues for future research will be discussed.

关键词： industrial robotics autonomy digital twin enabling technology

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Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 806-813页

作者： Claire Stenhouse emma Hurst Richard j.Mellanby Cheryl j.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK Current Affiliation Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843‑2471USA Clinical Sciences Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian ***,the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D sta-tus throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and *** abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC–MS/MS at gestational days(GD)18,30,45,60 and 90(n=5–11 gilts/GD).Maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased between GD18 and GD30(P<0.05).The relationship between maternal vitamin D metabolite concentrations and litter characteristics of interest including gilt weight,ovulation rate,mean litter weight,number of live foetuses,percentage prenatal survival,and sex ratio of the litter was *** 25(OH)D(P=0.059)concentrations tended to be positively associated with percentage prenatal survival on *** GD90,maternal 25(OH)D(P<0.05)concentrations were inversely associated with gilt *** plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of male foetuses in the litter on GD90(P<0.05).This study has provided novel insights into temporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout ges-tation and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and the economically important litter characteristics of gilt weight,percentage prenatal survival and percentage of male foetuses in the *** the understanding of the role of vitamin D across important developmental timepoints in relation to foetal growth is essential to improve reproductive success in livestock species.

关键词： Porcine Pregnancy Vitamin D

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改进烯烃厂热回收的节能工艺

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齐鲁石油化工 1989年第5期17卷 55-57页

作者： j.barton 荣德显

1.前言在许多国家,一般都是通过石脑油或者重柴油热裂解制取用于聚合的乙烯和丙烯。热裂解反应是在800到850℃的温度下进行.在乙烯装置中,从热裂解气中回收热量的最普通的方案如图1所示。

关键词：烯烃厂热回收节能

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提高舒适性的吸湿整理

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国外纺织技术（纺织针织服装化纤染整） 2003年第4期 26-28页

作者： j.barton 刘玉莉

近期,研究人员已经开发出了多种'微气候调节'整理产品.生产商已经意识到了消费者对具有户外和运动功能的休闲服装的要求,所以不断投入资金进行新品开发,以满足消费者对舒适性越来越高的要求.

关键词：舒适性吸湿整理织物合成纤维运动服微气候调节整理

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Does the scent of a potential mate prevent the resorption of oocytes by apoptosis in Nauphoeta cinerea？

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Insect Science 2009年第5期16卷 393-398页

作者： emma L. B. Barrett Allen j. Moore Patricia j. Moore Centre for Ecology and Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn Cornwall UK

We expect organisms to have evolved mechanisms to gather and use the information available within their environments, to steer resource investment decisions toward the traits that will give the greatest fitness returns. Pheromones are social signals, a common purpose of which is to act as indicators of mate presence. Consequently, pheromones have the potential to act as signals to increase or maintain reproductive investment over that of competing life-history traits. In the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea （Oliver）, females pay costs of maintaining investment in reproduction when there are no males, and males produce pheromones that are known to effect female reproductive outcomes. Whether the pheromones have an influence on resource physiology is unknown. We subjected newly eclosed females to either a synthetic blend of male pheromones or control. We dissected females at 7, 12, 17 or 22 days. We measured apoptosis levels and size of all oocytes within the vitellerium, and measured dry fat body mass. Synthetic male pheromone blend did not have an effect on any measure of female reproductive or somatic resource physiology. Although negative results are always problematic, the success of the synthetic pheromone method in the past suggests that females may be insensitive to male pheromones in the pre-oviposition period, and may rely on mating stimulus rather than pheromone as the cue for oocyte maintenance and growth. Previous studies reporting effects of male pheromones on female reproduction suggest that the period of pheromone sensitivity may be between mating and birth.

关键词： apoptosis environment oocyte ovary pheromone predictable trade-off

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An assessment of African lion Panthera leo sociality via social network analysis： prerelease monitoring for an ex situ reintroduction program

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 301-311页

作者： emma j. DUNSTON jackie ABEL Rebecca E. DOYLE jacqui KIRK Victoria B. HILLEY Andrew FORSYTH emma jENKINS Rafael FREIRE School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia Social and Conservation Psycology Coventry University Coventry CV1 5FB UK African Lion & Environmental Research Trust Melrose Farm Livingstone 23345 Zambia Animal Welfare Science Centre The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia African Lion & Environmental Research Trust Antelope Park Gweru Midlands Zimbabwe Siyafunda The Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve Harmony 27 Hoedspruit 0895 South Africa

The wild population of the African lion Panthera leo continues to decline, requiring alternate conservation programs to be considered. One such program is ex situ reintroduction. Prior to release, longterm monitoring and assessment of behavior is required to determine whether prides and coalitions behave naturally and are sufficiently adapted to a wild environment. Social network analysis （SNA） can be used to provide insight into how the pride as a whole and individuals within it, function. Our study was conducted upon 2 captive-origin prides who are part of an ex situ reintroduction program, and 1 wild pride of African lion. Social interactions were collected at all occurrence for each pride and categorized into greet, social grooming, play, and aggression. Betweenness centrality showed that offspring in each pride were central to the play network, whereas degree indicated that adults received （indegree） the greatest number of overall social interactions, and the adult males of each pride were least likely to initiate （outdegree） any interactions. Through the assessment of individual centrality and degree values, a social keystone adult female was identified for each pride. Social network results indicated that the 2 captive-origin prides had formed cohesive social units and possessed relationships and behaviors comparable with the wild pride for the studied behaviors. This study provided the first SNA comparison between captive-bred origin and a wild pride of lions, providing valuable information on individual and pride sociality, critical for determining the success of prides within an ex situ reintroduction program.

关键词： African lion Panthera leo conservation ex situ reintroduction social interactions.

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Mercury photoreduction and photooxidation in lakes：Effects of filtration and dissolved organic carbon concentration

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 151-159页

作者： Nelson j.O’Driscoll emma Vost Erin Mann Sara Klapstein Robert Tordon Matthew Lukeman Department of Earth & Environmental Science Acadia University Wolfville B4P 2R6 Nova Scotia Canada Environment Canada Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada Department of Chemistry Acadia University Wolfville B4P 2R6 Nova Scotia Canada

Mercury is a globally distributed, environmental contaminant. Quantifying the retention and loss of mercury is integral for predicting mercury-sensitive ecosystems. There is little information on how dissolved organic carbon（DOC） concentrations and particulates affect mercury photoreaction kinetics in freshwater lakes. To address this knowledge gap,samples were collected from ten lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia（DOC： 2.6–15.4 mg/L）. Filtered（0.2 μm） and unfiltered samples were analysed for gross photoreduction, gross photooxidation, and net reduction rates of mercury using pseudo first-order curves. Unfiltered samples had higher concentrations（p = 0.04） of photoreducible divalent mercury（Hg（II）RED）（mean of 754 ± 253 pg/L） than filtered samples（mean of 482 ± 206 pg/L）;however, gross photoreduction and photooxidation rate constants were not significantly different in filtered or unfiltered samples in early summer. DOC was not significantly related to gross photoreduction rate constants in filtered（R2= 0.43; p = 0.08） and unfiltered（R2= 0.02; p = 0.71） samples; DOC was also not significantly related to gross photooxidation rate constants in filtered or unfiltered samples. However, DOC was significantly negatively related with Hg（Ⅱ）RED in unfiltered（R2= 0.53; p = 0.04）, but not in filtered samples（R2= 0.04;p = 0.60）. These trends indicate that DOC is a factor in determining dissolved mercury photoreduction rates and particles partially control available Hg（Ⅱ）RED in lake water. This research also demonstrates that within these lakes gross photoreduction and photooxidation processes are close to being in balance. Changes to catchment inputs of particulate matter and DOC may alter mercury retention in these lakes and could partially explain observed increases of mercury accumulation in biota.

关键词： Mercury Photoreduction Photooxidation Dissolved organic carbon(DOC) Particulates Kejimkujik National Park

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