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Inflammatory response to coronary artery bypass surgery: Does the heme-oxygenase-1 gene microsatellite polymorphism play a role?

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第15期118卷 1285-1290页

作者： LI Ping Jules Sanders emma hawe David Brull Hugh Montgomery Steve Humphries Cardiovascular Department Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang 330006 China Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics British Heart Foundation Laboratories Department of Medicine Royal Free ＆ University College London Medical School Rayne Building 5 University Street London WC1E 6JF UK

Background Heme-oxygenase 1 （HO-1） is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme to bilirubin, ferritin and carbon monoxide （CO） and may have significant anti-inflammatory function. The HO-1 gene promoter region shows microsatellite polymorphism with different （GT）n repeats, reported to differently induce gene expression, with the short allele associated with higher gene expression. We measured the acute inflammatory response using coronary artery bypass surgery （CABG） as a well-characterized and uniform stimulus and examined the correlation between levels of IL-6, C-reactive protein （CRP） and fibrinogen and their relationship to HO-1 genotype. Methods Two hundred and seventy-five consecutive patients undergoing CABG were genotyped for the HO-1 promoter polymorphism using PCR and automated DNA capillary sequencer. IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen were measured at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after CABG. Results Complete IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen measures were available in 220 patients. Before surgery IL-6 levels showed a strong correlation with CRP and fibrinogen （ r = 0. 48, P 〈 0. 0001 ; r = 0. 41, P 〈 0. 0001 respectively）, with a significant correlation between CRP and fibrinogen （r=0. 61, P 〈 0. 0001 ）. All three acute phase reactants showed a significant increase after CABG. After surgery, peak IL-6 was strongly correlated with peak CRP （r=0. 34, P =0.0009） but not with peak fibrinogen （r=0. 15, P =0. 13 ）, while peak CRP and peak fibrinogen were significantly correlated （r = 0. 15, P 〈 0. 0001 ）. HO-1 allelic repeats ranged from 22- 42, with （GT）25 and （GT）32 being the two most common alleles, and subsequently divided into three groups according to previous published work：〈 30 （GT） n were designated as S （short） , 30 - 37 （GT） n as M （middle） and long repeats with 〉 37 （GT） n as L （long） ; allele frequency 0. 35, 0. 58 and 0.07 respectively. Baseline CRP differed by genotype： those carrying at least one long allele having higher CRP than those

关键词： heine oxygenase polymorphism inflammation bypass surgery

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The microsatellite polymorphism of heme oxygenase-1 is associated with baseline plasma IL-6 level but not with restenosis after coronary in-stenting

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第18期118卷 1525-1532页

作者： LI Ping Mohamed A. Elrayess Abuzeid H. Gomma Jutta Palmen emma hawe Kim M. Fox Steve E. Humphries Cardiovascular Department Second Affiliated Hospital of JiangxiMedical College Nanchang 330006 China Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics British Heart FoundationLaboratories Department of Medicine Rayne Building 5 UniversityStreet London WC1E 6JF National Heart ＆ Lung Institute and Royal Brompton Hospital Cardiac Medicine Sydney Street London SW3 6NP

Background Vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） can express heme-oxygenase （HO）, a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme to bilirubin, ferritin and carbon monoxide （ CO）. VSMC-derived CO can suppress VSMC proliferation and may serve as an antiproliferation factor. The promoter region of HO-1 shows a polymorphism with different （GT）n repeats that has been reported to differently induce gene expression. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of this variation on the occurrence of restenosis after in-stent treatment in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Candidates who underwent coronary stent implantation were genotyped for the HO-1 promoter polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and automated DNA capillary sequencer. Serum levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein （CRP） were obtained at baseline, 24 hours and 48 hours after stenting. The primary end point for the study was angiographic evidence of in-stent restenosis at 6 months. All parameters for evaluation of restenosis were analysed by quantitatve computer-assisted angiographic analysis （QCA）. Results One hundred and eighty-seven patients who underwent coronary stent implantation were studied of whom 27.8% showed 〉150% restenosis after 6 months. The distribution of （GT）n repeats of all patients in the promoter region of HO-1 genotype ranged from 22 to 42, with （GT） 25 and （GT） 32 being the two most common alleles. The allelic repeats were divided into the short class （S） with 29 （ GT）., the middle class （M） with 30- 37 （GT）n and the long class （L） with 38 （GT）n. There was no significant difference in the restenosis between the genotype groups or between post operation levels of inflammation markers, but carriers of the S allele （ n = 120） had 33.3% lower baseline IL-6 compared with non-S carriers （n =67, P =0. 0008）. Conclusions Although no association was observed between the HO-1 promoter polymorphism and coronary in-stent restenosis following the stent procedure, the

关键词： heme oxygenase·polymorphism·interleukin-6·C- reactive protein·restenosis

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血红素氧化酶1基因多态和冠状动脉旁路移植后的炎症反应

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中国组织工程研究与临床康复 2009年第22期13卷 4261-4265页

作者：李萍 Jules Sanders emma hawe David Brull Jutta Palmen Jayshree Achary Hugh Montgomery Steve E.Humphries 南昌大学第二附属医院心血管内科江西省南昌市330006 英国伦敦大学学院心血管遗传病学中心

背景:血红素氧化酶1是降解血红素生成胆红素、亚铁及一氧化碳过程的限速酶,具有重要的抗炎功能,其启动子部位GT重复序列的多态性可使该基因表达的水平不同,重复序列较短者基因转录活性较高。目的:观察冠状动脉旁路移植术后炎性标记物白... 详细信息

背景:血红素氧化酶1是降解血红素生成胆红素、亚铁及一氧化碳过程的限速酶,具有重要的抗炎功能,其启动子部位GT重复序列的多态性可使该基因表达的水平不同,重复序列较短者基因转录活性较高。目的:观察冠状动脉旁路移植术后炎性标记物白细胞介素6,C-反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原的水平及其相关性,探讨血红素氧化酶1基因变量对它们的影响。设计、时间及地点:观察性试验,于2003年在英国伦敦大学学院心血管遗传病学中心完成。对象:220例符合入选条件的行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,男179例,女41例,年龄(63.34±9.64)岁。方法:PCR方法和DNA测序仪分析其血红素氧化酶1基因启动子部位GT重复序列的长短;于手术前及术后6,24,48,72,96,120h分别测白细胞介素6、C-反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原水平。主要观察指标:血红素氧化酶1基因启动子部位GT重复序列的长短;手术前及术后不同时间白细胞介素6、C-反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原水平。结果:术前白细胞介素6水平与C-反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原值显著相关(r=0.48,P<0.0001;r=0.41,P<0.0001),术后3者均显著升高,白细胞介素6峰质量浓度与C-反应蛋白峰质量浓度显著相关(r=0.34,P=0.0009),但与纤维蛋白原峰值无明显相关性(r=0.15,P=0.13)。术前C-反应蛋白值在血红素氧化酶1各基因组间存在明显差异,长GT重复序列者比短GT重复序列携带者高[(3.76±0.79),(2.07±0.17)mg/L,P=0.013];术后则各基因型组间水平相似。结论:炎症标志物的水平间存在相关性,血红素氧化酶1基因多态只与术前的基础C-反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原值有关,提示其可能只影响疾病的慢性炎症状态,从而影响炎性疾病的发生,而非急性炎症反应。

关键词：血红素氧化酶1 基因多态炎症反应冠状动脉旁路移植术

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Interconnection Gridlock Threatens Transition to Renewable Energy

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 3-5页

作者： emma Hiolski Senior Technology Writer

In October 2023,the International Energy Agency(IEA)released a report identifying inadequate grid infrastructure as a key threat to meeting the climate goals laid out by the Paris Agreement[1],the landmark 2015 international treaty in which 196 parties agreed to limit global warming to well below 2℃ above preindustrial levels[2].Importantly,funding for the treaty’s calledfor transition from fossil fuels to clean energy has accelerated[3],with recently legislated massive governmental subsidies and other incentives(e.g.,the Inflation Reduction Act[4])aimed specifically at promoting renewable ***,a commensurate surge in investment in electrical grids has not materialized;instead,it has stagnated for the past decade at around 300 billion USD per year worldwide[1].

关键词： Transition instead massive

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冠状动脉旁路术后的炎症反应:血红素氧化酶-1基因多态的影响

冠状动脉旁路术后的炎症反应:血红素氧化酶-1基因多态的影响

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中华医学会心血管病分会第八次全国心血管病学术会议

作者：李萍 Jules Sanders emma hawe Jutta Palmen David Brull Sukhbir Dhamrait Jayshree Acharya Hugh Montgomery Steve Humphries 江医二附院心内科 Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics BHF laboratories University College London

目的血红素氧化酶-1(HO-1)是降解血红素生成胆红素、亚铁及一氧化碳过程的限速酶,具有重要的抗炎功能,其启动子部位GT重复序列的多态性可使该基因表达的水平不同,重复序列较短者基因转录活性较高。本研究观察冠状动脉旁路术(CABG)后炎...

目的血红素氧化酶-1(HO-1)是降解血红素生成胆红素、亚铁及一氧化碳过程的限速酶,具有重要的抗炎功能,其启动子部位GT重复序列的多态性可使该基因表达的水平不同,重复序列较短者基因转录活性较高。本研究观察冠状动脉旁路术(CABG)后炎性标记物白介素6(IL-6),C反应蛋白(CRP)及纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fb)的水平及其相关性,并探讨基因变量对它们的影响。方法220名符合入选条件的行CABG术的患者,用PCR方法和DNA测序仪分析他们HO-1基因启动子部位GT重复序列的长短;于手术前及术后6、24、48、72、96和120小时分别测IL-6、CRP和Fb值。结果术前IL-6水平与CRP及Fb值明显相关(分别为(r=0.48,P<0.0001;r=0.41,P<0.0001),术后三者均显著升高,IL-6峰浓度与CRP峰浓度有很强的相关性(r=0.34,P=0.0009),但与Fb峰值相关性欠佳(r=0.15,P=0.13)。术前CRP值在HO-1各基因组间存在明显差异,长GT重复序列者CRP值比短GT重复序列携带者高(3.76±0.79比2.07±0.17,P=0.013);术后则各基因型组间水平相似。结论炎症标志物的水平间存在相关性,HO-1基因多态只与术前的基础CRP和Fb值有关,提示它可能只影响疾病过程的慢性炎症状态,从而可能影响炎性疾病的发生,而非急性炎症反应。

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Modern internet search analytics and thyroidectomy:What are patients asking?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 49-58页

作者： Neeraj Suresh Christian Fritz emma De Ravin Karthik Rajasekaran Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:Thyroidectomy is among the most commonly performed head and neck surgeries,however,limited existing information is available on topics of interest and concern to *** Design:***:***:A search engine optimization tool was utilized to extract metadata on Google‐suggested questions that“People Also Ask”(PAA)pertaining to“thyroidectomy”and“thyroid surgery.”These questions were categorized by Rothwell criteria and topics of *** Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)benchmark criteria enabled quality ***:A total of 250 PAA questions were ***‐oriented PAA questions describing what to expect during and after the surgery on topics such as postoperative management,risks or complications of surgery,and technical details were significantly less popular among the“thyroid surgery”group(P<0.001,P=0.005,and P<0.001,respectively).PAA questions about scarring and hypocalcemia were nearly threefold more popular than those related to pain(335 and 319 vs.113 combined search engine response page count,respectively).The overall JAMA quality score remained low(2.50±1.07),despite an increasing number of patients searching for“thyroidectomy”(r(77)=0.30,P=0.007).Conclusions:Patients searching for the nonspecific term“thyroid surgery”received a curated collection of PAA questions that were significantly less likely to educate them on what to expect during and after surgery,as compared to patients with higher health literacy who search with the term“thyroidectomy.”This suggests that the content of PAA questions differs based on the presumed health literacy of the internet user.

关键词： information quality online health education search analytics thyroid surgery thyroidectomy

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血红素氧化酶基因启动子GT序列变量与冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄

血红素氧化酶基因启动子GT序列变量与冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄

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中华医学会心血管病分会第八次全国心血管病学术会议

作者：李萍 Mohamed A.Elrayess Abuzeid H.Gomma Jutta Palmen emma hawe Kim M.Fox Steve E.Humphries 江西医学院二附院心内科 Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics BHF laboratories University College London National Heart&Lung Institute and Royal Brompton Hospital National Heart&Lung Institute and Royal Brompton Hospitab

目的血管平滑肌细胞可表达血红素氧化酶(HO),后者是降解血红素成为胆红素、亚铁及一氧化碳的限速酶。血管平滑肌来源的一氧化碳已证实能抑制血管平滑肌增殖。研究表明Ⅰ型HO基因启动子部位的GT重复序列长短变量可影响该基因的转录水平,...

目的血管平滑肌细胞可表达血红素氧化酶(HO),后者是降解血红素成为胆红素、亚铁及一氧化碳的限速酶。血管平滑肌来源的一氧化碳已证实能抑制血管平滑肌增殖。研究表明Ⅰ型HO基因启动子部位的GT重复序列长短变量可影响该基因的转录水平,较短GT重复序列能使该基因转录活性增加,因而对多个疾病的发生具有保护作用。本研究的目的为观察GT重复序列长短变量差异对冠脉支架置入术后再狭窄的影响。方法187例成功行冠脉支架置入术的患者,6个月随访时约27.8%管腔再狭窄超过50%。用PCR和DNA测序仪确定HO基因启动子部位的GT重复次数。高敏法测定术前及术后24、48小时血浆中的白介素6和C反应蛋白水平。结果各基因型组间术后IL-6和CPR水平以及再狭窄情况无差异,但携带较短GT序列者(n=120)术前基础IL-6值比非短GT序列携带者(n=67)低大约33.3%(P=0.0008)。结论尽管未能说明HO-1基因多态能影响支架置入术后的炎性水平及再狭窄情况,但它和基础IL6浓度的关系提示,短GT序列可能保护动脉粥样的炎症过程。

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Extreme Weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An Eight-County Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao Fiona C.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny College of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation Center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA College of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

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Does Herd Immunity Reduce the Risk of Contracting COVID-19?

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 21-27页

作者： emma Li Unionville High School Kennett Square PA USA

Herd immunity is often considered a measure to protect a whole community or population from disease if the vaccination threshold is met. Using the demographic and COVID-19 infection data from the state of Pennsylvania, United States, the study aimed to determine if herd immunity by vaccination is an effective way to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The Pennsylvania counties were split into two groups based on qualification of herd immunity: counties that met the COVID-19 herd immunization rate of 70% and counties that did not. The ANOVA test was used to analyze the difference between the groups with and without herd immunity by the COVID-19 vaccine. The results demonstrated that there was no significant statistical difference between counties that did achieve and those that did not achieve the herd immunity threshold for the COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, it was observed that there had been a significant decrease in positive cases between 2020 and 2023. This decline can be attributed to the overall protection by the vaccination and adaptability to the disease, not specifically due to herd immunity alone. Ultimately, these outcomes suggest that herd immunity cannot reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19. Increased efforts to get vaccinated should be implemented to protect the general community and a wider scope of age.

关键词： COVID-19 Herd Immunity Vaccine

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Methane cracking in molten tin for hydrogen and carbon production—a comparison with homogeneous gas phase process

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 155-166页

作者： emmanuel Busillo Benedetta de Caprariis Maria Paola Bracciale Vittoria Cosentino Martina Damizia Gaetano Iaquaniello emma Palo Paolo De Filippis Chemical Engineering Department Sapienza University of RomeRome 00184Italy NextChem S.p.A. Rome 00156Italy

Methane cracking is considered a bridge technology between gray and green hydrogen production *** this work an experimental study of methane cracking in molten tin is *** tests were conducted in a quartz reactor(i.d.=1.5 cm,L=20 cm)with capillary injection,varying temperature(950–1070℃),inlet methane flow rate(30–60 mL·min^(-1))and tin height(0–20 cm).The influence of the residence time in the tin and in the headspace on methane conversion and on carbon morphology was *** conversions obtained in tin and in the empty reactor were measured and compared with results of detailed kinetic simulations(CRECK).Furthermore,an expression of a global kinetic constant for methane conversion in tin was also *** highest conversion(65%at Q_(0)=30 mL·min^(-1) and t=1070℃)is obtained for homogeneous gas phase reaction due to the long residence time(70 s),the presence of tin leads to a sharp decrease of residence time(1 s),obtaining a conversion of 35%at 1070℃,thus meaning that tin owns a role in the *** characterization(scanning electron microscopy,Raman)reported a change in carbon toward sheet-like structures and an increase of the carbon structural order in the presence of molten tin media.

关键词： methane cracking molten media H2 production carbon morphology

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