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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第2期9卷 163-174页

作者： Ashley M Trama Zoie e Holzknecht Anitra D Thomas Kuei-Ying Su Sean M Lee emily e foltz Sarah e Perkins Shu S Lin William Parker Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff CFIO 3AX UK Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

The immune systems of wild rats and of laboratory rats can been utilized as models of the human immune system in pre-industrial and post-industrial societies, respectively. In this study, lymphocyte phenotypes in wild rats were broadly characterized, and the results were compared to those obtained by us and by others using cells derived from various strains of laboratory rats. Although not expected, the production of regulatory T cells was not apparently different in wild rats compared to laboratory rats. On the other hand, differences in expression of markers involved in complement regulation, adhesion, signaling and maturation suggest increased complement regulation and decreased sensitivity in wild-caught rats compared to laboratory rats, and point toward complex differences between the maturation of T cells. The results potentially lend insight into the pathogenesis of post-industrial epidemics of allergy and autoimmune disease.

关键词： allergy autoimmunity biome hygiene immune regulation

Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu emily Choi Michael QJiang Ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2095-2107页

作者： emily A.Hibbard Liwen Zhou Cathy Z.Yang Karthik Venkudusamy Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez George D.Bittner Dale R.Sengelaub Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically *** used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PeG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic *** have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PeG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PeG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor ***,our previous report showed that PeG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PeG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target *** this study,we examined the consequences of PeG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic *** adult male and female rats(Sprague–Dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of *** action potentials recorded immediately after PeG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury *** success of PeG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PeG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days *** 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish ***-fusion repair reestablished axonal *** to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PeG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal ***,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repa

关键词： axotomy dorsal horn peripheral nerve injury plasticity polyethylene glycol(PeG) sciatic nerve sensory terminals wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase

Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2667-2681页

作者： Liwen Zhou Karthik Venkudusamy emily A.Hibbard Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez Cathy Z.Yang Adelaide Leung Varun Gokhale Guhan Periyasamy Zeal Pathak Dale R.Sengelaub George D.Bittner Department of Neuroscience University of TexasAustinTXUSA Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Molecular Biosciences University of TexasAustinTXUSA

Successful polyethylene glycol fusion(PeG-fusion)of severed axons following peripheral nerve injuries for PeG-fused axons has been reported to:(1)rapidly restore electrophysiological continuity;(2)prevent distal Wallerian Degeneration and maintain their myelin sheaths;(3)promote primarily motor,voluntary behavioral recoveries as assessed by the Sciatic Functional Index;and,(4)rapidly produce correct and incorrect connections in many possible combinations that produce rapid and extensive recovery of functional peripheral nervous system/central nervous system connections and reflex(e.g.,toe twitch)or voluntary *** preceding companion paper describes sensory terminal field reo rganization following PeG-fusion repair of sciatic nerve transections or ablations;howeve r,sensory behavioral recovery has not been explicitly explored following PeG-fusion *** the current study,we confirmed the success of PeG-fusion surgeries according to criteria(1-3)above and more extensively investigated whether PeG-fusion enhanced mechanical nociceptive recovery following sciatic transection in male and female outbred Sprague-Dawley and inbred Lewis *** nociceptive responses were assessed by measuring withdrawal thresholds using von Frey filaments on the dorsal and midplantar regions of the *** von Frey filament tests were a more reliable method than plantar von Frey filament tests to assess mechanical nociceptive sensitivity following sciatic nerve *** withdrawal thresholds of the sciatic-mediated lateral dorsal region differed significantly across strain but not *** thresholds did not change significantly from baseline in chronic Unoperated and Sham-operated *** sciatic transection,all rats exhibited severe hyposensitivity to stimuli at the lateral dorsal region of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the ***,PeG-fused rats exhibited significantly earlier return to baseline withdrawal thresholds than Negative

关键词： autophagia axotomy collateral sprouting neuropathic pain peripheral nerve repair polyethylene glycol fusion(PeG-fusion) saphenous nerve sensory neurons sex and strain Wallerian degeneration

Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L Crane Laurence e A Feyten emily Collins Grant e Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

Computer Control and Management of Water Resources for Agriculture

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Computer Control and Management of Water Resources for Agric...

作者： emily.e.MANDIA 河海大学

学位级别：硕士

大面积灌溉在中国有很悠久的历史。1992年，中国大概有4800万亩灌溉面积，这包括了覆盖了7905万亩土地的144个大型灌区，覆盖了1330万亩土地的5198个中等灌区及许多小型水库、水塘和抽灌区。大中型灌区大约占全国灌溉面积的47％，另外... 详细信息

大面积灌溉在中国有很悠久的历史。1992年，中国大概有4800万亩灌溉面积，这包括了覆盖了7905万亩土地的144个大型灌区，覆盖了1330万亩土地的5198个中等灌区及许多小型水库、水塘和抽灌区。大中型灌区大约占全国灌溉面积的47％，另外有大约26％灌溉是由农民打井人工浇灌的。由于拥有超过12亿的人口，中国特别关注粮食问题，所以灌溉对于用作粮食的65％的谷物、75％的特种经济作物和90％的蔬菜的种植是至关重要的，除此之外，灌溉区还供应城镇居民和禽畜饮用水的70％—80％。绝大部分这些大中型灌溉系统在五、六、七十年代都发展得很快，其中相当一部分大型供水系统是抽取河道水或其它地表水的，但这些老龄灌溉区已经逐步老化了，而且由于管理模式落后，效率很低。适应农业高产的要求，缩小用水频率、用水量、用水时间是农业优化控制的自动灌溉的潜在要求。本论文就是一份计算机自动控制灌溉系统的方案，它包括了灌站最优化供水程序，这是现代灌溉控制程序的先锋。本方案分2级，第一级是本地监控，由PLC控制机组运行，从最远的终端站接收原始数据;第二级是中央控制，由工业控制机通过软件操作实现对机组的远程控制，包括系统控制、监视和运作模式。

关键词：大型灌区灌溉面积用水时间特种经济作物计算机自动控制终端站灌溉区工业控制机控制机组小型水库

Seedling light limitation does not increase across a natural productivity gradient

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Journal of Plant ecology 2013年第3期6卷 193-200页

作者： emily Grman Department of Plant Biology and Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State UniversityKellogg Biological Station3700 E Gull Lake DrHickory CornersMI 49060

Aims a key idea in plant community ecology is that the identity of the limiting resource shifts from soil nutrients in low productivity sites to light in high productivity *** idea,and its implications for plant community structure,has been tested many times in artificial productivity gradients(fertilization studies),but whether it applies to natural productivity gradients is *** To test whether seedling light limitation would increase across a natural productivity gradient,I conducted a cross-site field experi-ment in southwest michigan,USA.A each of six old fields natu-rally varying in productivity,I exposed transplanted seedlings of big bluestem(Andropogon gerardii)to a light addition(tie-back)treat-ment that increased light availability and measured their biomass after one and two growing *** Findingsseedlings responded positively to the tie-back treatment,but positive responses did not increase across the natural productivity *** results suggest that although light does limit seedling establishment,the strength of light limitation does not depend on variation in productivity in natural ***,light limitation interacted with a variety of site differences to determine *** the general principle that light limitation increases with productivity is well established,these results indicate that it may not always occur in natural systems.

关键词： Andropogon gerardii big bluestem light limitation old fields productivity gradient.

elevated liver enzymes portends a higher rate of complication and death in SARS-CoV-2

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第9期13卷 1181-1189页

作者： emily e Currier Mohamad Dabaja Syed-Mohammed Jafri School of Medicine Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48201United States Department of Gastroenterology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMI 48202United States

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,or coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19),has infected millions worldwide since its discovery in Wuhan,China in December 2019,but little is still known about the disease *** research in China notes liver function tests(LFTs)abnormalities are common in COVID-19 patients,suggesting decreased hepatic function,and that abnormalities in LFTs are related to complicated disease course and negative ***,there has been limited large-scale data assessing COVID-19’s association with liver dysfunction and negative *** To investigate how COVID-19 affects the liver function and disease course in patients infected with the virus treated at Henry Ford Hospital from March to September *** A total of 8028 patients infected with COVID-19 were identified and included in the study at a single academic *** from medical charts on laboratory testing including aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(AP),and bilirubin levels,past history of liver disease,and disease course indicators including hospital admission,intensive care unit(ICU)admission,intubation,and death were recorded and *** liver enzymes were defined as ALT/AST greater than 60,AP greater than 150,or bilirubin greater than 1.5,super-elevated liver enzymes were defined as ALT/AST greater than 120,AP greater than 300,or bilirubin greater than *** A total of 8028 COVID-19 patients were identified and included in the *** from medical charts on LFTs(namely,AST,ALT,AP,and bilirubin levels),past history of liver disease,and disease course indicators(hospital/ICU admission,intubation,death)were recorded and *** from 3937 patients were available for interpretation.45% were found to have elevated or super-elevated *** compared to COVID-19 patients without elevated LFTs,this cohort was found to have significantly higher odds of hospital admittance

关键词： COVID-19 Hepatology Liver damage Complications elevated liver function test

extracellular matrix-templating fibrous hydrogels promote ovarian tissue remodeling and oocyte growth

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第2期32卷 292-303页

作者： Claire e.Nason-Tomaszewski emily e.Thomas Daniel L.Matera Brendon M.Baker Ariella Shikanov Department of Biomedical engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Chemical engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Synthetic matrices which mimic the extracellular composition of native tissue create a comprehensive model for studying development and ***,we have engineered a composite material which retains cell-secreted eCM for the culture of ovarian follicles by embedding electrospun dextran fibers functionalized with basement membrane binder(BMB)peptide in PeG *** the presence of eCM-sequestering fibers,encapsulated immature primordial follicles and ovarian stromal cells aggregated into large organoid-like structures with dense deposition of laminin,perlecan,and collagen I,leading to steroidogenesis and significantly greater rates of oocyte survival and *** determined that cell aggregation restored key cell-cell interactions critical for oocyte survival,whereas oocyte growth was dependent on cell-matrix interactions achieved in the presence of *** we have shown that sequestration and retention of cell-secreted eCM along synthetic fibers mimics fibrous eCM structure and restores the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions critical for engineering an artificial ovary.

关键词： Biomimetic matrix Ovarian follicle Fibrous hydrogels

Assessment of nutrients and conductivity in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed:An investigation of land use contributions and trends

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第2期12卷 337-350页

作者： Amanda Carneiro Marques Carlos eduardo Veras emily Kumpel John e.Tobiason Christian D.Guzman Dept of Civil and environmental engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003USA

The quality of drinking water for the Boston Metropolitan Area,supplied by the Quabbin-Wachusett system,is impacted by environmental *** objectives of this study are to increase understanding of the role that small streams may play in degradation of reservoir quality by characterizing seasonal constituent patterns from 1998 to 2020 in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed and by developing enhanced modeling *** monitoring(1998–2012)exhibited increased loads due to increasing flows despite declining solute *** present study analyzed seasonal nitrate(NO3)and total phosphorus(TP)concentration and load trends from 2012 to 2020 across 11 *** conductivity(SC)was also assessed to evaluate the impacts of road salt *** 2012 to 2020,statistical results for mean nutrient concentrations suggest static or declining temporal trends,while SC in all tributaries exhibited increasing *** use data suggest association with altered drainage landscapes as potential sources of increased constituent *** with the highest concentrations of TP,NO3,and SC have the largest percentage of impervious and cultivated areas,two to three times greater than other *** flows were modeled using the airGR hydrological model,subsequently used to calculate ***,flow magnitude was a more important load driver than long-term nutrient concentrations,thus,showing that stream discharge controlled load *** the other hand,persistently high SC levels controlled the increasing SC load ***,many nutrient reduction management strategies demonstrated an important impact from 1998 to *** watershed programs aimed at reducing salt applications,concentrations in streams are increasing,indicating a long-term legacy of salt *** smaller tributaries represent a modest portion of the system,addressing these sources has the potential to further reduce the long-term ecological

关键词： Water quality Nutrients Road salt Long-term trends Pollutant loading