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AGRONOMIc AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUcING HERB-AND LEGUME-RIcH MULTISPEcIES LEYS INTO ARABLE ROTATIONS:A REVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： emily c.cooledge David R.cHADWIcK Lydia M.J.SMITH Jonathan R.LEAKE Davey L.JONES School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil ***-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil ***,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed *** leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover *** grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas *** review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock *** botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality

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REINTEGRATION OF cROP-LIVESTOcK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE:AN OVERVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 111-129页

作者： Antonius G.T.ScHUT emily c.cooledge Marc MORAINE Gerrie W.J.VAN DE VEN Davey L.JONES David R.cHADWIcK Plant Production Systems Wageningen University6700 AK Wageningenthe Netherlands School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK UMR 0951 INNOVATION French National Institute for AgricultureFood and Environment(INRAE)MontpellierFrance SoilsWest UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Interdisciplinary Research centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming *** integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both *** aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems,with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to ***,animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic *** mixed farm systems can be economically attractive,benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental *** is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm,regional and national levels,and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping *** offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits,reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers,biocides and manure processing *** agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns,matching local capacity to produce with food ***,feed transport,greenhouse gas emissions,nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be *** is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land *** approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration,but require strong policy incentives which show clear,tangible and lasting benefits for farmers,the environment an

关键词： circular agriculture coupled farming systems mixed farming specialised farming systems GHG

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLIcY TARGETS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： Sarah BUcKINGHAM cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITH Vera EORY David R.cHADWIcK christina K.BAXTER Joanna M.cLOY Shaun cONNOLLY emily c.cooledge Nicholas J.cOWAN Julia DREWER colm DUFFY Naomi JFOX Asma JEBARI Becky JENKINS Dominika J.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN Graham A.McAULIFFE Steven J.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RIcHARDS Rainer ROEHE Jo SMITH Kate SMITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORMAN John WILLIAMS Jeremy WILTSHIRE Robert M.REES Scotland’s Rural college EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The James Hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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A review of public health guidelines for postpartum physical activity and sedentary behavior from around the world

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 472-483,F0003页

作者： Kelly R.Evenson Wendy J.Brown Alison K.Brinson emily Budzynski-Seymour Melanie Hayman Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8050USA Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4226Australia School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-3115USA carolina Population center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8120USA Faculty of Sport Health and Social SciencesSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Appleton Institute School of HealthMedical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants *** purpose of this scoping review was to summarize public health-oriented country-specific postpartum PA and SB guidelines ***:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we performed a(a) systematic search of 4 databases(cINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPORTDiscus),(b) structured repeatable web-based search separately for 194 countries,and(c) separate web-based *** the most recent guideline was included for each ***:We identified 22 countries with public health-oriented postpartum guidelines for PA and 11 countries with SB *** continents with guidelines included Europe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Africa(n=1),North America(n=1),and South America(n=1).The most common benefits recorded for PA included weight control/management(n=10),reducing the risk of postpartum depression or depressive symptoms(n=9),and improving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpartum guidelines specified exercises to engage in,including pelvic floor exercises(n=17);muscle strengthening,weight training,or resistance exercises(n=13);aerobics/general aerobic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines remarked on the interaction between PA and breastfeeding;several guidelines stated that PA did not impact breast milk quantity(n=7),breast milk quality(n=6),or infant growth(n=3).For SB,suggestions included limiting long-term sitting and interrupting sitting with ***:country-specific postpartum guidelines for PA and SB can help promote healthy behaviors using a culturally appropriate context while providing specific guidance to public health practitioners.

关键词： Breastfeeding caesarean section Guidelines Postnatal Recommendations

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Artificial cavernosa-like tissue based on multibubble Matrigel and a human corpus cavernous fibroblast scaffold

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 260-267页

作者： Yu-Zhuo chen Yi-Hong Zhou Min-Bo Yan Ming Xiao Biao Liu Ying-Hao Yin Xiao-Li Tan Yong-Quan Huang Yu-Hong Lin Ting Xie Jia-Li Tian Qi Wang Jian-Ying Li Zi-Zhou Meng Zheng Li emily Xing Yu-Xin Tang Ya-Wei Li Zhong-Zhen Su Liang-Yu Zhao Department of Ultrasound The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Interventional Medicine Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Urology The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Andrology the Center for Men’s HealthUrologic Medical CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of ReproductiveMedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China cedars-Sinai Medical center Los AngelesCA 90024USA

Ex vivo tissue culture of the human corpus cavernosum(cc)can be used to explore the tissue structural changes and complex signaling *** present,artificial cc-like tissues based on acellular or three-dimensional(3D)-printed scaffolds are used to solve the scarcity of primary penis tissue ***,inconvenience and high costs limit the wide application of such ***,we describe a simple,fast,and economical method of constructing artificial cc-like *** cc fibroblasts(FBs),endothelial cells(Ecs),and smooth muscle cells(SMcs)were expanded in vitro and mixed with Matrigel in specific proportions.A large number of bubbles were formed in the mixture by vortexing combined with pipette blowing,creating a porous,spongy,and spatial *** cc FBs produced a variety of signaling factors,showed multidirectional differentiation potential,and grew in a 3D grid in Matrigel,which is necessary for cc-like tissue to maintain a porous structure as a cell *** the c-like tissue,Ecs covered the surface of the lumen,and SMcs were located inside the trabeculae,similar to the structure of the primary *** cell components remained stable for 3 days in vitro,but the Ec content decreased on the 7th ***/integrated(WNT)signaling activation led to lumen atrophy and increased tissue fibrosis in cc-like tissue,inducing the same changes in characteristics as in the primary *** study describes a preparation method for human artificial cc-like tissue that may provide an improved experimental platform for exploring the function and structure of the cc and conducting drug screening for erectile dysfunction therapy.

关键词： artificial tissue corpus cavernosum ex vivo fibroblasts

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Mortality assessment for pancreas transplants in the United States over the decade 2008-2018

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第4期13卷 147-156页

作者： Tambi Jarmi emily Brennan Jacob clendenon Aaron c Spaulding Department of Transplant Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Health Science Research Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224United States

BAcKGROUND Pancreas transplant is the only treatment that establishes normal glucose levels for patients diagnosed with ***,since 2005,no comprehensive analysis has compared survival outcomes of:(1)Simultaneous pancreas-kidney(SPK)transplant;(2)Pancreas after kidney(PAK)transplant;and(3)Pancreas transplant alone(PTA)to waitlist *** To explore the outcomes of pancreas transplants in the United States during the decade *** Our study utilized the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research ***-and post-transplant recipient and waitlist characteristics and the most recent recipient transplant and mortality status were *** included all patients with type I diabetes listed for pancreas or kidneypancreas transplant between May 31,2008 and May 31,*** were grouped into one of three transplant types:SPK,PAK,or *** The adjusted cox proportional hazards models comparing survival between transplanted and non-transplanted patients in each transplant type group showed that patients who underwent an SPK transplant exhibited a significantly reduced hazard of mortality[hazard ratio(HR)=0.21,95%confidence intervals(cI):0.19-0.25]compared to those not *** PAK transplanted patients(HR=1.68,95%cI:0.99-2.87)nor PTA patients(HR=1.01,95%cI:0.53-1.95)experienced significantly different hazards of mortality compared to patients who did not receive a *** When assessing each of the three transplant types,only SPK transplant offered a survival advantage compared to patients on the waiting *** and PTA transplanted patients demonstrated no significant differences compared to patients who did not receive a transplant.

关键词： Pancreas transplant Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant Pancreas after kidney transplant Survival Diabetes mellitus Insulin

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Dietary(poly)phenol intake is associated with cardiometabolic health parameters in adolescents

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： emily P.Laveriano-Santos Sara castro-Barquero camila Arancibia-Riveros Ana María Ruiz-León Rosa casas Ramón Estruch Patricia Bodega Mercedes de Miguel Amaya de cos-Gandoy Jesús Martínez-Gómez Gloria Santos-Beneit Juan M.Fernández-Alvira Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez Rosa M.Lamuela-Raventós Anna Tresserra-Rimbau The Zena and Michael A.Wiener cardiovascular Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department de Nutrició ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia XIA Facultat de Farmàcia i ciències de l'alimentació Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB) Universitat de Barcelona Department of Internal Medicine Hospital clínic Institutd'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona consorcio cIBER M.P.Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (cIBERObn) Instituto de Salud carlos III (IScIII) Mediterranean Diet Foundation 5. Foundation for Science Health and Education (SHE) 6. centro Nacional de Investigaciones cardiovasculares (cNIc) cIBER de Enfermedades cardiovasculares (cIBERcV) 9. Hospital Universitario clínico San carlos

Background: The protective role of (poly)phenols against metabolic disorders has been extensively studied in adults but not in ***: To assess associations of dietary (poly)phenols and their subclasses with cardiometabolic health parameters in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 944 individuals aged 11 to 14 years enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial (NcT03504059). (Poly)phenol intake was assessed using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. The measured cardiometabolic parameters were waist circumference (Wc) age-sex z-score， blood pressure (BP) age-sex z-score， blood glucose (BG)， triglycerides (TG)， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models were applied to examine the association between (poly)phenol quintiles and cardiometabolic health ***: compared to the lowest quintile， adolescents in the highest quintile of total (poly)phenol intake had lower Wc z-scores (β=-0.09， 95%cI=-0.09;-0.08， P-for trend=0.002)， mean arterial pressure z-scores (β =-0.11， 95%cI=-0.12;-0.09， P-for trend=0.206)， and HDL-c (β=-1.52， 95%cI=-2.90;-0.14， P-for trend=0.108)， after multivariable adjustment. The Wc z-scores (β=-0.11， 95%cI=-0.19;-0.03， P-for trend=0.013) and HDL-c (β=-2.16， 95%cI=-3.78;-0.53， P-for trend=0.046) were lower in the highest quintile of flavonoid intake compared to the lowest quintile. The highest quintile of phenolic acid intake was associated with a lower Wc z-score (β=-0.14， 95%cI=-0.26;-0.02， P-for trend=0.011) and TG levels (β=-8.83， 95%cI=-12.37;-5.30， P-for trend cI= -3.103;-0.64， P-for trend cI= -4.95;-1.49， P-for trend=0.034)， and with higher HDL-c (β=2.328， 95%cI= 1.40;3.17， P-for trend=0.466) compared to the lowest quintile. conclusion: A higher intake of (poly)phenols， espe

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Medical treatments of endometriosis: a review

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2023年第3期7卷 166-179页

作者： Bahi Elbasueny Maya Geets emily c.Yang catherine Allaire Paul J.Yong Mohamed A.Bedaiwy Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of MedicineMenoufia University.MenoufiaEgypt.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder that affects approximately 10%of women of reproductive *** medical treatments used today for endometriosis pain are hormonal therapies,which are not an option for those trying to conceive and are not tolerated by a subset of patients due to side *** this article,we offer a comprehensive review of current and investigational medical therapeutic options used to treat endometriosis pain,as well as a symptom-based systematic approach for patients with painful *** have also included recommendations for research to enhance the evolution of novel therapeutic options.A thorough literature search was carried out,and the data were synthesized using a synthesis matrix that classifies and categorizes various arguments.

关键词： Endometriosis Pelvic pain Medical treatment Medical therapy Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs combined oral contraceptives Progesterone GnRH agonist GnRH antagonist Aromatase inhibitors Investigational endometriosis treatments

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Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L crane Laurence E A Feyten emily collins Grant E Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(Experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(Experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

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A scoping review of randomized clinical trials for pain management in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第1期9卷 9-26页

作者： Michael c.Shih Barry D.Long Phayvanh P.Pecha David R.White Yi-chun c.Liu Brennan emily Mariam I.Nguyen clarice S.clemmens Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Baylor college of Medicine HoustonTexasUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Department of Surgery-Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Department of Research and Education Services Medical University of South Carolina LibraryCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA charleston county School of the Arts North CharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Objectives:To examine the volume,topics,and reporting trends in the published literature of randomized clinical trials for pharmacologic pain management of pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy and to identify areas requiring further *** Sources:PubMed(National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health),Scopus(Elsevier),cINAHL(EBScO),and cochrane Library(Wiley).Methods:A systematic search of four databases was *** randomized controlled or comparison trials examining pain improvement with a pharmacologic intervention in pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were *** collected included demographics,pain-related outcomes,sedation scores,nausea/vomiting,postoperative bleeding,types of drug comparisons,modes of administration,timing of administration,and identities of the investigated ***:One hundred and eighty-nine studies were included for *** studies included validated pain scales,with the majority using visual-assisted scales(49.21%).Fewer studies examined pain beyond 24 h postoperation(24.87%),and few studies included a validated sedation scale(12.17%).Studies have compared several different dimensions of pharmacologic treatment,including different drugs,timing of administration,modes of administration,and *** 23(12.17%)studies examined medications administered postoperatively,and only 29(15.34%)studies examined oral *** only had four ***:Our work provides the first scoping review of pain and pediatric *** drug safety profiles considered,the literature does not have enough data to determine which treatment regimen provides superior pain control in pediatric *** common drugs like acetaminophen and ibuprofen require further research for optimizing the treatment of posttonsillectomy *** heterogeneity in study design and comparisons weakens the conclusions of potential systematic reviews and meta-analys

关键词： adenotonsillectomy child evidence-based medicine pain pediatrics tonsillectomy

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