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Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L Crane Laurence E A Feyten emily Collins Grant E Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(Experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(Experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

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The unbridled tongue

The unbridled tongue

Computer Control and management of Water Resources for Agriculture

作者： emily Butterworth.

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Computer Control and Management of Water Resources for Agric...

作者： emily.E.mANDIA 河海大学

学位级别：硕士

大面积灌溉在中国有很悠久的历史。1992年，中国大概有4800万亩灌溉面积，这包括了覆盖了7905万亩土地的144个大型灌区，覆盖了1330万亩土地的5198个中等灌区及许多小型水库、水塘和抽灌区。大中型灌区大约占全国灌溉面积的47％，另外... 详细信息

大面积灌溉在中国有很悠久的历史。1992年，中国大概有4800万亩灌溉面积，这包括了覆盖了7905万亩土地的144个大型灌区，覆盖了1330万亩土地的5198个中等灌区及许多小型水库、水塘和抽灌区。大中型灌区大约占全国灌溉面积的47％，另外有大约26％灌溉是由农民打井人工浇灌的。由于拥有超过12亿的人口，中国特别关注粮食问题，所以灌溉对于用作粮食的65％的谷物、75％的特种经济作物和90％的蔬菜的种植是至关重要的，除此之外，灌溉区还供应城镇居民和禽畜饮用水的70％—80％。绝大部分这些大中型灌溉系统在五、六、七十年代都发展得很快，其中相当一部分大型供水系统是抽取河道水或其它地表水的，但这些老龄灌溉区已经逐步老化了，而且由于管理模式落后，效率很低。适应农业高产的要求，缩小用水频率、用水量、用水时间是农业优化控制的自动灌溉的潜在要求。本论文就是一份计算机自动控制灌溉系统的方案，它包括了灌站最优化供水程序，这是现代灌溉控制程序的先锋。本方案分2级，第一级是本地监控，由PLC控制机组运行，从最远的终端站接收原始数据;第二级是中央控制，由工业控制机通过软件操作实现对机组的远程控制，包括系统控制、监视和运作模式。

关键词：大型灌区灌溉面积用水时间特种经济作物计算机自动控制终端站灌溉区工业控制机控制机组小型水库

New Semiconducting Polymer Based on Benzo[1,2-b：4,5-bldiselenophene Donor and Diketopyrrolopyrrole/Isoindigo Acceptor Unit： Synthesis, Characterization and Photovoltaics

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作者： (英)emily Bronte原

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2015年第8期33卷 909-916页

作者： Zhongjie Xu Guozheng Shi Jianyu Yuan emily Glenn Hai-Qiao Wang Wanli ma Institute of Functional Nano & Soft materials (FUNSOm) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L3G1 Canada

Two new D-A type polymers PBDSe-DPP and PBDSe-ID were synthesized to explore new ideal semiconduct- ing polymers, by conjugating acceptor unit diketopyrrolopyrrole/isoindigo to a donor unit benzo[l,2-b：4,5-b＇]di- selenophene, which is designed by substituting the sulfur atom with a selenium atom in the benzo[1,2-b：4,5-b＇]- dithiophene. The thermal, optical, electrochemical, photoelectric and photovoltaie properties of the two polymers were studied systematically. Relatively high open circuit voltage （0.7 and 0.75 V） and fill factor （〉65%） were demonstrated for both polymers. Huge increase （by 64% and 120%） of the short circuit current density was achieved for both polymer based devices by using additive compared to the corresponding reference without addi- tive, resulting in decent power conversion efficiency of 3.7% and 2.5% respectively with only simple optimizing consideration. We believe this class of BDSe polymer possesses a good potential to be alternatives of active material for photovoltaic applications.

关键词： semiconducting polymer benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']diselenophene synthesis characterization photovoltaics

An examination of the population dynamics of syngnathid fishes within Tampa Bay,Florida,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 118-133页

作者： Heather D.mASONJONES emily ROSE Lori Benson mcRAE Danielle L.DIXSON Biology Department University of Tampa Biology Department Texas A & M University School of marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University

Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （FL） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., Syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. Spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. Seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, Syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while S. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].

关键词： Syngnathids Habitat-use Seahorse Pipefish Population density mark-recapture

Invasive black spiny-tailed iguanas(Ctenosaura similis)on Gasparilla Island,Florida,USA

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第5期9卷 590-597页

作者： michael L.AVERY Eric A.TILLmAN Conny SPURFELD Richard m.ENGEmAN Kelin P.mACIEJEWSKI Jessica D.BROWN emily A.FETZER United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services(USDA-WS)National Wildlife Research CenterFlorida Field StationGainesvilleFloridaUSA USDA-WS GainesvilleFloridaUSA USDA-WS National Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado USA Berryman Institute Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA

The native range of Ctenosaura similis extends from southern mexico through Panama. From an initial introduction of 3 animals in 1979, the species now numbers in the thousands on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. In response to complaints of property damage from residents and threats to native species, local officials and the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services began a removal program in 2008. Through 2011, trappers removed 9467 ctenosaurs. The number removed declined from 32 iguanas/day in 2008 to 1.9 iguanas/day in 2011 despite no easing of the control effort. We necropsied 2757 ctenosaurs to document aspects of their natural history. Females outnumbered males overall, although the largest size class (>300 mm snout-vent length) included 32 males and just 2 females. Reproduction was seasonal. We found oviducal eggs in females from early Apr to early Jun, approximately 2 months later than C. similis in its native range. We trapped hatchlings from late Jul to early Oct coincident with the summer rainy season. Clutch size increased with female body size, with 62 being the largest clutch size recorded. In general, the biology of the invasive population on Gasparilla Island resembles native C. similis populations in Central America, except for the lack of large individuals. We suggest that shorter day length and colder temperatures create environmental conditions that are suboptimal for individual growth compared to those in the native range.

关键词： Ctenosaura similis Florida invasive reptile population control spiny-tailed iguana

A field guide for aging passerine nestlings using growth data and predictive modeling

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Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 141-149页

作者： Audrey A.Sanchez Andrew W.Bartlow Allison m.Chan Jeanne m.Fair Aaron A.Skinner Kelly Hutchins maria A.musgrave emily m.Phillips Brent E.Thompson Charles D.Hathcock Environmental Stewardship Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Biosecurity and Public Health Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Water Program N3BLos AlamosNMUSA

Background:Accurate nestling age is valuable for studies on nesting strategies,productivity,and impacts on repro-ductive *** aging guides consist of descriptions and photographs that are time consuming to read and subjective to *** Western Bluebird(Sialia mexicana)is a secondary cavity-nesting passerine that nests in coniferous and open deciduous *** box programs for cavity-nesting species have provided suitable nesting locations and opportunities for data collection on nestling growth and ***:We developed models for predicting the age of Western Bluebird nestlings from morphometric meas-urements using model training and *** were developed for mass,tarsus,and two different culmen ***:Our models were accurate to within less than a day,and each model worked best for a specific age *** mass and tarsus models can be used to estimate the ages of Western Bluebird nestlings 0-10 days old and were accurate to within 0.5 days for mass and 0.7 days for *** culmen models can be used to estimate ages of nest-lings 0-15 days old and were also accurate to within less than a *** daily mean,minimum,and maximum values of each morphometric measurement are provided and can be used in the field for accurate nestling age estimations in real ***:The model training and validation procedures used here demonstrate that this method can create aging models that are highly *** methods can be applied to any passerine species provided sufficient nest-ling morphometric data are available.

关键词： Cavity-nesting Nest boxes Nestling development Predictive models Western Bluebird

Perception of Potential Health Risk of Climate Change and Utilization of Fans and Air Conditioners in a Representative Population of Hong Kong

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 105-118页

作者： Yang Gao emily Y.Y.Chan Holly C.Y.Lam Aiwei Wang Department of Sport and Physical Education Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and medical Humanitarian Response The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Climate change, especially as reflected in heat waves, is a rising threat worldwide. Appropriate use of cooling devices can protect people from health impacts during a heat wave. A population-based telephone survey was conducted in a representative sample of residents in Hong Kong to investigate ownership and use of domestic cooling devices, identify correlates, and examine their associations with risk perception of potential health impact of climate change. more than 90% of the 1002 respondents owned and used cooling devices at home. The majority(57.7%) perceived the potential health risk of climate change at a high level. However, risk perception had no relationship with ownership and utilization of cooling devices. Old people(≥ 65 years), the low-educated, those with low income, and those with chronic diseases were more likely not to use air conditioners when feeling *** findings suggest that there are no signs showing people have taken more protective actions although half of respondents recognized climate change as a threat. Familial economic condition may be a major determinant in ownership and use of air conditioners at home. Old people and those with chronic diseases are at high risk of adverse exposure to climate change and therefore should be equipped with appropriate measures to use cooling devices.

关键词： Climate change Domestic cooling device Heat wave health impact Hong Kong Risk perception