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Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅰ:Concept for a Subject-specific Analogue Model

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 747-756页

作者： Constantinos Franceskides emily arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael CGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Impact and Armour Group Centre for Defence EngineeringCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK Centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercial spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and those developed for this purpose are expensive and yet still fail to replicate the mechanical performance of biological ***-specific analogues that address these limitations and avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of human cadavers are therefore *** present a method for the production and characterisation of biofidelic,patient-specific,Spine Motion Segment(SMS=2 vertebrae and the disk in between)analogues that allow for the biological variability encountered when dealing with real *** spine segments(L1-LA)were scanned by computed tomography,and 3D models were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS).Four biological specimens and four ABS motion segments were tested,three of which were further segmented into two Vertebral Bodies(VBs)with their intervertebral disc(IVD).All segments were loaded axially at 0.6 mm·min-1(strain-rate range 6×10-4 s-1-10×10-4 s-1).The artificial VBs behaved like biological segments within the elastic region,but the best two-part artificial IVD were^15%less stiffthan the biological ***-speed images recorded during compressive loading allowed full-field strains to be *** compression of the spine motion segments,IVDs experienced higher strains than VBs as *** method allows the rapid,inexpensive and reliable production of patient-specific 3D-printed analogues,which morphologically resemble the real ones,and whose mechanical behaviour is comparable to real biological spine motion segments and this is their biggest asset.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-CT 3D printing Digital Image Correlation(DIC)

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Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅱ:Tuning and Optimisation for Biofidelic Performance

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 757-766页

作者： Constantinos Franceskides emily arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael CGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK Centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercially available spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and the few that are suitable for using in conjunction with implants and devices to allow a hands-on practice on operative procedures are very expensive and still none of these offers patient-specific analogues that can be accessed within reasonable time and price ***-made spine analogues would also avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of biological specimens and complications arising from their inherent biological *** we sought to improve the biofidelity and accuracy of a patient-specific motion segment analogue that we presented *** models were made by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)in 3D printing of porcine spine segments(T12-L5)from microCT scan data,and were tested in axial loading at 0.6 ***-1(strain rate range 6×10^-4 s^-1-10×10^-4 s^-1).In this paper we have sought to improve the biofidelity of these analogue models by concentrating in improving the two most critical aspects of the mechanical behaviour:the material used for the intervertebral disc and the influence of the facet *** deformations were followed by use of Digital Image Correlation(DIC)and consequently different scanning resolutions and data acquisition techniques were also explored and compared to determine their *** found that the selection of an appropriate intervertebral disc simulant(PT Flex 85)achieved a realistic force/displacement response and also that the facet joints play a key role in achieving a biofidelic behaviour for the entire motion *** have therefore overall confirmed the feasibility of producing,by rapid and inexpensive 3D-printing methods,high-quality patient-specific spine analogue models suitable for biomechanical testing and practice.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-CT 3D printing Digital Image Correlation(DIC)

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瓶装水:将资源耗尽

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国土资源情报 2006年第7期 50-51页

作者： emily arnold 兰月

2004年全球瓶装水消费量已经达到1540亿公升（410亿加仑），比5年前的980亿公升上涨了57％。尽管一些地区的自来水已经达到安全饮用标准，然而对瓶装水的需求却在持续增长——导致产生许多不必要的垃圾并且消耗大量能源。通常情况下，... 详细信息

2004年全球瓶装水消费量已经达到1540亿公升（410亿加仑），比5年前的980亿公升上涨了57％。尽管一些地区的自来水已经达到安全饮用标准，然而对瓶装水的需求却在持续增长——导致产生许多不必要的垃圾并且消耗大量能源。通常情况下，尽管瓶装水没有自来水有益于健康，但它的成本却要高出自来水1万多倍。矿泉水的成本基本上为2．5美元／公升（10美元／加仑），远远高于汽油。

关键词：瓶装水资源自来水饮用标准持续增长消费量矿泉水成本

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A Pilot Trial Testing the Feasibility of Using Molecular-Guided Therapy in Patients with Recurrent Neuroblastoma

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第5期3卷 602-612页

作者： Giselle L. Saulnier Sholler William Ferguson Genevieve Bergendahl Erika Currier Shannon R. Lenox Jeffrey Bond Marni Slavik William Roberts Deanna Mitchell Don Eslin Jacqueline Kraveka Joel Kaplan Nehal Parikh Suman Malempati Gina Hanna emily Eugster David Cherba Jeremy Miller Craig Webb Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis University St. Louis USA Center for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program at the Van Andel Research Institute in Grand Rapids Grand Rapids USA Center for Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando Orlando USA Department of Pediatric Oncology Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital Michigan State University Grand Rapids USA Department of Pediatric Oncology Oregon Health Science University Portland USA Division of Hematology/Oncology 2J Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Hartford USA Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA Pediatric Oncology Levine Children’s Hospital Charlotte USA Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego University of California San Diego School of Medicine at the University of California San Diego San Diego USA Vermont Cancer Center Department of Medicine University of Vermont Burlington USA

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, and treatment options for recurrent neuroblastoma are limited. Using molecular profiling to target the molecular vulnerabilities of neuroblastoma with existing therapeutic agents may result in a rational, data-driven approach with potential to improve clinical outcomes. Methods: The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of supporting real-time treatment decisions through predictive modeling of genome-wide mRNA gene expression data from neuroblastoma tumor biopsies. Feasibility was defined as completion of tumor biopsy, histopathological evaluation, RNA extraction and quality control, gene expression profiling within a CLIA-certified laboratory, bioinformatic analysis, generation of a drug predicttion report, molecular tumor board review yielding a formulated treatment plan, and independent medical monitor review within a 2-week period. Results: Five patients with multiply relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma were enrolled between April and June 2010. All biopsies passed histopathology and RNA quality control. Generation of gene expression data and its analysis (3-7 days), reports which linked this data into medically actionable drug candidates (1-5 days), molecular tumor board (1-3 days) and independent medical monitor review (1 day) were all completed in real-time. The average time was 10.5 days for all patients. Conclusion: This study shows that it is feasible to create therapeutic treatment plans based on genomic profiling in less than 12 days. This warrants further testing in a Phase I study to determine safety of predicted treatments and evaluate whether the information obtained in these analyses would result in patient benefit.

关键词： Neuroblastoma Molecular Guided Therapy Predictive Therapies Molecular Profiling Genomic Profiling Pediatric Cancer

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