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Asymptomatic Carriage of Salmonella and Intestinal Parasites in Pupils in Yaounde

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2021年第2期11卷 119-128页

作者： Rosanne Minone Ngome Michel Toukam Nadia Christelle Noumedem Anangmo Sylvain Raoul Simeni Njonnou emilia lyonga mbamyah Hortense Gonsu Kamga Department of Microbiology Hematology and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Clinical Biology Laboratory Hospital Center for Research and Application in Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproduction Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology Haematology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Bacteriological Laboratory Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Feco-oral transmitted diseases (FOTD) remain a public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Data concerning the carriage of Salmonella and intestinal parasites in children are available worldwide but are lacking in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the asymptomatic carriage of Salmonella and intestinal parasites in children of two primary schools in Yaoundé. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from October 2017 to May 2018 in two primary schools (from rural and urban areas) in the 7th precinct of Yaoundé. Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical (rectal swab, direct examination of fresh stool and bacteriological culture on Hektoen medium) data were collected. Results: We included 368 (192 boys) pupils from both schools (184 in each school) with a mean age of 8.99 ± 2.21 years. None of the children was infected by Salmonella spp. Intestinal parasite prevalence was 9.80% (6.52% of children from the urban school vs 13.04% from the rural ones). The intestinal parasite prevalence tended to be higher in girls than in boys (11.98% vs. 7.39%). Among intestinal parasites, protozoa were the most widely found. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis were the most prevalent pathogenic intestinal protozoa (11.11% vs. 25% of all positive stool exams). The helminths, less frequent, were represented by Ascaris lumbicoides and Enterobius vermicularis. The factors associated with intestinal parasite carriage were mainly rural school location and age between 11 -

关键词： Stool Culture Intestinal Parasites Pupils

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Phenotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Class C Cephalosporinase and Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Species Isolated from Patients Consulted at Four Yaounde-Based Hospitals

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 105-119页

作者： emilia Enjema lyonga mbamyah Mangum Patience Kumcho Michel Toukam Dieudonné Sedena Florence Anjabie Enyeji Aime-Caesar Teukam Modestine Djuissi Martha Tongo Mesembe George Mondinde Ikomey Agnes Bedie Eyoh Hortense Kamga Gonsu Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Bacteriology Unit Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Klebsiella spp. are bacteria of medical importance for their role in opportunistic infections which are often difficult to treat because of resistance to one or several antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), Class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) and carbapenemase enzymes in Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients consulted at four hospitals. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A total of 4190 non-repetitive patients specimens from 13 types of clinical specimens were analysed from February to November 2020. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) Klebsiella spp isolates were identified using API 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done according to the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL and AmpC phenotypes were determined by the combination disc method and carbapenemases by double disc synergy method, referenced by EUCAST guidelines for the resistance testing. Results: The frequency of the species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (69%, 155/255), K. oxytoca (14%, 31/255), K. ozaenae (12%, 27/225) and K. rhinoscleromatis (5%, 11/225). Isolates were most resistant to sulphomethoxazole trimethoprim (84%, 189/225), cepaholosporins (80%, 180/225), and least resistant to carbapenems (10.7%, 24/225). Two K. oxytoca and one K. pneumoniae were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the most multidrug resistant isolates (59.4%, 134/225). Most isolates (83.6%, 188/225) expressed at least one enzyme, while 63.6% (143/225) of the isolates expressed at least two enzymes. Some isolates were ESBL (71.6%, 161/225), carbapenemase (10.7%, 24/225) and AmpC (6.6%, 15/225) producers. Three carbapenemases (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-KPC, Metallo-Beta Lactamase-MBL and OXA-48) were detected. Conclusion: These results revealed that resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins is high and this may be exacerbated by co-expression of AmpC and

关键词： Klebsiella Spp. Multidrug Resistance ESBL AmpC Carbapenemase

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Molecular Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>from the Nares of Hospital Personnel, HIV-Positive and Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Yaounde Cameroon

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第12期11卷 740-756页

作者： Agnes Eyoh Marthie Ehlers emilia lyonga mbamyah John Antiabong Charles Fokunang Marleen Kock Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou Michel Toukam Hortense Gonsu Kamga George Ikomey Martha Mesembe Mandi Henshaw Christiana Haddison Sinata Koulla-Shiro Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Medical Microbiology University of Pretoria/National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Pretoria South Africa Ministry of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a risk factor for the development of staphylococcal infections caused by endogenous colonizing strains. Information on the genotypic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus is relevant for managing epidemiological and clinical challenges resulting from the evolutionary differences of this bacterium. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the molecular diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from three high-risk populations in Yaounde, Cameroon. Molecular analysis confirmed that 95% of 100 tested isolates were S. aureus. The mecA and Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukS/F-PV) were detected in 37% (35/95) and 43% (41/95) of isolates respectively and 18% (17/95) of the isolates harboured both the mecA and lukS/F-PV genes. A mixed distribution of both methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA)/PVL and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)/PVL strains were detected within the study population. Community associated MRSA accounted for 94% (33/35) of the isolates, further classified into allotypes SCCmec type IV 54% (19/35) and SCCmec type V 40% (14/35), while two isolates were hospital associated SCCmec type II strains. A majority of the isolates harboured a single aggressive gene regulator allele agr type I. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) generated 18 pulsotypes that grouped isolates irrespective of the study population. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of 12 selected isolates was assigned to six pandemic clonal complexes (CC): CC5 (ST5), CC8 [ST8, (n = 3)], CC15 (ST 15), CC25 (ST 25), CC72 [ST72 (n = 2)] and CC121 [ST 121 (n = 2)] and three atypical sequence types ST 508, ST 699 (CC45) and ST 1289 (CC 88). The study population represents an important reservoir for MRSA, MRSA-PVL and MSSA-PVL which could serve as focal point for further dissemination bringing about significant clin

关键词： Nasal Carriage Methicillin Resistant S. aureus Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Multilocus Sequence Typing

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Genotypic Diversity and Characterization of Quinolone Resistant Determinants from Enterobacteriaceae in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020年第2期10卷 33-45页

作者： emilia Enjema lyonga mbamyah Michel Toukam Marie-Claire Okomo Assoumou Anthony M. Smith Celine Nkenfou Hortense Kamga Gonsu Anicette Chafa Betbeui Martha Tongo Mesembe Agnes Bedie Eyoh George Mondinde Ikomey Sinata Koulla-Shiro Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Center for Enteric Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg South Africa Higher Teachers’ Training College University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon University Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Enterobacteriaceae causes many types of infections which are often treated with quinolones and fluoroquinolone (Q/FQ). The resistance mechanisms to Q/FQ are usually associated with mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region which alter the conformation of target amino acid residues within the protein and in the qnr genes. This study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistant profile of a sample of Enterobacteriaceae from Cameroon and the genetic diversity in quinolone-resistant isolates in view of implementing a better management, treatment, control and prevention of the transmission of these resistant strains. Methods: Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using VITEK 2. The detection of plamid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes was carried out using the conventional PCR method. Sequencing was done using the Applied Biosystem 3500 genetic analyser. DNA fingerprint was obtained using Pulsed-Field Gel electrophoresis. Results: Among 440 Enterobacteriaceae, the most prevalent genera were: Escherichia 178/440 (39.5%);Klebsiella 148/440 (33.6%);Enterobacter 35/440 (8%);Pantoea 28/440 (6.4%);Proteus 14/440 (3.2%) Salmonella 13/440 (3%). Ampicillin resistance showed the highest prevalence with 371/440 (81%) and Imipenem the lowest resistance 9/440 (2.1%). The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was 161/440 (36.6%). The detected plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were: qnrA, 2/161 (1.2%);qnrB, 31/161 (19.3%);qnrS, 13/161 (8.1%): Aac (6')Ib-cr, 84/161 (52.2%) and qepA, 3/161 (1.9%). There were several mutations in the parC gene of Klebsiella leading to S80D and S80N substitutions. Two pairs of Klebsiella peumoniae strains were phenotypically and genotypically identical with 100% similarity in the d

关键词： Enterobacteriaceae Quinolone Resistance Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance qnr Genes

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High Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant <i>Klebsiella</i>Species Isolated from the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2021年第2期11卷 91-99页

作者： emilia Enjema lyonga mbamyah Florence Anjabie Enyeji Judith Torimiro Patience Mangum Modestine Djuissi Aime-Caesar Teukam Martha Tongo Mesembe George Mondinde Ikomey Anicette Chafa Betbeui Dieudonné Sedena William Baiye Agnes Bedie Eyoh Hortense Kamga Gonsu Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background and Purpose: Klebsiella species are amongst the most common causes of a variety of community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections (HAI), characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Most infections caused by Klebsiella species are usually treated using antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of Klebsiella species isolated from in-patients and out-patients at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. The data generated will go a long way to improve on the choice of an adequate empiric antibiotic treatment for infections caused by Klebsiella species. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out over a period of 6 months, spanning from February 2019 to July 2019 with a sample size of 37 isolates, obtained from 6 different clinical specimens. Identification of isolates was done using API 20E identification system (Biomerieux SA, Lyon, France). Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested as described by Kirby-Bauer in 1956. Inhibition diameters were interpreted according to recommendations from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST, 2019). Resul

关键词： Klebsiella Species Antimicrobial Resistance Multidrug Resistance

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