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Carbon sequestration in a bamboo plantation:a case study in a Mediterranean area

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 231-238页

作者： Tommaso Chiti emanuele Blasi Maria Vincenza Chiriaco Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems(DIBAF)University of TusciaVia San C.De Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change(CMCC) Division on Climate Change Impacts on AgricultureForests and Ecosystem Services(IAFES)Via Garbini5101100 ViterboItaly

In the Mediterranean region,despite bamboo being an alien species that can seriously alter plant and ani-mal biocoenosis,the area occupied by bamboo plantations continues to increase,especially for the purpose to seques-ter carbon(C).However,the C dynamics in the soil-plant system when bamboo is grown outside its native area are poorly understood.Here we investigated the C mitigation potential of the fast-growing Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)introduced in Italy for climate-change mitigation.We analyzed aboveground(AGB)and belowground(as root/shoot ratio)biomass,litter and soil organic C(SOC)at O-15-and 15-30-cm depths in a 4-year-old bamboo plantation in comparison with the former annual cropland on which the bamboo was established.To have an idea of the maximum C stored at an ecosystem level,a natural forest adjacent the two sites was also considered.In the plantation,C accumulation as AGB was stimulated,with 14.8±3.1 Mg C ha^(-1) stored in 3 years;because thinning was done to remove culms from the first year,the mean sequestration rate was 4.9 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1).The sequestration rates were high but comparable to other fast-growing tree species in Italy(e.g.,Pinus nigra).SOC was significantly higher in the bamboo plantation than in the cropland only at the 0-15 cm depth,but SOC stock did not differ.Possibly 4 years were not enough time for a clear increase in SOC,or the high nutrient uptake by bamboos might have depleted the soil nutrients,thus inhibiting the soil organic matter formation by bacteria.In comparison,the natural forest had significantly higher C levels in all the pools.For C dynamics at an ecosystem level,the bamboo plantation on the former annual cropland led to substantial C removal from the atmosphere(about 12 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1)).However,despite the promising C sequestration rates by bamboo,its introduction should be carefully considered due to potential ecological problems caused by this species in overexploited environments such as the Mediterranean area.

关键词： Carbon sequestration Climate change mitigation Mediterranean area Moso bamboo Soil organic carbon

A randomized,controlled,open label non-inferiority trial of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in patients with iron deficiency anemia in China

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第1期18卷 98-108页

作者： Jie Jin Zhihua Ran emanuele Noseda Bernard Roubert Matthieu Marty Anna Mezzacasa Udo Michael Göring The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhou310058China Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China Vifor Pharma Glattbrugg8152Switzerland

Iron deficiency(ID)and ID anemia(IDA)pose significant public health concerns in China.Although iron sucrose(IS)treatment is well-established in the country,ferric carboxymaltose(FCM)offers the advantage of higher doses and fewer infusions.This open label,randomized,controlled,non-inferiority trial was conducted at multiple sites in China to compare the outcomes of FCM(maximum of 2 doses,500 or 1000 mg iron)and IS(up to 11 infusions,200 mg iron)treatments in subjects with IDA.The primary endpoint was the achievement of hemoglobin(Hb)response(an increase of⩾2 g/dL from baseline)within 8 weeks,whereas secondary endpoints included changes in Hb,transferrin saturation,and serum ferritin levels.Among the 371 randomized subjects,a similar percentage of subjects treated with FCM and IS achieved Hb-response(FCM 99.4%,IS 98.3%),thereby confirming the non-inferiority of FCM compared with IS(difference 1.12(−2.15,4.71;95%confidence interval(CI))).Furthermore,a significantly higher proportion of FCM-treated subjects achieved early Hb-response at Week 2(FCM 85.2%,IS 73.2%;difference 12.1(3.31,20.65;95%CI)).Additionally,the increase in TSAT and serum ferritin levels from baseline was significantly greater at all time points for FCM-treated subjects.The safety profiles of FCM and IS were comparable,with the exception of transient hypophosphatemia and pyrexia,which are consistent with FCM’s known safety profile.In conclusion,FCM proves to be an efficacious treatment for IDA,providing faster Hb-response and correction of ID with fewer administrations than IS.

关键词： iron deficiency anemia intravenous iron ferric carboxymaltose iron sucrose Hb response early response

Stem cell technology for antitumor drug loading and delivery in oncology

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Oncology Research 2024年第3期32卷 433-437页

作者： FRANCESCO PETRELLA ENRICO MARIO CASSINA LIDIA LIBRETTI emanuele PIRONDINI FEDERICO RAVEGLIA ANTONIO TUORO Department of Thoracic Surgery Fondazione IRCCSS an Gerardo dei TintoriMonza20900Italy

The main aim of antineoplastic treatment is to maximize patient benefit by augmenting the drug accumulation within affected organs and tissues,thus incrementing drug effects and,at the same time,reducing the damage of non-involved tissues to cytotoxic agents.Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSC)represent a group of undifferentiated multipotent cells presenting wide self-renewal features and the capacity to differentiate into an assortment of mesenchymal family cells.During the last year,they have been proposed as natural carriers for the selective release of antitumor drugs to malignant cll,s thus optimizing cytotoxic action on cancer cll,while significantly reducing adverse side efect on healthy cells.MSC chemotherapeutic drug loading and delivery is an encouraging new area of cell therapy for several tumors,especially for those with unsatisfactory prognosis and limited treatment options available.Although some experim ental models have been sucesfuly developed,phase I dinical studies are needed to confirm this potential application of cell therapy,in particular in the case of primary and secondary lung cancers.

关键词： Mesenchymal stromal cell Drug loading Drug delivery Mesothelioma Melanoma Glioblastoma Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Multiple myeloma

Interplay between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and renal function: An intriguing pediatric perspective

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2081-2086页

作者： Michele Nardolillo Fabiola Rescigno Mario Bartiromo Dario Piatto Stefano Guarino Pierluigi Marzuillo emanuele Miraglia del Giudice Anna Di Sessa Department of Woman Child and of General and Specialized SurgeryUniversitàdegli Studi della Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy

Over recent years,the nomenclature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has undergone significant changes.Indeed,in 2020,an expert consensus panel proposed the term“Metabolic(dysfunction)associated fatty liver disease”(MAFLD)to underscore the close association of fatty liver with metabolic abnormalities,thereby highlighting the cardiometabolic risks(such as metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,insulin resistance,and cardiovascular disease)faced by these patients since childhood.More recently,this term has been further replaced with metabolic associated steatotic liver disease.It is worth noting that emerging evidence not only supports a close and independent association of MAFLD with chronic kidney disease in adults but also indicates its interplay with metabolic impairments.However,comparable pediatric data remain limited.Given the progressive and chronic nature of both diseases and their prognostic cardiometabolic implications,this editorial aims to provide a pediatric perspective on the intriguing relationship between MAFLD and renal function in childhood.

关键词： Metabolic(dysfunction)associated fatty liver disease Renal Function Children Obesity

Current status and development of CMOS SiPM for scintillator-based radiation detectors toward all-digital sensors[Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 17-27页

作者： Nicola D'Ascenzo 胡文韬劳慧华越轩张博房磊奚道明郑睿邱奥 emanuele Antonecchia 凌怡清刘雨晴李琰俞航肖鹏谢庆国 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430074China Biomedical Engineering Department Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China RAYQUANT Technology Co. Ltd.Ezhou 436044China RAYSOLUTION Healthcare Co. Ltd.Hefei 230000China RAYMEASURE Technology Co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China RAYCAN Technology Co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Modern scintillator-based radiation detectors require silicon photomultipliers(Si PMs)with photon detection efficiency higher than 40%at 420 nm,possibly extended to the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)region,single-photon time resolution(SPTR)<100 ps,and dark count rate(DCR)<150 kcps/mm^(2).To enable single-photon time stamping,digital electronics and sensitive microcells need to be integrated in the same CMOS substrate,with a readout frame rate higher than 5 MHz for arrays extending over a total area up to 4 mm×4 mm.This is challenging due to the increasing doping concentrations at low CMOS scales,deep-level carrier generation in shallow trench isolation fabrication,and power consumption,among others.The advances at 350 and 110 nm CMOS nodes are benchmarked against available Si PMs obtained in CMOS and commercial customized technologies.The concept of digital multithreshold Si PMs with a single microcell readout is finally reported,proposing a possible direction toward fully digital scintillator-based radiation detectors.

关键词： silicon photomultiplier complementary metal-oxide semiconductor digital SiPM

A Structured Method of Teaching Epidural Block reduces the incidence of accidental dural puncture in inexperienced trainees.

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第4期14卷 131-135页

作者： Marco Scorzoni Gianluigi Gonnella emanuele Capogna Marina Campione Gaetano Draisci Matteo Velardo Giorgio Capogna Department of Anesthesiology Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Economics and Law Enna Kore University Enna Italy European School of Obstetric Anesthesia Rome Italy

Background: The rate of accidental dural puncture is particularly high during the period of training, especially in novices. The structured epidural teaching model (SETM) includes three standardized video lessons, the construction of a 3D epidural module by trainees and practical training by using an epidural simulator with and without the CompuFlo™ Epidural instrument. In this study we report the retrospective analysis of the accidental dural puncture rate of inexperienced trainees during their 6 months clinical practice rotation in obstetrics before and after the introduction of the SETM in our Institution. Method: We evaluated the incidence of accidental dural puncture before the introduction of the SETM methodology and afterwards by analyzing our departmental database from February 2019 to January 2023. All epidural blocks were executed by trainees who had never previously performed an epidural block and were about to begin their obstetrics rotation. Results: We analyzed 7415 epidurals: 3703 were performed before the introduction of the SETM methodology (control group) and 3712 afterwards (study group). The incidence of accidental dural puncture was 0.37% for the control group and 0.13% for the study group (p<.05). The probability of making an accidental dural puncture was 64% (OR: 0.36) lower for trainees who had the training than for those who did not. Conclusions: After the introduction of the structured teaching method, we observed a significant reduction of accidental dural puncture during the training period. We hope that our observation will encourage a constructive discussion among experts about the need to use standardized and validated tools as a valuable aid in teaching epidural anesthesia.

关键词： teaching epidural Anesthesia obstetrical Anesthesia Anesthesia

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for decisionmaking.However,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of information.One such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of application.In this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary data.From this point of view,model-based predictors are typically unbiased.Secondly,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely so.We suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being predicted.We show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true values.Further,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias trend.We argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications:Turbines,Bearings,Sealing,Dams and Waterways,and Ocean Power

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Engineering 2022年第1期8卷 148-158页

作者： emanuele Quaranta Peter Davies European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra 21027Italy Marine Structures Laboratory IFREMER Centre BretagnePlouzané29280France

The hydropower sector is currently experiencing several technological developments.New technologies and practices are emerging to make hydropower more flexible and more sustainable.Novel materials have also been recently developed to increase performance,durability,and reliability;however,no systematic discussions can be found in the literature.Therefore,in this paper,novel materials for hydropower applications are presented,and their performance,advantages,and limitations are discussed.For example,composites can reduce the weight of steel equipment by 50%to 80%,polymers and superhydrophobic materials can reduce head losses by 4%to 20%,and novel bearing materials can reduce bearing wear by 6%.These improvements determine higher efficiencies,longer life span,waste reduction,and maintenance needs,although the initial cost of some materials is not yet competitive with respect to the costs of traditional materials.The novel materials are described here based on the following categories:novel materials for turbines,dams and waterways,bearings,seals,and ocean hydropower.

关键词： Bearing Composite Dam Hydropower Material Ocean Seal Turbine

Injectable versus oral first-line multiple sclerosis therapies:knows and unknowns from observational studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 567-568页

作者： emanuele D’Amico Aurora Zanghì Carlo Avolio Department“G.F.Ingrassia” MS CenterUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Foggia Multiple Sclerosis Center Department of NeurosciencesPoliclinico Riuniti HospitalFoggiaItaly

The approval of oral disease modifying therapies(DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis(RRMS) has changed considerably the therapeutic scenario and they often represent the first therapeutic choice for patie... 详细信息

关键词： al. therapies sclerosis