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Study of Slope Stability Using the Bishop Slice Method: An Approach Combining Analytical and Numerical Analyses

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第8期13卷 1446-1456页

作者： Koffi Judicael Agbelele Guy Oyeniran Adeoti Daniel Yémalin Agossou Gérard gbaguidi Aïsse National School of Technical Education (ENSET) Lokossa Republic of Benin National University of Sciences Technology Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Republic of Benin Laboratory of Test and Studies in Civil Engineering (L2EGC) Abomey Republic of Benin Materials and Structures Laboratory (LAMS) Cotonou Republic of Benin

The importance of slope stability in civil engineering cannot be underestimated, as failure of these structures can result in significant damage to downstream infrastructure and property. In this study, we used the Bishop slice method, combining both an analytical approach and a numerical approach using the SLOPE/W module of the Geostudio 2018 R2 software. The results obtained from these two methods showed that increasing soil cohesion helps to improve slope stability. The safety coefficients obtained by the analytical method vary between 0.621 and 1.422, while those obtained by the numerical method vary between 0.622 and 1.447, for cohesion values ranging from 4 kPa to 20 kPa. The results obtained by these two methods show a linear relationship between the safety coefficients and soil cohesion. The equation of the analytical method is y = 0.0496x + 0.4407, while that of the numerical method is y = 0.0512x + 0.4357. The results of the analytical approach indicate that a safety coefficient of 1.5 is reached when the cohesion reaches a value of 22 kPa, while the numerical approach shows a safety coefficient of 1.5 reached at a cohesion of 21 kPa. The difference between these two cohesion values can be explained by the number of slices used, which is smaller in the analytical method. However, the equation derived from the analytical method can be used as a general guide to assess the evolution of the safety coefficient of an overloaded slope in long-term behaviour with an increase in cohesion. However, it is important to stress the importance of verification using specialised software based on the finite element method.

关键词： Slope Stability Safety Factor Cohesion

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奥运会开幕前后北京PM10输送通量变化及情景分析

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气候与环境研究 2010年第5期15卷 652-661页

作者：王威王自发吴其重 gbaguidi Alex 张伟晏平仲杨婷中国科学院大气物理研究所竺可桢-南森国际研究中心北京100029 中国科学院研究生院北京100049 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层与大气化学国家重点实验室北京100029

利用嵌套网格空气质量预报系统(NAQPMS)的模拟结果,对奥运会开幕前后京津冀地区(2008年7月20日～8月24日)PM10(空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm颗粒物)输送特征进行计算与分析。结果表明,气象条件的改变使得在南、东南和东三个方向输... 详细信息

利用嵌套网格空气质量预报系统(NAQPMS)的模拟结果,对奥运会开幕前后京津冀地区(2008年7月20日～8月24日)PM10(空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm颗粒物)输送特征进行计算与分析。结果表明,气象条件的改变使得在南、东南和东三个方向输入北京地区的PM10通量在数值与分布上发生了较大幅度改变。开幕式前PM10主要自南部边界输送入北京,占输入总通量的55.8%,东南边界次之,占29.4%;奥运期间,二者贡献分别变为38.1%和47%,且入京总通量小时均值由50t下降为40.2t。垂直方向上,开幕式前输送能力最大的区间位于边界层中下部,奥运期间(8月8日～24日)边界层内输送的垂直分布较为平均。另外,结合2006年同期气象场及排放清单,通过替换的方法对奥运会期间的空气质量状况进行了情景模拟,结果表明:气象场的变化在PM10区域输送中起着决定性的作用,但在空气质量的改善方面,污染源减排的效果更为明显。

关键词：北京奥运会可吸入颗粒物减排输送通量

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Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Fresh Fish (Oreochromis aureus): Case of Toho Lake in South Eastern Benin, West Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第3期8卷 159-172页

作者： Nikita Topanou Jean Gouvidé gbaguidi Akpo Essegbemon Roger Gérard Josse Daouda Mama Taofiki Aminou Faculty of Science and Technology Natitingou Water and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Natitingou Benin Hydrology and Water Resources Management (Laboratory of Hydrology Applied) National Water Institute Calavi Benin Ecole de Gestion et de ProductionVégétale et Semencière (EGPVS) Université Nationale d’Agriculture (UNA) Calavi Benin Faculty of Science and Technology of Abomey-Calavi Laboratoire d’Analyse physico-chimique des Milieux Aquatiques (LAPMIA/FAST/CHIMIE/UAC) Cotonou Benin

The protection of aquatic ecosystems is of great importance to maintain the biological balance necessary to secure healthy foods therein imbedded. Toho Lake, located to the south east of Benin, is threatened by pollution emanating from anthropogenic activities with the use of chemical fertilizers, effluent of domestic waste, particularly human and animal excrement with neighbourhood effluents. This study aimed at assessing some heavy metals in fresh fish (Oreochromis aureus) of Toho Lake in order to secure healthy food for the population and protect the ecosystem. Samples of water and fishes were collected and analyzed by HACH DR 3900 after treatment. Results revealed a mean oxygenation of water (4.95 mgo2/l), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (21.5 mgo2/l), Chemical oxygen Demand (149, 39 mg/l) with the nitrogen in Nitrate (NO3: 0.18 mg/l), ammonium nitrate (N-N: 0.47 mg/l), and phosphorous (2.06 mg/l) to be very high. The highest contents of heavy metals obtained in the fresh fish were cadmium (32.25 mg/kg), copper (115 mg/kg), lead (8.25 mg/kg), and zinc (90.75 mg/kg) and revealed that the fishes of Toho lake were polluted. The finding allowed us to conclude that the pollution of the lake and the fish carnage are due to anthropogenic pollution through chemicals spilling. Some protection methods of the lake and ecosystem are proposed in order to keep the fish safe and protect the well-being of the population.

关键词： Fresh Fish Heavy Metals Pollution Toho Lake South Eastern Benin

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Impact of Domestic Solid Waste Management on Wet Land Water Quality: Case of Abomey-Calavi Municipality in Benin Republic

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Natural Resources 2021年第1期12卷 10-17页

作者： Nikita Topanou Jacques K. Fatombi Jean Gouvidé gbaguidi Taofiki Aminou Josse Gérard Mariane Domeizel Faculty of Science and Technology Natitingou Water and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Natitingou Benin Laboratoire Chimie Provence Université Aix-Marseille/CNRS Equipe Chimie Environnement Continental-3 Place Victor Hugo Marseille Cedex France Hydrology and Water Resources Management (Laboratory of Hydrology Applied) National Water Institute Calavi Benin Laboratory for Physical-Chemical Analysis of Aquatic Environments (LAPMIA) of the Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) of Abomey-Calavi University (UAC-Rep of Benin) Abomey-Calavi Benin

The waste management is a major environmental challenge in all the countries. In the Republic of Benin, in absence of controlled landfill, the wetlands are filling in by solid household waste to set up housing environments. This study aimed at identifying the various forms of wetlands water pollutions originated by this practice. Physico-chemical parameters of sampling water were determined by using Ionic chromatography and spectrometry of atomic absorption. The microorganisms indicating fecal peril were identified by the conventional techniques of microbiology. Water quality of a witness well was also used to assess the general water quality of the backfilled wetland. The results revealed the water samples collected from backefilled wetlands were mineralized (898.32 ± 6.13 μs/cm), rich in chlorinate (237.80 ± 4.23 mg/L) and nitrates ions (224.10 ± 3.42 mg/L). They are more colored (399.23 ± 3.01 Pt/Co) and more turbid (62.5 ± 2.48 NTU) than those of the unfilled wetlands. The results of microbiological analysis shown the presence of the cysts of em>Giardia lambliaem> (590/100 L) and cysts of em>Entamoeba histolyticaem> (13/100 L) in all water, except those of witness well. The frequency of water contamination by bacteria indicating general degradation is 86.4%. The embankment of the wetlands by the solid household waste leads to the water pollution.

关键词： Domestic Solid Waste Wetlands Pollution Micro-Organism

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Prevalence of Hypertension during Pregnancy in Benin: Results from STEPS Survey in 2015

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第3期11卷 284-292页

作者： Yessito Corine Nadège Houehanou Salimanou Ariyoh Amidou Djidjoho Joël Arnaud Sonou Maurice Agonnoudé Gwladys Nadia gbaguidi Maria-Conchéta Tchibozo Dismand Houinato National Training School for Senior Technicians in Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance (ENATSE) University of Parakou Parakou Benin National Program for the Control of Noncommunicable Diseases Cotonou Benin University Cardiology Clinic CNHU-HKM Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Chronic and Neurological Disease Epidemiology (LemACEN) Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Hypertension disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal deaths. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women having participated in the STEPS survey in Benin in 2015. Methods: This was a database analysis. STEPS survey included consenting adults aged 18 to 69 years, living in Benin for at least 6 months prior to the survey. The participants were selected in households by a three-stage random sampling technique. The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS instrument was used for data collection. After an individual interview with the participant at home, blood pressure was measured according to WHO recommendations. Pregnant women database was extracted for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression was done for associated factors identification. Results: A total of 2800 women (out of 5127 people) participated in the STEPS study of which 240 declared to be pregnant. The mean age was 28.9 ± 6.8 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 13.3%. Severe hypertension represented 2.9%. Hypertension during pregnancy was associated with primary school education level (compared to none, adjusted OR = 0.3, 95% CI [0.1 - 0.9], p = 0.042). No significant association was found with behavioral factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy is high in Benin. In-depth studies and targeted interventions for prevention should be implemented.

关键词： Hypertension Pregnancy Benin

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of “Electron Go out Mosquito Small Lamp” in Disease Vector Mosquito Control Benin West Africa

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Advances in Entomology 2023年第2期11卷 95-104页

作者： Tatchémè Filémon Tokponnon Phidias gbaguidi Zannou Robert Franck Razaki Osse Sébastien Koudenoukpo Mazaire Bata Sare Dabou Zoulkifilou Houessinon Festus Gounou Idayath Martin C. Akogbeto Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou Ministère de la Santé Cotonou Bénin Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey Calavi Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Ministère de la Santé Cotonou Bénin Ecole de Gestion et d’Exploitation des Systèmes d’Elevage Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Bénin

In the context of mosquito control, a plethora of devices have been put on the market. The effectiveness of these devices is not always proven, but some have interesting principles that have the potential to be a good means of mosquito control. Among these interesting devices are the photonic traps. We have carried out nightly captures of mosquitoes on human baits in the presence and absence of the device. These captures were made during the rainy season in the localities of Zogbadjè and Mènontin. The captures were made under the same atmospheric conditions at the same locations at 5-day intervals. These captures were made twice per house, indoors and outdoors, with one blank capture without the device and one capture with the device. The captured mosquitoes were identified and classified by genus and their aggressiveness determined by calculating the biting rate. A total of 845 mosquitoes were captured during these captures with 296 mosquitoes captured indoors without the device and 132 mosquitoes with the device present. This represents a decrease of 55.40% in culicidae density. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in aggressiveness, from 49 to 22 bites per man per night (b/m/n) with the use of the device. This decrease is even more important for nocturnal species such as Anopheles spp. whose aggressiveness decreased by 90%. The present study confirms the effectiveness of the “Electron go out mosquito small lamp” in reducing Culicidae density and mosquito aggression even in the presence of chemotactic interference. However, this study was limited in time and focused only on the ability of the device to reduce mosquito numbers and did not assess its epidemiological efficacy. It is therefore important to extend the work to examine the influence of the use of this device on population health and the occurrence of mosquito-borne diseases, particularly malaria.

关键词： Mosquito Control Electron Go Out Mosquito Effectiveness Culicidae Density Phototactism Bénin

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Level of Exposure of Populations to Atmospheric Pollution in Southern Benin

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第4期12卷 160-181页

作者： Sèdami Codjo Joël Dossou-Gbete Dominique Kpadonou gbaguidi Magloire Acakpo Nonvignon Vitalique Elegbede Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim Kpessou Virtus Mickael Saizonou Firmin Léonce Dovonon Doctoral School of Exact and Applied Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering-Processes (GC-P) Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

This study focuses on monitoring the exposure of populations in South Benin to atmospheric pollution. Thirteen (13) monitoring points were identified where the Air quality measurements were taken using autonomous electronic devices called “Air Quality Monitor”. Calibrated and turned on, the measuring device automatically determines the concentrations of carbon dioxide CO2, Total Organic Compounds, methanal (HCHO), particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidity (RH). Per site, air pollution levels are recorded for 5 minutes every 30 minutes from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. After the analyses, it appears that the carbon dioxide CO2 contents vary from 400 to 1444 ppm with an average of 486.80 ± 184.3 ppm, the daily contents of Total Volatile Organic Compounds from 0.01 to 6 .91 mg/m3 with a daily average of 0.36 ± 0.65 mg/m3, aldehydes from 0.005 to 3 mg/m3 with an average of 0.05 ± 0.17 mg/m3, for particulate matter of diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) pollution levels vary between 5 and 173.8 μg/m3 with an average of 21.5 ± 17.62 μg/m3. On the other hand, for PM10, the contents vary from 5 to 449.6 μg/m3 with an average of 28.17 ± 31.74 μg/m3, the Air Quality Index (AQI) varies from 0, 3 to 243 with an average of 39 ± 33.16. From the results observed, it appears that the south-western part of South Benin is heavily polluted by CO2, Total Volatile Organic Compounds, PM10 and especially PM2.5 with the city of Cotonou at its head, in particular the Red Star crossroads, the Toyota crossroads and the crossroads after the friendship stadium. The impacts of this pollution could be significant on sensitive people such as the elderly, newborns and patients with acute and chronic respiratory illnesses.

关键词： Ambient Air Quality Southern Benin Cotonou Atmospheric Pollution

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北京空气质量多模式集成预报系统的建立及初步应用

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南京信息工程大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第1期1卷 19-26页

作者：王自发吴其重 Alex gbaguidi 晏平仲张伟王威唐晓中国科学院大气物理所北京100029 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

介绍了北京空气质量多模式集成预报系统（emS-Beijing）．系统中区域空气质量模式包括中国科学院大气物理所自主开发的嵌套网格空气质量模式系统（NAQPMS）模式、美国环保署（EPA）开发的Models-3／CMAQ模式及美国Environ公司开发的CAM... 详细信息

介绍了北京空气质量多模式集成预报系统（emS-Beijing）．系统中区域空气质量模式包括中国科学院大气物理所自主开发的嵌套网格空气质量模式系统（NAQPMS）模式、美国环保署（EPA）开发的Models-3／CMAQ模式及美国Environ公司开发的CAMx模式等，均使用SMOKE排放模型统一处理大气污染排放清单．此系统各模式采用统一的模拟区域和网格分辨率，采用中尺度气象模式MM5提供统一的气象场，并采用算术平均、权重集成等方法集成各空气质量模式结果，并投入北京空气质量业务预报，有效支持了北京奥运会空气质量数值预报．业务预报结果表明：1）采用SMOKE处理的奥运排放清单较接近实际，2008年8月各空气质量模式可吸入颗粒物（PM10）日均值预报结果相对偏差为-3％～17％，与观测数据相关系数在0．7以上；2）在排放清单较接近实际的情况下，PM10日均值多模式算术平均优于单个空气质量模式；3）分析2008年4—11月业务预报表明，采用权重集成方法预报的PM10日均值优于算术平均方法，达61％．总体上，权重集成方法优于算术平均结果．

关键词：空气质量多模式集成 PM10

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Distribution of 26 Metals in the Waters of the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 13-28页

作者： Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim Acakpo Nonvignon Magloire gbaguidi Kpessou Martin Vitus Mickael Saizonou Léonce Firmin Dovonon Gabin Laly Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa emmanuel Azokpota Fabienne Seby Olivier Donard Houénoukpo Henri Soclo Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory (LERCA) Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit (UREEQ) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi (EPAC/UAC) Cotonou Benin Ultra Trace Analysis Aquitaine (UT2A) Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Bio-Inorganic and Environment University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) - Multidisciplinary Institute of Research on Environment and Materials (IPREM 12-UMR 5254) Pau France Applied Statistic and Biometry Study Research Laboratory FSA University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Metallic elements have various origins: natural and anthropogenic sources as geochemical, marine and atmospheric sources resulting from the fallout of pollutants emitted or dust raised and which are transported by water and air currents. Thus marine, brackish and fresh continental waters may have high metal concentrations. In addition, some essential metals can become toxic above certain concentration values in aquatic environments. The aquatic ecosystems of Cotonou channel and lake Nokoué receive the pollutants charges from the town cities of Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi and town hall of So Ava. The aim of this study is to analyze waters from Eighteen (18) stations identified in the two ecosystems (nine by ecosystem). The concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), beryllium (Be), aluminum (Al), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), barium (Ba), platinum (Pt), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), thorium (Th) and uranium (U) were measured after acid digestion of the water samples using the inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results of the analyses indicate an unequal distribution of metals in the different ecosystems. However, atypical concentrations were observed at some stations of the lake and the channel. Magnesium, calcium and manganese have very high values in Lake Nokoué respectively at Ganvié market station GAN_M (2990 ± 105 mg/L), Ganvié center, station GAN_C (4991 ± 177 mg/L) and Lake middle station MLak4 (10662 ± 17.03 μg/L). On the other hand, iron, aluminum and strontium have very high concentrations in the Cotonou Channel respectively at Agbato station AGB (5236 ± 103 and 8289 ± 519 μg/L) and at the estuary station EST (6118 ± 68 μg/L). The concentrations were compared to wells and cborehole waters in sixth neighborhood of Cotonou. We have used statistical

关键词： Metals Water MANOVA R Software Packages Nokoué Lake Cotonou Channel

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS ESSENTIAL OIL AND CITRAL THIOSemICARBAZONE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第4期1卷 103-104页

作者： Habib Toukourou Amoussatou Sakirigui Georges C.Accrombessi Joёlle Quetin-Leclercq Jacques H.Poupaert Fernand A.gbaguidi Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory Benin Center of Ecological Drug Discovery School of pharmacy/ UAC Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique et de Synthese UAC Pharmacognosy Louvain Drug Research Institute UCL Medicinal Chemistry Louvain Drug Research InstituteUCL Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique et de Synthese

Introduction:Tuberculosis,caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis became more prevalent due to drug *** citratus,a crop from the African flora contains an essential oil rich in carbonyl *** of carbonyl compounds with thi... 详细信息

关键词： GC ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS ESSENTIAL OIL AND CITRAL THIOSemICARBAZONE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

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