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Population viability analysis: using a modeling tool to assess the viability of tapir populations in fragmented landscapes

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 356-372页

作者： emília patrícia medici Arnaud Leonard Jean DESBIEZ Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative IPÊ-Institute for Ecological ResearchNazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group(TSG) GlandSwitzerland Escola Superior de Conservação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade(ESCAS/IPÊ) NazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group(CBSG) Brazil NetworkCampo GrandeMSBrazil Royal Zoological Society of Scotland EdinburghScotland

A population viability analysis(PVA)was conducted of the lowland tapir populations in the Atlantic Forest of the Pontal do Paranapanema region,Brazil,including Morro do Diabo State Park(MDSP)and surrounding forest *** from the model projected that the population of 126 tapirs in MDSP is likely to per-sist over the next 100 years;however,200 tapirs would be required to maintain a viable ***-ity analysis showed that sub-adult mortality and adult mortality have the strongest influence on the dynamics of lowland tapir *** road-kill has a major impact on the MDSP tapir population and can lead to population *** modeling showed that dispersal of tapirs from MDSP to the surrounding fragments can be detrimental to the overall metapopulation,as fragments act as ***,the model showed that under certain conditions the maintenance of the metapopulation dynamics might be determinant for the persistence of tapirs in the region,particularly in the smaller *** establishment of corridors con-necting MDSP to the forest fragments models resulted in an increase in the stochastic growth rate,making ta-pirs more resilient to threats and catastrophes,but only if rates of mortality were not increased when using *** PVA showed that the conservation of tapirs in the Pontal region depends on:the effective protection of MDSP;maintenance and,whenever possible,enhancement of the functional connectivity of the landscape,reducing mortality during dispersal and threats in the unprotected forest fragments;and neutralization of all threats affecting tapirs in the smaller forest fragments.

关键词： Atlantic Forest fragmentation lowland tapir minimum viable population population viability analysis

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Distribution, habitat and adaptability of the genus Tapirus

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 346-355页

作者： Manolo J.GARCÍA emília patrícia medici, Eduardo J.NARANJO Wilson NOVARINO Raquel S.LEONARDO Conservationist Research Center San Carlos UniversityGuatemala CityGuatemala Institute for Ecological Research Campo GrandeBrazil El Colegio de la Frontera Sur ChiapasMexico Biology Department Andalas UniversityWest SumatraIndonesia Defensores de la Naturaleza Foundation Guatemala CityGuatemala

In this manuscript,as a starting point,the ancient and current distribution of the genus Tapirus are summarized,from its origins,apparently in Europe,to current ***,original and current tapir habitats are de-scribed,as well as changes in ancient *** the manuscript goes on,we examine the ways in which tapir species interact with their habitats and the main aspects of habitat use,spatial ecology and *** reviewed the historic and current distribution of tapirs,as well as their use and selection of habitats,we intro-duce the concept of adaptability,considering that some of the tapir physiological characteristics and behavior-al strategies can reduce the negative impact of habitat alteration and climate ***,we provide rec-ommendations for future research *** conservation community is still missing important pieces of information for the effective conservation of tapirs and their remaining habitats in Central and South America and Southeast *** how tapir species reached their current distribution ranges,interpreting how they interact with their habitats and gathering information regarding the strategies they use to cope with habitat changes will increase our understanding about these animals and contribute to the development of conservation strategies.

关键词： adaptability climate change distribution habitat Tapirus

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Tapir health and conservation medicine

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 331-345页

作者： Paulo Rogerio MANGINI emilia patrícia medici Renata Carolina FERNANDES-SANTOS Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative IPÊ-Institute for Ecological ResearchNazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil Brazilian Institute for Conservation medicine-TRÍADE RecifePernambucoBrazil IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group(TSG) GlandSwitzerland IUCN/SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group(WHSG) New YorkNYUSA IUCN/SSC Peccary Specialist Group(PSG) GlandSwitzerland Escola Superior de Conservação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade(ESCAS/IPÊ) NazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group(CBSG) Brazil NetworkCampo GrandeBrazil

Tapirs have unique nutritional needs,as well as anatomical,physiological,behavioral and ecological adapta-tions that must be considered when managing their health,both in the wild and in *** about how tapirs live in their natural habitats can provide crucial knowledge to prevent many of the health problems found in captivity such as infectious and parasitic diseases,reproductive issues and nutritional and behavior-al ***,proper management in captivity can significantly contribute to in situ conservation *** medicine is a science created to address the global health crisis that jeopardizes biodiver-sity causing imbalances among ecosystem,human,animal and vegetal *** this context,common threats to tapir health and conservation,such as isolated and small populations surrounded by human activity,chemical pollution,domestic animals and their pathogenic agents,need to be better *** manuscript provides information about the health of tapirs both in captivity and in the wild and aims to encourage tapir conservation-ists worldwide to gather information about pathogen and disease dynamics and manifestation,as well as impli-cations for tapir conservation.

关键词： captive management conservation medicine tapirs wildlife health

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Zooming in REE and Other Trace Elements on Conodonts:Does Taxonomy Guide Diagenesis?

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第3期32卷 501-511页

作者： Luca medici Martina Savioli Annalisa Ferretti Daniele Malferrari National Research Council of Italy Institute of Methodologies for Environmental AnalysisC.da S.Loja-Zona Industriale85050 Tito ScaloPotenzaItaly Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 10341125 ModenaItaly

Conodont elements are calcium phosphate(apatite structure)mineralized remains of the cephalic feeding apparatus of an extinct marine *** to the high affinity of apatite for rare earth elements(REE)and other high field strength elements(HFSE),conodont elements were frequently assumed to be a reliable archive of sea-water composition and changes that had occurred during ***,the crystallinity index of bioapatite,i.e.,the rate of crystallinity of biologically mediated apatite,should be generally linearly dependent on diagenetic alteration as the greater(and longer)the pressure and temperature to which a crystal is exposed,the greater the resulting *** this study,we detected the uptake of HFSE in conodont elements recovered from a single stratigraphic horizon in the Upper Ordovician of Normandy(France).Assuming therefore that all the specimens have undergone an identical diagenetic history,we have assessed whether conodont taxonomy(and morphology)impacts HFSE uptake and crystallinity *** found that all conodont elements are characterized by a clear diagenetic signature,with minor but significant differences among *** distinctions are evidenced also by the crystallinity index values which show positive correlations with some elements and,accordingly,with diagenesis;however,correlations with the crystallinity index strongly depend on the method adopted for its calculation.

关键词： bioapatite crystallinity index HFSE laser ablation mass spectrometry microdiffraction Normandy Ordovician

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Diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11684-11699页

作者： Cara Torruellas Samuel W French Valentina medici Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 United States Department of Pathology UCLA/Harbor Medical Center Torrance CA 90502 United States

Alcohol is a hepatotoxin that is commonly consumed worldwide and is associated with a spectrum of liver injury including simple steatosis or fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a general term used to refer to this spectrum of alcohol-related liver injuries. Excessive or harmful alcohol use is ranked as one of the top five risk factors for death and disability globally and results in 2.5 million deaths and 69.4 million annual disability adjusted life years. All patients who present with clinical features of hepatitis or chronic liver disease or who have elevated serum elevated transaminase levels should be screened for an alcohol use disorder. The diagnosis of ALD can generally be made based on history, clinical and laboratory findings. However, the diagnosis of ALD can be clinically challenging as there is no single diagnostic test that confirms the diagnosis and patients may not be forthcoming about their degree of alcohol consumption. In addition, clinical findings may be absent or minimal in early ALD characterized by hepatic steatosis. Typical laboratory findings in ALD include transaminase levels with aspartate aminotransferase greater than alanine aminotransferase as well as increased mean cor-puscular volume, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and IgA to IgG ratio. In unclear cases, the diagnosis can be supported by imaging and liver biopsy. The histological features of ALD can ultimately define the diagnosis according to the typical presence and distribution of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and Mallory-Denk bodies. Because of the potential reversible nature of ALD with sobriety, regular screening of the general population and early diagnosis are essential.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Diagnosis Alcohol screening Histology Mallory-Denk bodies Prognosis

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The long-COVID-19 in older adults: facts and conjectures

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2679-2681页

作者： Tino emanuele Poloni Valentina medici Antonio Zito Arenn Faye Carlos Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Golgi-Cenci Foundation&Department of RehabilitationASP Golgi-Redaelli-AbbiategrassoMilanItaly Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Golgi-Cenci Foundation-AbbiategrassoMilanItaly Department of Brain and Behavioral Disorders University of Pavia&IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly

The coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)has greatly affected the overall health of the elderly population through direct biological(infection-related)and indirect psychosocial(quarantine-and isolation-related)*** the severe form of COVID-19 most frequently targets this population,the prevalence of long-term sequelae is expected to rise consequentially in people≥65 years *** prominent neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 and the cognitive frailty seen in older adults can both have a negative impact on their mental *** explore the behavioral,neurological,and psychosocial consequences of COVID-19,we conducted separate studies on different populations of older adult people residing in Lombardy-the Italian epicenter of the first pandemic wave in spring 2020.

关键词： consequences Italian COV

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Liver transplantation for Wilson disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2012年第1期4卷 5-10页

作者： Andreea M Catana Valentina medici Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of California

The aim of this paper is to review the current status of liver transplantation (LT) for Wilson disease (WD), focusing on indications and controversies, especially in patients with neuropsychiatric disease, and on identification of acute liver failure (ALF) cases related to WD. LT remains the treatment of choice for patients with ALF, as initial presentation of WD or when anti-copper agents are stopped, and for patients with chronic liver disease progressed to cirrhosis, unresponsive to chelating medications or not timely treated with copper chelating agents. The indication for LT in WD remains highly debated in patients with progressive neurological deterioration and failure to improve with appropriate medical treatment. In case of Wilsonian ALF, early identification is key as mortality is 100% without emergency LT. As many of the copper metabolism parameters are believed to be less reliable in ALF, simple biochemical tests have been proposed for diagnosis of acute WD with good sensitivity and specificity. LT corrects copper metabolism and complications resulting from WD with excellent 1 and 5 year survival. Living related liver transplantation represents an alternative to deceased donor LT with excellent long-term survival, without disease recurrence. Future options mayinclude hepatocyte transplantation and gene therapy. Although both of these have shown promising results in animal models of WD, prospective human studies are much needed to demonstrate their long-term beneficial effects and their potential to replace the need for medical therapy and LT in patients with WD.

关键词： Wilson disease Liver transplantation Copper Indications Contraindications

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Therapeutic effect of Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 1190-fermented milk on chronic gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第13期16卷 1622-1630页

作者： Cecilia Rodríguez Marta medici Fernanda Mozzi Graciela Font de Valdez Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET Cátedra Microbiología Superior Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de Tucumán

AIM: To investigate the potential therapeutic effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) CRL 1190 fermented milk on chronic gastritis in Balb/c mice. METHODS: Balb/c mice were fed with the fermented milk for 7 d after inducing gastritis with acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA, 400 mg/kg body weight per day for 10 d). Omeprazole was included in this study as a positive therapeutic control. The gastric in? ammatory activity was evaluated from gastric histology and in? ammation score, number of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (INFγ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cytokine-producing cells in the gastric mucosa, and thickness of the mucus layer. RESULTS: Animals receiving treatment with the EPS-producing S. thermophilus CRL 1190 fermented milk showed a conserved gastric mucosa structure similar to that of healthy animals. In? ammation scores of the fermented milk-treated mice were lower than those of mice in the gastritis group (0.2 ± 0.03 vs 2.0 ± 0.6, P < 0.05). A marked decrease in INFγ+ (15 ± 1.0 vs 28 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) and TNF-α+ (16 ± 3.0 vs 33 ± 3.0, P < 0.05) cells and an increase in IL-10+ (28 ± 1.5 vs 14 ± 1.3, P < 0.05) cells compared to the gastritis group, was observed. Also, an increase in the thickness of the mucus gel layer (2.2 ± 0.6 vs 1.0 ± 0.3; 5.1 ± 0.8 vs 1.5 ± 0.4 in the corpus and antrum mucosa, respectively, P < 0.05) compared with the gastritis group was noted. A milk suspension of the purif ied EPS from S. thermophilus CRL1190 was also effective as therapy for gastritis.

关键词： Lactic acid bacteria Probiotics Gastritis Streptococcus thermophilus Exopolysaccharides

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Clinical features of alcoholic hepatitis in latinos and caucasians: A single center experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第40期23卷 7274-7282页

作者： Rogelio Pinon-Gutierrez Blythe Durbin-Johnson Charles H Halsted Valentina medici Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine University of California Davis Division of Biostatistics University of California Davis Department of Public Health Sciences

AIM To study differences of presentation, management, and prognosis of alcoholic hepatitis in Latinos compared to Caucasians. METHODS We retrospectively screened 876 charts of Caucasian and Latino patients who were evaluated at University of California Davis Medical Center between 1/1/2002-12/31/2014 with the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease. We identified and collected data on 137 Caucasians and 64 Latinos who met criteria for alcoholic hepatitis, including chronic history of heavy alcohol use, at least one episode of jaundice with bilirubin ≥ 3.0 orcoagulopathy, new onset of liver decompensation or acute liver decompensation in known cirrhosis within 12 wk of last drink. RESULTS The mean age at presentation of alcoholic hepatitis was not significantly different between Latinos and Caucasians. There was significant lower rate of overall substance abuse in Caucasians compared to Latinos and Latinos had a higher rate of methamphetamine abuse(12.5% vs 0.7%) compared to Caucasians. Latinos had a higher mean number of hospitalizations(5.3 ± 5.6 vs 2.7 ± 2.7, P = 0.001) and mean emergency Department visits(9.5 ± 10.8 vs 4.5 ± 4.1, P = 0.017) for alcohol related issues and complications compared to Caucasians. There was significantly higher rate of complications of portal hypertension including gastrointestinal bleeding(79.7% vs 45.3%, P < 0.001), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(26.6% vs 9.5%, P = 0.003), and encephalopathy(81.2% vs 55.5%, P = 0.001) in Latinos compared to *** Latinos have significant higher rates of utilization of acute care services for manifestations alcoholic hepatitis and complications suggesting poor access to outpatient care.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Latino Hispanic Caucasian Alcoholic liver disease

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Iron Mobilization and Mineralogical Alterations Induced by Iron-Deficient Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus L.) in a Calcareous Soil

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 59-69页

作者： Concetta Eliana GATTULLO Youry PII Ignazio ALLEGRETTA Luca medici Stefano CESCO Tanja MIMMO Roberto TERZANO Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen/Bolzano Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis National Research Council of Italy (I.M.A.A.-C.N.R.)

Dicotyledons cope with ion(Fe) shortage by releasing low-molecular-weight organic compounds into the rhizosphere to mobilize Fe through reduction and complexation mechanisms. The effects induced by these root exudates on soil mineralogy and the connections between Fe mobilization and mineral weathering processes have not been completely clarified. In a batch experiment, we tested two different kinds of organic compounds commonly exuded by Fe-deficient plants, i.e., three organic acids(citrate, malate, and oxalate)and three flavonoids(rutin, quercetin, and genistein), alone or in combination, for their ability to mobilize Fe from a calcareous soil and modify its mineralogy. The effect of root exudates on soil mineralogy was assessed in vivo by cultivating Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient cucumber plants(Cucumis sativus L.) in a RHIZOtest device. Mineralogical analyses were performed by X-ray powder diffraction. The batch experiment showed that citrate and, particularly, rutin(alone or combined with organic acids or genistein)promoted Fe mobilization from the soil. The combinations of rutin and organic acids modified the soil mineralogy by dissolving the amorphous fractions and promoting the formation of illite. These mineralogical alterations were significantly correlated with the amount of Fe mobilized from the soil. The RHIZOtest experiment revealed a drastic dissolution of amorphous components in the rhizosphere soil of Fe-deficient plants, possibly caused by the intense release of phenolics, amino acids, and organic acids, but without any formation of illite. Both batch and RHIZOtest experiments proved that exudates released by cucumber under Fe deficiency concurred to the rapid modification(on a day-scale) of the mineralogy of a calcareous soil.

关键词： flavonoids mineral weathering organic acids rhizosphere X-ray powder diffraction

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