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Efficiency of white lupin in the removal of mercury from contaminated soils: Soil and hydroponic experiments

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第3期22卷 421-427页

作者： Pilar Zornoza Rocío Milln M. Jos Sierra Almudena Seco elvira Esteban Department of Agricultural Science Autonomous University of Madrid Francisco Tomsy Valiente 7. E-28049 Madrid Spain Research Center for Energy Environment and Technology Environmental Department. Soil Degradation Research Unit. Av. Complutense 22. E-28040 Madrid Spain

This study examined the ability of the white lupin to remove mercury （Hg） from a hydroponic system （Hg concentrations 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L） and from soil in pots and lysimeters （total Hg concentration （19.2 ± 1.9） mg/kg availability 0.07%, and （28.9 ± 0.4） mg/kg availability 0.09%, respectively）, and investigated the accumulation and distribution of Hg in different parts of the plant. White lupin roots efficiently took up Hg, but its translocation to the harvestable parts of the plant was low. The Hg concentration in the seeds posed no risk to human health according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, but the shoots should not be used as fodder for livestock, at least when unmixed with other fodder crops. The accumulation of Hg in the hydroponically-grown plants was linear over the concentration range tested. The amount of Hg retained in the roots, relative to the shoots, was almost constant irrespective of Hg dose （90%）. In the soil experiments, Hg accumulation increased with exposure time and was the greater in the lysimeter than in the pot experiments. Although Hg removal was the greater in the hydroponic system, revealing the potential of the white lupin to extract Hg, bioaccumulation was the greatest in the lysimeter-grown plants; the latter system more likely reflects the true behaviour of white lupin in the field when Hg availability is a factor that limits Hg removal. The present results suggest that the white lupin could be used in long-term soil reclamation strategies that include the goal of profitable land use in Hg-polluted areas.

关键词： edible plant parts hydroponic-soil-lysimeter experiments Lupinus albus L. mercury

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Effects of L-carnitine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第45期11卷 7197-7202页

作者： Mariano Malaguarnera Giovanni Pistone Rampello elvira Carmelo Leotta Linda Scarpello Rampello Liborio Department of Senescence Department of Neurosciences

AIM： To evaluate the influence of Locarnitine on mental conditions and ammonia effects on patients with hepatic encephalopathy （HE）. METHODS： One hundred and fifty patients （10 patients with alcoholism, 41 patients with hepatitis virus B infection, 78 patients with hepatitis C virus infection, 21 patients with cryptogenetic cirrhosis） meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into group A receiving a 90-d treatment with L-carnitine （2 g twice a day） or into group B receiving placebo in double blind. RESULTS： At the end of the study period, a significant decrease in NI-14 fasting serum levels was found in patients with hepatic encephalopathy （P〈0.0S） after the treatment with levocarnitine （LC）. Significant differences were also found between symbol digit modalities test and block design in patients with hepatic encephalopathy （P〈0.0S）. CONCLUSION： Results of our study suggest an important protective effect of L-carnitine against ammonia-precipitated encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Carnitine Cirrhosis Ammonia Treatment

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Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction in adults:comparison of the double-pass system,retinoscopy,subjective refraction and a table-mounted autorefractor

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第5期6卷 618-625页

作者： Meritxell Vilaseca Montserrat Arjona Jaume Pujol elvira Peris Vanessa Martìnez Centre for Sensors Instruments and Systems Development(CD6)Technical University of Catalonia University Vision Centre (CUV) Department of Optics and OptometryTechnical University of Catalonia

AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of spherical equivalent(SE) estimates of a double-pass system and to compare it with retinoscopy,subjective refraction and a table mounted ***:Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed on 125 eyes of 65 healthy adults(age 23.5±3.0 years) from October 2010 to January 2011 using retinoscopy,subjective refraction,autorefraction(Auto kerato refractometer TOPCON KR-8100,Japan) and a double pass system(Optical Quality Analysis System,OQAS,Visiometrics S.L.,Spain).Nine consecutive measurements with the double-pass system were performed on a subgroup of 22 eyes to assess *** evaluate the trueness of the OQAS instrument,the SE laboratory bias between the double pass system and the other techniques was ***:The SE mean coefficient of repeatability obtained was *** correlations could be established between the OQAS and the SE obtained with retinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjective refraction(r=0.955,P<0.001) and autorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).The differences in SE between the double-pass system and the other techniques were significant(P<0.001),but lacked clinical relevance except for retinoscopy;Retinoscopy gave more hyperopic values than the double-pass system-0.51±0.50D as well as the subjective refraction-0.23±0.50D;More myopic values were achieved by means of autorefraction 0.24±0.49D. CONCLUSION:The double-pass system provides accurate and reliable estimates of the SE that can be used for clinical *** technique can determine the correct focus position to assess the ocular optical ***,it has a relatively small measuring range in comparison with autorefractors(-8.00 to +5.00D),and requires prior information on the refractive state of the patient.

关键词： double-pass system optical quality retinoscopy autorefraction subjective refraction accuracy repeatability trueness

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Increasing the performance of anaerobic digestion:Pilot scale experimental study for thermal hydrolysis of mixed sludge

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 135-141页

作者： S.I.PEREZ-elvira M.FDZ-POLANCO F.FDZ-POLANCO Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology University of ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain

The performance of a pilot plant operation combining thermal hydrolysis(170℃,30 min)and anaerobic digestion(AD)was studied,determining the main properties for samples of fresh mixed sludge,hydrolyzed sludge,and digested sludge,in order to quantify the thermal pretreatment performance(disintegration,solubilisation,and dewaterability)and its impact on the anaerobic digestion performance(biodegradability,volatile solids reduction,and digester rheology)and end product characteristics(dewaterability,sanitation,organic and nitrogen content).The disintegration achieved during the thermal treatment enhances the sludge centrifugation,allowing a 70%higher total solids concentration in the feed to anaerobic *** digestion of this sludge generates 40%more biogas in half the time,due to the higher solids removal compared to a conventional *** waste generated can be dewatered by centrifugation to 7%dry solids without polymer addition,and is pathogen free.

关键词： anaerobic digestion(AD) biogas performance sludge thermal hydrolysis

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MgO-based adsorbents for CO2 adsorption:Influence of structural and textural properties on the CO_2 adsorption performance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 418-428页

作者： Gutiérrez-Bonilla elvira Granados-Correa Francisco Sánchez-Mendieta Víctor Morales-Luckie Raúl Alberto National Institute of Nuclear Research Department of ChemistryA.P.18-1027Col.EscandonMigud Hidalgo DelegationZip Code 1180 Mexico D.F.Mexico Autonomous University of Mexieo State Faculty of ChemistryColon avenueintersection with ride Tollocan s/n TolucaMexicoMexico

A series of MgO-based adsorbents were prepared through solution–combustion synthesis and ball-milling *** prepared MgO-based powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,N_2 physisorption measurements,and employed as potential adsorbents for CO_2 *** influence of structural and textural properties of these adsorbents over the CO_2 adsorption behaviour was also *** results showed that MgO-based products prepared by solution–combustion and ball-milling processes,were highly porous,fluffy,nanocrystalline structures in nature,which are unique physico-chemical properties that significantly contribute to enhance their CO_2 *** was found that the MgO synthesized by solution combustion process,using a molar ratio of urea to magnesium nitrate（2：1）,and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr（MgO-BM2.5h）,exhibited the maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity of 1.611 mmol/g at 25℃ and 1 atm,mainly via *** CO_2 adsorption behaviour on the MgO-based adsorbents was correlated to their improved specific surface area,total pore volume,pore size distribution and *** reusability of synthesized MgO-BM2.5h was confirmed by five consecutive CO_2adsorption–desorption times,without any significant loss of performance,that supports the potential of MgO-based *** results confirmed that the special features of MgO prepared by solution–combustion and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr are favorable to be used as effective MgO-based adsorbent in post-combustion CO_2 capture technologies.

关键词： CO_2 adsorption MgO-based adsorbents Porous materials Solution–combustion synthesis Ball-milling process Textural properties

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Ecology and local knowledge of the Baird’s tapir (Tapirella bairdii) in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Mexico

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 361-374页

作者： Mario César LAVARIEGA NOLASCO Miguel BRIONES-SALAS Amado MAZAS-TEODOCIO elvira DURÁN-MEDINA Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integral Development Oaxaca UnitNational Polytechnic InstituteOaxacaMexico

As well as being of global cultural importance(from local tribal folklore to being an iconic species for conservation),the tapir plays an important role in its ecosystem as a herbivore and seed ***,the ecology and ethnozoology of the endangered Baird’s tapir in the north of Oaxaca,Mexico is poorly *** used camera traps to estimate its relative abundance and density and to describe the activity patterns of the northernmost population of Baird’s tapir in the Sierra Madre de *** knowledge concerning the tapir was also documented,along with the conservation strategies undertaken by the 2 indigenous communities that own the land where the study site is *** adult tapirs were photographed,and these were active 14 h per day,but were mainly nocturnal and *** estimated relative abundance(12.99±2.24 events/1000 camera days)and density values(0.07-0.24 individuals/km2)were both similar to those found in another site in Mexico located within a protected ***-structured interviews revealed that people have a basic understanding of the eating habits,activity and main predators of the *** were reports of hunting,although not among those respondents who regularly consume bush ***,the relative abundance and density estimates of tapir at the study site could be related to the favorable condition of the forest and the absence of hunting and consumption of tapir ***,the local people are conducting initiatives promoting the conservation of this ungulate and its habitat that combine to constitute a regional trend of habitat and wildlife protection.

关键词： camera-trapping density estimation random encounter model tapir conservation

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Cellulose Acetate Thermoplastics with High Modulus, Dimensicnal Stability and Anti-migration Properties by Using CA-g-PLA as Macromolecular Plasticizer

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2020年第10期38卷 1141-1148,I0008页

作者： Ru-Meng Xu Tian-Tian Yang elvira Vidovic Ruo-Nan Jia Jin-Ming Zhang Qin-Yong Mi Jun Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastis CAS Research/Education Center for Exellence in Molecular SciencesIstute of Chemistry.Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China University ofChinese Academy ofSciences Bejing 10049 China Faculty ofChemical Engineering and Technology.University ofZagreb Zagreb 1000Croatia

Cellulose diacetate(CDA)can be melt processed to produce numerous and widely-used plastic ***,due to the high glass transition temperature(Tg)of CDA,the addition of up to 30 wt%of micromolecular plasticizers is indispensable,which significantly reduces the dimensional stability and raises safety concerns from the migration of *** this work,a series of CDA-graft poly(lactic acid)(CDA-g-PLA)copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of lactide onto the hydroxyI groups of *** resultant CDA-g-PLA copolymers possess adjustable degrees of substitution(DSpua)and side chain length(DPpLa)by controlling the reaction time and feed *** Tgs and thermal flow temperatures(Ts)of CDA-g-PLA strongly depend on DPpA such as the Tgs decrease linearly with the increase of *** CDA-g-PLA copolymers with the DPLA of 3-9 can be directly processed to transparent plastics by melt processing without any external plasticizers,because of their low Tfs of 170-215℃.More *** CDA-g PLA can act as the macromolecular *** obtained CDA/CDA-g-PLA has higher storage modulus,flexural modulus and Young's modulus than the commercial CDA plasticized with triethyl *** addition,the CDA/CDA-g PLA exhibits high dimensional stabilty and anti-migration *** a long term treatment at 80℃ and 60%humidity,the CDA/CDA-g-PLA can retain the initial ***,this work not only proposes a facile method for achieving a direct thermoplastic processing of CDA,but also provides a macromolecular plasticizer for CDA to make lightweight,stable and safer biobased thermoplastics.

关键词： Cellulose diacetate Thermoplastic processing Macromolecular plasticizer Poly(actic acid)

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Chemical Variation in Essential Oils of Salvia Officmalis L, Ecotypes Cultivated in Albania

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Journal of Life Sciences 2015年第3期9卷 95-102页

作者： elvira Bazina Natural Resources Sustainability and Export Markets Development Consultant Tirana I000 Albania.

Salvia officinalis L. was cultivated in different geographic locations of Albania. Sage plants originated from imported seeds and wild Albanian plants. Around 30 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oils of all cultivated sage plants; the latter were found to be very rich in camphen, fl-thujone, a-pinene, eucaliptol, rich to moderate in β-pinene and camphor, and less rich in a-thujone and limonene. Sharp differences in chemical composition patterns and content of individual chemical compounds were noticed between and within cultivation sites. Cultivated sage was poorer in α-thujone versus wild plants. Cultivated sage, of Albanian wild plants origin, was the richest in α-thujone （18.45%） versus imported seeds sage. β-thujone over-dominated α-thujone in all cultivated sage plants. Volatile characters of cultivated sage were indicative of the species but not of the geographic origin of plant material. Variation in essential oils composition and chemical compounds＇ content （biosynthetic pathways） in cultivated sage is related more to the genetic background than the environmental factors. If cultivating sage in Albania, then wild local ecotypes would be best to use as α-thujone is maintained at satisfactory levels, local natural base is preserved, unnecessary hybridization with imported seeds sage is prevented, and are more resistant and cost effective.

关键词： Sage Headspace-GC/MC chemical composition variation cultivation.

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Effect of anchor and functional groups in functionalized graphene devices

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 138-148页

作者： elvira Pembroke Gedeng Ruan Alexander Sinitskii David A. Corley Zheng Yan Zhengzong Sun James M. Tour Departments of Chemistry Rice University MS 222 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA Computer Science Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University MS 222 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA

The electrical properties of chemically derived graphene and graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition （CVD）, until now, have been inferior to those of mechanically exfoliated graphene. However, because graphene is easier to produce in large quantities through CVD or growth from solid carbon sources, it has a higher potential for use in future electronics applications. Generally, modifications to the pristine lattice structure of graphene tend to adversely affect the electrical properties by shifting the doping level and changing the conductivity and the mobility. Here we show that a small degree of graphene surface functionalization, using diazonium salts with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating functional groups, is sufficient to predominantly induce p-type doping, undiminished mobility, and higher conductivity at the neutrality point. Molecules without a diazonium anchor group desorb easily and do not have a significant effect on the electronic properties of graphene devices. We further demonstrate the variability between identically fabricated pristine devices, thereby underscoring the caution needed when characterizing graphene device behaviors lest conclusions be drawn based on singular extremes.

关键词： chemical vapor deposition graphene diazonium functionali zation neutrality point

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Ectopic papilla of Vater in the pylorus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第41期15卷 5221-5223页

作者： Iván Guerra Luis Ramón Rábago Fernando Bermejo elvira Quintanilla Silvia García-Garzón Gastroenterology Service University Hospital Severo Ochoa Leganés 28911 Madrid Spain

The major papilla of Vater is usually located in the second portion of the duodenum, to the posterior medial wall. Sometimes the mouth of the biliary duct is located in other areas. Drainage of the common bile duct into the pylorus is extremely rare. A 73-year old man, with a history of duodenal ulcer, was admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of cholangitis. Dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary duct was observed by abdominal ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） was performed. No area suggesting the presence of the papilla of Vater was found within the second duodenal portion. Finally the major papilla was located in the theoretical pyloric duct. Cholangiography was performed and choledocholithiasis was found in the biliary tree. The patient underwent dilatation of the papilla with a balloon tyre and removal of a 7 mm stone using a Dormia basket, which solved the problem without further complications. This anomaly increased the difficulty of performing therapeutic interventions during ERCR This alteration in anatomy may increase the risk of complications during papillotomy, with a theoretically higher risk of perforation. Dilatation using a balloon was the chosen therapeutic technique both in our case and in the literature, due to its low rate of complications.

关键词： Ectopic common bile duct Endoscopic dilatation Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatog- raphy Papilla of Vater Papillotomy Pyloric drainage

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