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The aggressive invasion of exotic reptiles in Florida with a focus on prominent species： A review

Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： Richard ENGEMAN elliott jacobson Michael L. AVERY Walter E. MESHAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The State Museum of Pennsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the two worst invasive species problems in the USA, and the state is espe-cially susceptible to establishment by alien reptiles. Besides the large numbers of established non-native reptile species in Florida, many of these species present novel difficulties for management, or have other characteristics making effective management ex-tremely challenging. Moreover, initiation of management action requires more than recognition by experts that a potentially harmful species has become established. It also requires the political will along with concomitant resources and appropriate per-sonnel to develop effective methods and apply them. We review the situation in Florida, including assessment of risk for estab- lishment, and we use a subset of prominent species to illustrate in more detail the array of invasive reptile species circumstances in Florida, including routes of introduction, impacts, and potential and implemented management actions. These examples not only highlight the severity of the invasive reptile problems in the state, but they also show the diversity in resolve and response towards them and the motivating factors [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Argentine black and white tegus Biophysical ecology Burmese pythons Control Green and spiny-tailed iguanas,Invasive species Nile monitors Northern curlytail lizards

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Environmental temperatures,physiology and behavior limit the range expansion of invasive Burmese pythons in southeastern USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 271-285页

作者： elliott R.jacobson David G.BARKER Tracy M.BARKER Richard MAULDIN Michael L.AVERY Richard ENGEMAN Stephen SECOR College of Veterinary Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida Vida Preciosa International(VPI) BoerneTexas US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterGainesvilleFlorida Department of Biological Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA

A well-established population of Burmese pythons resides in the Everglades of southern *** in part by a report that identified much of southern USA as suitable habitat for expansion or establishment of the Burmese python,we examined the plausibility of this snake to survive winters at sites north of the *** integrated daily low and high temperatures recorded from October to February from 2005-2011 at Homestead,Orlando and Gainesville,Florida;and Aiken,South Carolina,with minimum temperatures projected for python digestion(16℃),activity(5℃)and survival(0℃).Mean low and high temperatures decreased northward from Homestead to Aiken and the number of days of freezing temperatures increased *** was impaired or inhibited for 2 months in the Everglades and up to at least 5 months in Aiken,and activity was increasingly limited northward during these *** of overwinter survivorship document that a single bout of low and freezing temperatures results in python *** capacity for Burmese pythons to successfully overwinter in more temperate regions of the USA is seemingly prohibited because they lack the behaviors to seek refuge from,and the physiology to tolerate,cold *** tropical Southeast Asia is the source of the Everglades Burmese pythons,we predict it is unlikely that they will be able to successfully expand to or colonize more temperate areas of Florida and adjoining states due to their lack of behavioral and physiological traits to seek refuge from cold temperatures.

关键词： ambient temperature Burmese python invasion snake thermal tolerance

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Evaluation of natural goethite on the removal of arsenate and selenite from water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 133-141页

作者： Andrew T.jacobson Maohong Fan Department of Chemical Engineering University of Wyoming

Elevated arsenic and selenium concentrations in water cause health problems to both humans and wildlife. Natural and anthropogenic activities have caused contamination of these elements in waters worldwide, making the development of efficient cost-effective methods in their removal essential. In this work, removal of arsenate and selenite from water by adsorption onto a natural goethite(α-FeO OH) sample was studied at varying conditions. The data was then compared with other arsenate, selenite/goethite adsorption systems as much of literature shows discrepancies due to varying adsorption conditions. Characterization of the goethite was completed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. Pseudo-first order(PFO) and pseudo-second order(PSO) kinetic models were applied; including comparisons of different regression methods. Various adsorption isotherm models were applied to determine the best fitting model and to compare adsorption capacitates with other works. Desorption/leaching of arsenate and selenite was studied though the addition of phosphate and hydroxyl ions. Langmuir isotherm modeling resulted in maximum adsorption capacities of 6.204 and 7.740 mg/g for arsenate and selenite adsorption,respectively. The PSO model applied with a non-linear regression resulted in the best kinetic fits for both adsorption and desorption of arsenate and selenite. Adsorption decreased with increasing pH. Phosphate induced desorption resulted in the highest percentage of arsenate and selenite desorbed, while hydroxide induced resulted in the fastest desorption kinetics.

关键词： Arsenic Selenium Adsorption Desorption FeOOH Water treatment

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Synthesis and Structures of A Series of Novel Rare Earth Transition Metal Sulfates

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 659-662页

作者：王希渠刘鲁美 Allan J.jacobson Department of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston Houston TX 77204-5003USA

Seven new rare earth transition metal sulfates were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions under conditions slightly above the critical point of water. Their crystal structures were determined from single crystal X-ray data. The compositions of the new compounds can be represented by two general formulae ： REM （OH） 3 （SO4） and RE2M （OH） 3 （SO4） 2F （H2O） with RE = Gd, Tb, Dy ; M = Ni, Cu. Three different crystal structure types were found for the formula REM （OH） 3 （SO4）. The structures of the new compounds all feature infinite chains of REOn coordination polyhedra, which are connected to chains of CuO6 or NiO6 octabedra. The limited size range of the rare earth cations observed in these compounds is most likely because of interactions between the octabedral chains and the chains of REOn polyhedra. The new compounds are closely related to the known yttrium transition metal sulfates.

关键词： rare earth sulfate transition metal sulfate hydrothermal synthesis crystal structure

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Analysis of genetic diversity in banana cultivars(Musa cvs.) from the South of Oman using AFLP markers and classification by phylogenetic,hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第5期11卷 332-341页

作者： Umezuruike Linus OPARA Dan jacobson Nadiya Abubakar AL-SAADY Department of Horticultural Science Faculty of AgricSciencesUniversity of Stellenbosch Department of Viticulture and Oenology Institute of Wine BiotechnologyFaculty of AgricSciencesUniversity of Stellenbosch Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos University

Banana is an important crop grown in Oman and there is a dearth of information on its genetic diversity to assist in crop breeding and improvement *** study employed amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) to investigate the genetic variation in local banana cultivars from the southern region of *** 12 primer combinations,a total of 1094 bands were scored,of which 1012 were ***-two unique markers were identified,which revealed the distinct separation of the seven *** results obtained show that AFLP can be used to differentiate the banana *** classification by phylogenetic,hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses showed significant differences between the clusters found with molecular markers and those clusters created by previous studies using morphological *** on the analytical results,a consensus dendrogram of the banana cultivars is presented.

关键词： Musa Genetic diversity Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) Phylogenetics Principal component analysis(PCA) Hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA) Oman

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Organizational Changes Needed in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies:A Qualitative Study among Managers at a Major Hospital

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 481-494页

作者： Ingela Wennman Catharina jacobson Eric Carlström Anders Hyltander Amir Khorram‑Manesh Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41346GothenburgSweden Preparedness Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital41305 GothenburgSweden Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of SurgerySahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41345GothenburgSweden

Most hospitals have a contingency plan,based on all-risks and all-hazards assessment ***,emerging threats and risks often necessitate a flexible approach to emergency management at several levels of a disaster response system,for example,in ***,and possibly other countries,has limited possibilities of surge capacity in the management of large-scale disasters and emergencies,which necessitates a local/national partnership and a flexible local disaster and contingency *** study evaluates the opinions of a selected managerial group,both at operative and strategic levels,regarding possible changes in a major hospital's contingency plan during the ongoing COVID-19 *** interviews were conducted to explore the elements of surge capacity and an operational tool,consisting of command and control,safety,communication,assessment,triage,treatment,and *** results show a need to create feasible management methods that can be evaluated,establish clear leadership,put preparedness as a constant point on the highest managerial agenda,improve external monitoring,and create a regional coordinating ***,the results emphasize the significant role played by the incident command system and qualified leadership to facilitate competent and crucial medical decision making,as well as to provide reliable communication,collaboration,and coordination in a multi-agency response system during dynamic and unexpected *** steps enable a constant connection between reactive contingency plans and the proactivity in continuous risk assessment and enhance the flexibility of the contingency plans.

关键词： Disaster risks Organizational changes Public health emergencies Sweden

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Transition clinic attendance is associated with improved beliefs and attitudes toward medicine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第29期23卷 5405-5411页

作者： Nancy Fu Kevan jacobson Andrew Round Kathi Evans Hong Qian Brian Bressler Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Centre of Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences

To evaluated the differences in knowledge, adherence, attitudes, and beliefs about medicine in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) attending transition clinics. METHODSWe prospectively enrolled patients from July 2012 to June 2013. All adolescents who attended a tertiary-centre-based dedicated IBD transition clinic were invited to participate. Adolescent controls were recruited from university-affiliated gastroenterology offices. Participants completed questionnaires about their disease and reported adherence to prescribed therapy. Beliefs in Medicine Questionnaire was used to evaluate patients’ attitudes and beliefs. Beliefs of medication overuse, harm, necessity and concerns were rated on a Likert scale. Based on necessity and concern ratings, attitudes were then characterized as accepting, ambivalent, skeptical and indifferent. RESULTSOne hundred and twelve adolescents were included and 59 attended transition clinics. Self-reported adherence rates were poor, with only 67.4% and 56.8% of patients on any IBD medication were adherent in the transition and control groups, respectively. Adolescents in the transition cohort held significantly stronger beliefs that medications were necessary (P = 0.0035). Approximately 20% of adolescents in both cohorts had accepting attitudes toward their prescribed medicine. However, compared to the control group, adolescents in the transition cohort were less skeptical of (6.8% vs 20.8%) and more ambivalent (61% vs 34%) (OR = 0.15; 95%CI: 0.03-0.75; P = 0.02) to treatment. CONCLUSIONAttendance at dedicated transition clinics was associated with differences in attitudes in adolescents with IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Adolescents Transition Beliefs Knowledge Attitudes

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The effect of EMG magnitude on the masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potential(mVEMP)

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Journal of Otology 2022年第4期17卷 203-210页

作者： Daniel J.Romero Gary P.jacobson Richard A.Roberts Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Division of Vestibular SciencesVanderbilt University Medical Center121521st Ave.South6308 Medical Center EastNashvilleTN37232-8718USA

Introduction:The masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potential(mVEMP)is a bilaterally generated,electromyographically(EMG)-mediated response innervated by the trigeminal *** purpose of the present investigation was to 1)determine whether subjects could accurately achieve and maintain a range of EMG target levels,2)to examine the effects of varied EMG levels on the latencies and amplitudes of the mVEMP,and 3)to investigate the degree of side-to-side asymmetry and any effects of EMG ***:Subjects were nine neurologically and otologically normal young adults.A high-intensity tone burst was presented monaurally while subjects were seated upright and asked to match a range of EMG target levels by clenching their *** were made from the ipsilateral and contralateral masseter muscles referenced to the ear being monaurally ***:We found that the tonic EMG target had no effect on mVEMP ***,although mVEMP amplitudes“scaled”to the EMG target,there was a tendency for the subjects’EMG level to“undershoot”the EMG target levels greater than 50 *** some individuals did generate differences in EMG activation between sides,there were no significant differences on average EMG activation between ***,while average corrected amplitude asymmetry was similar across EMG targets,some individuals demonstrated large,corrected amplitude asymmetry ***:The results of this investigation suggest that,as with cVEMP recordings,the underlying EMG activation may vary between subjects and could impact mVEMP amplitudes,yet could be mitigated by amplitude correction *** it is important to be aware that even young normal subjects have difficulty maintaining large,tonic EMG activity during the mVEMP recording.

关键词： Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) Masseter VEMPs Electromyography(EMG) Vestibulomasseteric reflex(VMR) EMG target Level

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Consecutive fecal calprotectin measurements for predicting relapse in pediatric Crohn's disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第10期25卷 1266-1277页

作者： Alice Jane Foster Matthew Smyth Alam Lakhani Benjamin Jung Rollin F Brant Kevan jacobson Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionBritish Columbia Children’s Hospital Pediatrics B.C.Children’s Hospital Research Institute Pediatrics British Columbia children’s HospitalUniversity of British Columbia Department of Statistics University of British Columbia Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine

BACKGROUND Asymptomatic children with Crohn's disease(CD) require ongoing monitoring to ensure early recognition of a disease *** In a cohort of pediatric CD patients, we aimed to assess the utility of serial fecal calprotectin measurements to detect intestinal inflammatory activity and predict disease *** In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, children with CD on infliximab therapy in clinical remission were included. Fecal calprotectin levels were assessed at baseline and at subsequent 2-5 visits. Clinical and biochemical disease activity were assessed using the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Creactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at baseline and at visits over the following 18 *** 53 children were included and eighteen patients(34%) had a clinical disease relapse during the study. Baseline fecal calprotectin levels were higher in patients that developed symptomatic relapse [median(interquartile range), relapse 723μg/g(283-1758) vs 244 μg/g(61-627), P = 0.02]. Fecal calprotectin levels > 250μg/g demonstrated good predictive accuracy of a clinical flare within 3 mo(area under the receiver operator curve was 0.86, 95% confidence limits 0.781 to 0.937).CONCLUSION Routine fecal calprotectin testing in children with CD in clinical remission is useful to predict relapse. Levels > 250 μg/g are a good predictor of relapse in the following 3 mo. This information is important to guide monitoring standards used in this population.

关键词： Fecal calprotectin Disease relapse Biomarker Crohn’s disease Children

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Spatial cluster mapping and environmental modeling in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第23期29卷 3688-3702页

作者： Mielle Michaux Justin M Chan Luke Bergmann Luis F Chaves Brian Klinkenberg Kevan jacobson Department of Pediatrics Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionFaculty of MedicineBritish Columbia Children’s HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6H 3V4British ColumbiaCanada British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute British Columbia Children’s HospitalVancouver V5Z 4H4British ColumbiaCanada Department of Geography University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z2British ColumbiaCanada Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405United States Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3British ColumbiaCanada

BACKGROUND Geographical(geospatial)clusters have been observed in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)incidence and linked to environmental determinants of disease,but pediatric spatial patterns in North America are *** hypothesized that we would identify geospatial clusters in the pediatric IBD(PIBD)population of British Columbia(BC),Canada and associate incidence with ethnicity and environmental *** To identify PIBD clusters and model how spatial patterns are associated with population ethnicity and environmental *** One thousand one hundred eighty-three patients were included from a BC Children’s Hospital clinical registry who met the criteria of diagnosis with IBD≤age 16.9 from 2001–2016 with a valid postal code on file.A spatial cluster detection routine was used to identify areas with similar *** ecological analysis employed Poisson rate models of IBD,Crohn’s disease(CD),and ulcerative colitis(UC)cases as functions of areal population ethnicity,rurality,average family size and income,average population exposure to green space,air pollution,and vitamin-D weighted ultraviolet light from the Canadian Environmental Health Research Consortium,and pesticide *** Hot spots(high incidence)were identified in Metro Vancouver(IBD,CD,UC),southern Okanagan regions(IBD,CD),and Vancouver Island(CD).Cold spots(low incidence)were identified in Southeastern BC(IBD,CD,UC),Northern BC(IBD,CD),and on BC’s coast(UC).No high incidence hot spots were detected in the densest urban *** results were represented as incidence rate ratios(IRR)with 95%*** risk factors for PIBD included fine particulate matter(PM2.5)pollution(IRR=1.294,CI=1.113-1.507,P<0.001)and agricultural application of petroleum oil to orchards and grapes(IRR=1.135,CI=1.007-1.270,P=0.033).South Asian population(IRR=1.020,CI=1.011-1.028,P<0.001)was a risk factor and Indigenous population(IRR=0.956,CI=0.941-0.971,P<0.001),family size(IRR=0.467,CI=0.268-0.81

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn disease Ulcerative colitis Pesticides Air pollution South Asian people

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