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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2016年第6期 21-24,52,53页

作者： ellen Lie

监管决策中的信息质量--同行评审与良好实验室规范之比较

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环境与职业医学 2013年第3期30卷 235-239,F0004页

作者： Lynn S.mcCarty Christopher J.Borgert ellen m.mihaich 王仁礼李卫华 L.S.mcCarty Scientific Research&Consulting NewmarketOntarioCanada Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology Inc.GainesvilleFloridaUSA Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology Department of Physiological SciencesUniversity of Florida College of Veterinary MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA Environmental and Regulatory Resources DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

[背景]有关如何最好地确保毒性试验数据来源的有效性和可信度的讨论正在进行中。其争论的中心是期刊同行评审程序是否优于为符合法规要求而采取的良好实验室规范(GLP)标准。[目的]我们试图评估基于同行评审程序与GLP标准的监管决策的理... 详细信息

[背景]有关如何最好地确保毒性试验数据来源的有效性和可信度的讨论正在进行中。其争论的中心是期刊同行评审程序是否优于为符合法规要求而采取的良好实验室规范(GLP)标准。[目的]我们试图评估基于同行评审程序与GLP标准的监管决策的理论基础。[方法]我们研究了已发表的关于同行评审、GLP规范以及法规制定中如何评估科学数据质量与有效性的相关文献。[讨论]有观点认为同行评审是为实验数据生成、分析和报告提供质量控制的连贯、一致的评价程序,能够充分可信地确立其相对优势,而GLP仅被看作旨在防止研究者舞弊的跟踪程序。已发表的分析文章显示同行评审过程有主观性与多变性,因而不支持以上观点。尽管GLP并非旨在确立相对优势,但它是一种国际公认的实验行为与数据记录的质量保证与质量控制方法。[结论]这两项程序都不足以完全确立相对的科学合理性。然而,在同行评审程序与监管指导中科学信息交流更清晰、更透明的变化,显示出在确保信息质量上新出现的趋同倾向。确定何者更具优势的解决方案,在于建立一种证据确凿、普遍认可的证据权重方案,在监管决策中对同行评审与GLP信息均进行评估,结合两者的优势和特定的相关性来指导决策过程。

关键词：数据质量 GLP良好实验室规范同行评审监管决策毒性试验

STING negatively regulates allogeneic T-cell responses by constraining antigen-presenting cell function

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2021年第3期18卷 632-643页

作者： Hee-Jin Choitaylor Ticer Yongxia Wu Chih-Hang Anthony Tang Corey mealer David Bastian m.Hanief Sofi Linlu Tian Steven Schutt Hee-Jin Choi taylor Ticer mengmeng Zhang Xiaohui Sui Lei Huang Andrew L.mellor Chih-Chi Andrew Hu Xue-Zhong Yu microbiology&Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Immunology Microenvironment&Metastasis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPAUSA Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)-mediated innate immune activation plays a key role in tumor-and self-DNA-elicited antitumor immunity and ***,STING can also suppress tumor immunity and *** signaling In host nonhematopoietic cells was reported to either protect against or promote graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(allo-HCT).Host hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells(APCs)play key roles in donor T-cell priming during GVHD ***,how STING regulates host hematopoietic APCs after allo-HCT remains *** utilized murine models of allo-HCT to assess the role of STING in hematopoietic ***-deficient recipients developed more severe GVHD after major histocompatibility complex-mismatched *** bone marrow chimeras,we found that STING deficiency in host hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for exacerbating the ***,STING on host CD11c+cells played a dominant role in suppressing allogeneic T-cell ***,STING deficiency resulted in increased survival,activation,and function of APCs,including macrophages and dendritic ***,constitutive activation of STING attenuated the survival,activation,and function of APCs isolated from STING V154m knock-in ***-deficient APCs augmented donor T-cell expansion,chemokine receptor expression,and migration into intestinal tissues,resulting in accelerated/exacerbated *** pharmacologic approaches,we demonstrated that systemic administration of a STING agonist(bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate)to recipient mice before transplantation significantly reduced GVHD *** conclusion,we revealed a novel role of STING in APC activity that dictates T-cell allogeneic responses and validated STING as a potential therapeutic target for controlling GVHD after allo-HCT.

关键词： Stimulator of interferon genes antigen-presenting cells allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation graft-versushost diseases hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation T cells

Bioreactor for the reconstitution of a decellularized vascular matrix of biological origin

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2011年第6期4卷 435-442页

作者： matthew G. Geeslin Gabriel J. Caron Stefan m. Kren Ephraim m. Sparrow David A. Hultman Doris A. taylor 不详

Acellular matrices derived from animal and human cadaveric donor vessels or other tubular matrices are appropriate candidates for the creation of tissue- en-gineered, small-diameter, muscular arteries. Engi-neering principles have been used to design a bio-reactor and the necessary auxiliary systems for the reconstitution of a previously decellularized vascular matrix. The bioreactor enables the attachment of cells to the luminal and/or exterior surfaces of the matrix. For the recellularization procedure, the matrix is situated within a sealed compartment in order to maintain a sterile environment. The matrix is rotated continuously to assure a spatially uniform re-constitution. The auxiliary systems that serve the bioreactor are: (a) an oxygenator, (b) peristaltic pumps, one for conveying the internal cell medium and the other for conveying the external cell medium, (c) motor and gearing to create steady and controlled rotation, (d) reservoirs for the containment of the two media, and (e) tubing to convey the respective fluids and to interconnect the bioreactor culture chamber to the various auxiliary components. A recellularized matrix produced by the bioreactor demonstrated its capabilities to reconstitute a previously decellularized scaffold.

关键词： Bioreactor Decellularize Recellularize Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering

High-performance all-polymer solar cells enabled by a novel low bandgap non-fully conjugated polymer acceptor

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第8期64卷 1380-1388页

作者： Qunping Fan Ruijie ma Tao Liu Jianwei Yu Yiqun Xiao Wenyan Su Guilong Cai Yuxiang Li Wenhong Peng Tao Guo Zhenghui Luo Huiliang Sun Lintao Hou Weiguo Zhu Xinhui Lu Feng Gao ellen moons Donghong Yu He Yan Ergang Wang Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologyGöteborgSE-41296Sweden Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration&Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong999077China Department of Physics Chemistryand Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories999077Hong KongChina Department of Engineering and Physics Karlstad University65188KarlstadSweden Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Siyuan LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China School of materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China School of materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric MaterialsChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg UniversityDK-9220AalborgDenmark Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research AarhusDK-8000Denmark School of materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

The non-fully conjugated polymer as a new class of acceptor materials has shown some advantages over its small molecular counterpart when used in photoactive layers for all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs),despite a low power conversion efficiency(PCE)caused by its narrow absorption ***,a novel non-fully conjugated polymer acceptor PFY-2TS with a low bandgap of~1.40 eV was developed,via polymerizing a largeπ-fused small molecule acceptor(SmA)building block(namely YBO)with a non-conjugated thioalkyl *** with its precursor YBO,PFY-2TS retains a similar low bandgap but a higher LUmO ***,compared with the structural analog of YBO-based fully conjugated polymer acceptor PFY-DTC,PFY-2TS shows a similar absorption spectrum and electron mobility,but significantly different molecular crystallinity and aggregation properties,which results in optimal blend morphology with a polymer donor PBDB-T and physical processes of the device in *** a result,PFY-2TS-based all-PSCs achieved a PCE of 12.31%with a small energy loss of 0.56 eV enabled by the reduced non-radiative energy loss(0.24 eV),which is better than that of 11.08%for the PFY-DTC-based *** work clearly demonstrated that non-fully conjugated polymers as a new class of acceptor materials are very promising for the development of high-performance all-PSCs.

关键词： all-polymer solar cells morphology non-fully conjugated polymer acceptors energy loss power conversion efficiency

含微小颗粒的非牛顿生物Sutterby流体在感应磁场旋转圆盘上的流动性

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中南大学学报:英文版 2023年第8期30卷 2599-2615页

作者： m.B.ARAIN A.ZEESHAN m.m.BHATTI mohammed Sh.ALHODALY R.ELLAHI Department of mathematics and Statistics International Islamic UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan College of mathematics and Systems Science Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Nonlinear Analysis and Applied mathematics(NAAm)-Research Group Department of MathematicsFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

本研究的主要目标是研究含有微小颗粒的非牛顿Sutterby流体的流动性,以及微生物回旋运动引起感应磁场的影响。流动设置在一对圆盘之间,圆盘间充满了含有微小颗粒和趋旋微生物的Sutterby流体。在流动控制中考虑了Arrhenius动力学和热辐... 详细信息

本研究的主要目标是研究含有微小颗粒的非牛顿Sutterby流体的流动性,以及微生物回旋运动引起感应磁场的影响。流动设置在一对圆盘之间,圆盘间充满了含有微小颗粒和趋旋微生物的Sutterby流体。在流动控制中考虑了Arrhenius动力学和热辐射的影响。利用相关的相似变换将所建立的数学模型修改为非线性常微分方程。为了计算非线性常微分方程的数值解,使用微分变换程序(DTm)。对于非线性问题,积分变换技术执行难度大。因此,使用基于taylor展开的微分变换方法以获得多项式解作为解析解。为了提高公式化数学建模的收敛性,将Padé近似与微分变换方法相结合。讨论了不同无量纲因子对速度、温度场、浓度分布和运动回旋微生物剖面的影响,用表格形式对两块板上的扭矩进行计算和显示。

关键词：平行圆盘趋旋微生物活化能广义磁雷诺数微分变换解

建设灾害韧性城市:全球五座城市韧性相关政策与地方实践比较研究

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景观设计学（中英文） 2024年第1期12卷 26-46页

作者：冉静李琼辉乔·拉维茨特里斯特拉姆·C.海尔斯阿德里安·希利佐里卡·内多维奇-布迪奇奥马尔·佩雷斯·菲格罗亚安娜·泰勒湖南大学建筑与规划学院长沙410082 英国曼彻斯特大学曼彻斯特城市研究所曼彻斯特M139PL 英国卡迪夫大学地球与海洋科学学院卡迪夫CF103YE 英国卡迪夫大学地理与规划学院卡迪夫CF103WA 美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校城市与区域规划系香槟市61820 爱尔兰都柏林大学学院建筑、规划与环境政策学院都柏林D14E099 南非开普敦大学非洲气候与发展研究所开普敦7700

本研究通过对全球五个典型城市——南非开普敦、英国大曼彻斯特地区、中国长沙和汶川,以及波多黎各圣胡安市——的韧性相关政策和地方实践进行比较分析,探讨了向灾害韧性城市转型的途径。通过构建社会-环境系统下覆盖七个相互关联的维... 详细信息

本研究通过对全球五个典型城市——南非开普敦、英国大曼彻斯特地区、中国长沙和汶川,以及波多黎各圣胡安市——的韧性相关政策和地方实践进行比较分析,探讨了向灾害韧性城市转型的途径。通过构建社会-环境系统下覆盖七个相互关联的维度的概念性框架,本文系统梳理了这些城市在政策文件和地方实践中如何感知灾害风险和处理韧性问题。通过横向对比政策文件,城市间的不同韧性策略得以展现:开普敦采用多种节水措施,通过提高水韧性来应对干旱;大曼彻斯特地区在灾害风险减少方面较为重视人和组织机构的影响与作用;长沙和汶川优先考虑特定的灾害响应措施,而圣胡安市则通过多方面行动来应对环境和社会经济挑战。通过梳理各城市的地方实践,本文展示了当地居民自下而上提升韧性的有效性,相关案例包括开普敦的家庭钻井和长沙的社区参与。然而,整体而言,各城市对文化/世界观维度和城乡空间维度考虑不足。弥合这一差距对于有效的风险管理和灾后恢复至关重要。本文强调应当将政策制定与地方实践相结合,并呼吁优先考虑具有针对性的灾后恢复计划,加强对城乡空间维度的投入。总体上,本研究为构建灾害韧性城市提供了宝贵思路,为城市政策制定者和规划者提供了应对未来挑战和提升城市韧性的基础。

关键词：灾害韧性政策框架地方实践比较分析韧性路径

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有关地震区划的综合模型

世界地震译丛 1996年第6期27卷 7-11页

作者： m.Sanchez-Silva C.taylor D.Blockley 张素欣河北省地震局

引言本世纪中叶以来,随着科技、经济和社会的发展,城市已产生了引人注目的变化。人口和基础设施的增加,以及居民社会和经济条件的显著变化成为当今城市的典型特征。

关键词：地震区域划分综合模型

The Role of medical Literature, Clinical Trials and Experimental Research in Drug Product-Injury Litigation: A Primer with Two Examples

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第6期9卷 208-227页

作者： Jan m. Kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa Kitzen Pharmaceutical Consulting Collegeville USA Temple University School of medicine Philadelphia USA NEmA Research Inc. Naples USA University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson USA Temple University School of Pharmacy PhiladelphiaUSA

When any type of product has been ordered to be removed from the marketplace by a governmental regulatory body, that action is a powerful indicator that the product has been determined to be unsafe for further use, thereby branding the product as defective and opening up the possibility of product liability litigation. When the product is a drug or medical device, it is especially serious since the possibility of personal injury (acute and/or chronic) or death may occur. Needless to say, in these situations, product injury litigation will almost surely follow. We review the definition and requisite claims needed to establish drug product liability, and the role that the medical literature, clinical trial data, and even experimental research data can play in product (drug)-injury litigation. We show how each of these resources played a significant role in two well-known cases: Fen-Phen and thimerosal. The ultimate goal of such knowledge is to make better informed decisions about drug safety.

关键词： Drug Safety Product Quality Injury Litigation Fen-Phen Thimerosal