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Effects of 7 years of field weathering on biochar recalcitrance and solubility

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 237-248页

作者： elizabeth K.williams Davey L.Jones Hannah R.Sanders Gabriel V.Benitez Alain F.Plante University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA Bangor University BangorUK The University of Western Australia PerthAustralia University of Minnesota MinneapolisMNUSA

How weathering affects the physiochemical properties of biochar and its long-term carbon(C)sequestration potential remains *** this study,we measured changes in biochar recalcitrance and solubility after 7 years of weathering in a cultivated *** recalcitrance and biodegradability of weathered and unweathered hardwood biochar mixtures were determined by thermal analysis(differential scanning calorimetry)and evolved gas *** in biochar solubility and the chemical composition of biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon(DOC)were determined by repeated laboratory leaching and UV-Vis *** surface carbon-oxidation state(Cox)of biochar increased by 117.6-158.2%with weather-ing in the field,and there was an average of 0.9-1.2%decrease in biochar C contents per ***,thermal indices of biochar recalcitrance and biodegradability,which suggested intermediate C sequestration potential,were not significantly different between weathered and unweathered *** O:C ratio increased with weathering suggesting an increase in biodegradability,however,both weathered and unweathered biochars were still estimated to have half-lives of over 1000 ***-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)concentrations from the unweathered biochar rapidly decreased during laboratory leaching to levels similar to the field-weathered biochars,and aromaticity(SUVA_(254))of WSOC increased from 5.9%in the unweathered biochar to 42%aromaticity in the biochars weathered for 7 *** conclude that during short-term(years)weathering under field conditions,there is continued solubilization of increasingly aromatic biochar-C compounds,however,this accounts for a relatively small proportion of biochar C such that there is little-to-no change in biochar stability or C sequestration potential after field application.

关键词： Biochar Pyrogenic organic matter Thermal analysis Carbon sequestration Dissolved pyrogenic organic matter

A Method for Assessing the Interaction Environment of Organizations

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2012年第10期8卷 1512-1522页

作者： Tyler R. Harrison Susan E. Morgan elizabeth A. williams Purdue University Indiana USA Colorado State University Colorado USA

This paper presents a method for assessing the influence of the interaction environment of an organization. The interaction environment of an organization is composed of three elements：（1） the physical structure of the organization, including numbers of buildings, floors, common gathering areas, size, industry, and physical layout; （2） the information structure, consisting of the numbers and types of communication channels in the organization; and （3） the social structure, consisting of both individual-level assessments of the social environment of the organization as well as the organizational attempts to create a more social environment. This assessment tool has been tested in a large-scale study of organ donation campaigns in 46 organizations. Findings from this earlier test of the assessment tool demonstrate that interaction environment influences the way people communicate about, seek information about, and make decisions about health-related topics in organizations. Additionally, the individual elements of the interaction environment work in complex ways and also influence communication patterns and knowledge about health information. This paper details the procedures for using this assessment tool, methods for analyzing the findings, limitations of the tool, and areas in need of refinements and further researches.

关键词： interaction environment communication organizational structure campaigns research method

Perforated duodenal ulcer:An unusual manifestation of allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第44期21卷 12709-12712页

作者： Kevin M Riggle Ghassan Wahbeh elizabeth M williams Kimberly J Riehle Department of General Surgery University of Washington Seattle Division of Gastroenterology Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle Division of Pathology Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Seattle Children’s Hospital

Spontaneous perforation of a duodenal ulcer secondary to allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE) has not been previously reported. We present such a case in a teenager who presented with peritonitis. After exploration and operative repair of his ulcer, he continued to experience intermittent abdominal pain, and further evaluation revealed eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the setting of multiple food allergies. His EGE resolved after adhering to a restrictive diet. Both duodenal ulcers and EGE are very rarely seen in pediatric patients. EGE has a variable presentation depending on the layer(s) of bowel wall affected and the segment of the gastrointestinal tract that is involved. Once diagnosed, it may respond to dietary changes in patients with recognized food allergies, or to steroids in patients in whom an underlying cause is not identified. Our case highlights the need to keep EGE in the differential diagnosis when treating pediatric patients with duodenal ulcers. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of EGE are also discussed, along with a review of the current literature.

关键词： Pediatric Duodenal ulcer Eosinophilic Gastroenteri

Advancing Pediatric Hemodialysis Care through the Novel Intervention in Children’s Healthcare (NICH) Program

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 295-301页

作者： Jessica williams Natalia Garban Cynthia Wong elizabeth Talley Department of Pediatric Nephrology Lucille Packard Childrens Hospital Stanford Palo Alto USA NICH Program Care Team Lucille Packard Childrens Hospital Stanford Palo Alto USA

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities present daunting hurdles that prevent equitable health outcomes for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis. Additional resources, such as the Novel Intervention in Children’s Health (NICH) at Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, provide individualized support to best assist families by assessing barriers to care with the goal of improving health outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed patients with ESKD on hemodialysis involved in NICH to explore if NICH serves as a liaison between the patients and multidisciplinary medical team and to explore if NICH helps patients better manage the challenges of end-stage kidney disease. Through the electronic medical record system, EPIC, we reviewed the patients’ surveys to identify barriers to care, which included school and life engagement difficulty, lack of mental health resources, food and transportation insecurity, and cultural/language barriers. We also tracked the number of hospitalizations and ED visits before and during the patients’ enrollment in NICH. We discovered that through NICH, the aforementioned barriers to care were eliminated, the number of hospitalizations and emergency department visits was reduced, and all patients transitioned from inactive to active on the transplant list. NICH successfully improved the health outcomes of these patients and empowered patients to be more engaged in their care.

关键词： Pediatric Hemodialysis ESKD NICH Healthcare Disparities

Childhood sleep:assessments,risk factors,and potential mechanisms

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 105-121页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji elizabeth Rovit Susannah Pitt Terri Lipman School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 426Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA School of Nursing College of Health SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA

Background Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the *** this review,we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in *** biological,psychosocial,and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych *** relevant data based and systematic reviews are *** This paper summarizes many risk factors for childhood sleep problems,including biological(e.g.,genetics,gender,age and puberty,prenatal factors,postnatal factors);nutritional(e.g.,macronutrients,micronutrients,omega-3 fatty acids,obesity);environmental(e.g.,heavy metals,noise,light,air pollution);interpersonal(e.g.,family,exposure to violence,screen media use,physical injury);and community/socioeconomic variables(e.g.,racial/ethnicity and cultural factors,neighborhood conditions and socioeconomic status,school factors,public health disasters/emergencies),to better understand the development of sleep problems in *** Poor childhood sleep is a multifactorial issue affected by a wide range of prenatal and early-life biological,environmental,and psychosocial risk factors and contributors.A better understanding of these risk factors and their mechanisms is an important first step to develop future research and prevention programs focusing on pediatric sleep problems.

关键词： Child sleep Pediatrics Risk factor Mechanisms

IMAGE-BUILDING AND FRAMING PROCESSES OF AN ANTI-MOTHER/-WOMAN IN CICERO’S PRO CLUENTIO

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2024年第1期39卷 51-72,124页

作者： Hongxia Zhang elizabeth Webster IHAC NENUChangchun

In this case study we explore Cicero’s processes of framing and image-building regarding the concept of an anti-mother/-*** this we examine Cicero’s portrayal of Sassia,a woman who features as one of the main antagonists of his speech Pro *** analyse Cicero’s depiction of Sassia’s evilness towards her son,Cluentius,through the lens of frame and framing *** doing so,this case study aims to present a deeper understanding of Cicero’s stratagems(e.g.,priming,calling for action;nudging,pushing someone towards action;and affordance,offering a frame to act outside of or within)which were employed in order to devise a negative characterisation of *** application of this methodological approach to Cicero’s framing of Sassia provides a new scope for analysing not only the classical text itself but also for the analysis of ancient human society to which it belonged.

关键词： affordance Cicero frames&framing image-building nudging&priming Roman Republic stereotypes

Ecosystem Services of Grazed Grasslands in the Flooding Pampa

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1179-1202页

作者： elizabeth J.Jacobo Adriana M.Rodríguez Facultad de Agronomía Área de AgroecologíaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires1417Argentina Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Producción AnimalUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires1417Argentina

The Flooding Pampa grasslands are the last remnant of the Rio de la Plata grasslands in ***-genic interventions have led to severe degradation and,as a result,the ecosystem services provided by the grass-lands are declining,in terms of provisioning,regulating,and supporting *** synthesized the existing literature on the ecosystem goods and services provided by these grasslands under grazing in different conditions and conservation *** found that plant and animal diversity and primary production are the most studied ecosystem services,while climate regulation,water supply,nutrient cycling,meat production and erosion control,in that order,are less *** services are *** grazing and glyphosate spraying are the main drivers of grassland *** grazing and conservative stocking rates have been shown to reverse degradation and demonstrate that livestock production is compatible with ecosystem conserva-tion by maintaining regulating and provisioning *** these management strategies are poorly integrated,improving their implementation will require important changes in farmers’decisions and the development of policies that create the economic conditions for this to *** is needed to understand the conditions that prevent the knowledge generated from being transferred to producers and translated into practices that would improve the provision of ecosystem services.

关键词： Salado basin sustainability biodiversity rangelands meat production adaptative multi paddock grazing process technologies agroecology

Liver transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Past, present, and future directions

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 129-138页

作者： Sudha Kodali Ashton A Connor Souhail Thabet elizabeth W Brombosz R Mark Ghobrial Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA JC Walter Jr Transplant Center Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA Department of Surgery Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA School of Medicine New Giza UniversityGizaEgypt

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)is a rare biliary tract cancer with high mortality *** resection of the iCCA lesion is the first choice of treatment,with good prognosis after margin-negative ***,only 12%-40% of patients are eligible for resection at presentation due to cirrhosis,portal hypertension,or large tumor *** transplantation(LT)offers margin-negative iCCA extirpation for patients with unresectable ***,iCCA was a contraindication for LT until size-based selection criteria were introduced to identify patients with satisfied post-LT *** studies have shown that tumor biology-based selection can yield high post-LT survival in patients with locally advanced *** selection criterion is the tumor response to neoadjuvant *** with response to neoadjuvant therapy have better outcomes after LT compared with those without tumor response to neoadjuvant *** index that helps predict the treatment outcome is the *** survival outcomes have also opened the door for living donor LT for *** undergoing LT for iCCA now have statistically similar survival rates as patients undergoing *** combination of surgery and locoregional and systemic therapies improves the prognosis of iCCA patients.

关键词： Liver transplantation Cholangiocarcinoma Hepatectomy Transplant oncology Liver neoplasm

Targeting Tumour Cell Plasticity

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中国肺癌杂志 2009年第6期12卷 I0031-I0031页

作者： elizabeth D. williams Monash Institute of Medical Research Monash University Monash University Australia

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), where cells lose epithelial characteristics and acquire a migratory phenotype, has been associated with the breakdown of epithelial cell homeostasis leading to aggressive ca... 详细信息

关键词： EMT 肺癌癌细胞临床治疗