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Eggshell and environmental bacteria contribute to the intestinal microbiota of growing chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1245-1260页

作者： Joel J.Maki elizabeth A.Bobeck Matthew J.Sylte Torey Looft Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit National Animal Disease CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUS Department of Agriculture1920 Dayton AveAmesIA 50010USA Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program Iowa State University|AmesIA 50011USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ARS Research Participation ProgramOak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA.

Background: The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of the establishing microbes and their overall contribution during development of gastrointestinal tract communities are still unclear. Using fertilized eggs from two independent sources, we assessed the impact of eggshell-and environmental-associated microbial communities on the successional processes and bacterial community structure throughout the intestinal tract of chickens for up to 6 weeks ***: Culturing and sequencing techniques identified a viable, highly diverse population of anaerobic bacteria on the eggshell. The jejunal, ileal, and cecal microbial communities for the egg-only, environment-only, and conventionally raised birds generally displayed similar successional patterns characterized by increasing community richness and evenness over time, with strains of Enterococcus, Romboutsia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae abundant for all three input groups in both trials. Bacterial community structures differed significantly based on trial and microbiota input with the exception of the egg-exposed and conventional birds in the jejunum at week 1 and the ileum at week 6. Cecal community structures were different based on trial and microbiota input source, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles at week 6 highlighted functional differences as ***: We identified distinct intestinal microbial communities and differing cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles between birds exposed to the microbiota associated with either the eggshell or environment, and those of conventionally hatched birds. Our data suggest the eggshell plays an appreciable role in the development of the chicken intestinal microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ileum where the community structure of the eggshellonly birds was similar to the structure of conventionally hatched birds

关键词： 16S rRNA gene Eggshell microbiota Environmental microbiota Hatching Intestinal colonization SCFA Succession

Prospective associations between joint categories of physical activity and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in a population-based cohort

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 295-303页

作者： Mitch J Duncan elizabeth G Holliday Nicola W Burton Nicholas Glozier Stina Oftedal School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicineand WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of Applied Psychology Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Brain and Mind Centre Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background:Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety;however,few studies jointly examine these risk *** study aimed to prospectively examine the joint association of physical activity(PA)and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in ***:Participants from the 2013 to 2018 annnual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel study who had good mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5>54)in 2013,and who completed at least 1 follow-up survey(2014-2018),were included(n=10,977).Poor mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5≤54)was assessed ***(2013)PA was classified as high/moderate/low,and insomnia symptoms(i.e.,trouble sleeping)were classified as no insomnia symptoms/insomnia symptoms,with 6 mutually exclusive PAinsomnia symptom groups *** of PA-insomnia symptom groups with onset of poor mental health were examined using discrete-time proportional-hazards logit-hazard ***:There were 2322 new cases of poor mental health(21.2%).Relative to the high PA/no insomnia symptoms group,there were higher odds(odds ratio and 95%confidence interval(95%CI))of poor mental health among the high PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.57-2.23),moderate PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.61-2.31),low PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.96-2.78),and low PA/no insomnia symptoms(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.01-1.29)*** level of PA combined with insomnia symptoms was associated with increased odds of poor mental health,with the odds increasing as PA ***:The se findings highlight the potential benefit of interventions targeting both PA and insomnia symptoms for promoting mental health.

关键词： Depression Physical activity Sleep quality

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City of girls

City of girls

Experimental and Modeling Study of Forest Fire Effect on Soil Thermal Conductivity

作者： elizabeth Gilbert.

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 462-473页

作者： Kathleen M.SMITS elizabeth KIRBY William J.MASSMAN Larry Scott BAGGETT Center for the Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringColorado School of Mines USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

An understanding of soil thermal conductivity after a wildfire or controlled burn is important to land management and post-fire recovery efforts. Although soil thermal conductivity has been well studied for non-fire heated soils, comprehensive data that evaluate the long-term effect of extreme heating from a fire on the soil thermal conductivity are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of fire on the effective thermal conductivity of soils by directly comparing fire-heated and no-fire control soils through a series of laboratory studies. The thermal conductivity was measured for ten soil samples from two sites within the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA, for a range of water contents from saturation to the residual degree of saturation. The thermal conductivity measured was compared with independent estimates made using three empirical models from literature, including the Campbell et al. （1994）, CSt~ and Konrad （2005）, and Massman et al. （2008） models. Results demonstrate that for the test soils studied, the thermal conductivity of the fire-heated soils was slightly lower than that of the control soils for all observed water contents. Modeling results show that the Campbell et al. （1994） model gave the best agreement over the full range of water contents when proper fitting parameters were employed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of including the influence of fire burn on the thermal properties of soils in modeling studies.

关键词： controlled burn degree of saturation empirical model water content wildfire

Leaders and Foreign Policy Analysis:*** and2003Iraq War

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作者： elizabeth Ndabigeze（伊扎贝丝）山东大学

学位级别：硕士

本文主要考察了外交政策分析中个人层次发挥作用的变量,具体来说,研究涉及外交决策过程中领导人的心理和“小集团”动态的影响。毫无疑问,国际社会和人类生活中的其他很多问题,都与人的因素有关。外交决策通常与“个人”的经历、情感和... 详细信息

本文主要考察了外交政策分析中个人层次发挥作用的变量,具体来说,研究涉及外交决策过程中领导人的心理和“小集团”动态的影响。毫无疑问,国际社会和人类生活中的其他很多问题,都与人的因素有关。外交决策通常与“个人”的经历、情感和信仰等因素有关,从而打上了“个人”心理和行为特征的烙印。就“个人”而言,领导人是至为关键的,他们在对外决策领域往往扮演着重要的角色。尤其是在以下情况：领导人对外交事务感兴趣,危机事件,个人意识强烈,以及某一种政权类型。通常,领导人在威权主义或集权主义政权下扮演更加重要的角色。本研究考察与评估了外交决策过程中,领导人心理因素的影响。美国前总统乔治·布什以及伊拉克战争成为本研究个案分析的对象。在具体研究过程中,我们充分借助与使用了有关的文章、杂志、书籍以及新闻媒体提供的资料。在此基础上,我们主要运用“内容分析”和心理学的有关方法,来洞察美国前总统乔治·布什在伊拉克战争期间的有关决策。心理学的方法,涉及到考察乔治·布什的成长背景,他所经历的成功与失败等。我们认为,在美国的伊拉克战争决策过程中,当时的美国总统乔治·布什发挥了更为重要的作用,其中,发挥作用的因素是他的宗教信仰。乔治·布什作为福音派的基督教徒,存在“非善即恶”的观念。对布什而言,伊拉克战争是其政府推崇自由的神圣责任,美国有义务把伊拉克人民从贫穷和萨达姆独裁政权下解放出来。新保守主义者强调所谓的自由和伟大的原则,即便是诉诸战争也在所不惜。布什政府的“先发制人”策略盖源于此。另一方面,布什不惜伪造文件以支持其战争的合法性,则显示出他个性中的其它方面。在布什的认知中,1991年海湾战争以来的经历,作为魔鬼的萨达姆企图杀死他的父亲老布什等因素,发挥了作用。在伊拉克战争决策过程中,总统乔治·布什并不信任其政府中的某些成员。这一点造成的后果是,对于情报部门提供的有关伊拉克并不拥有大规模杀伤性武器的情报,布什不相信或不予考虑。本文的研究认为,不仅独裁制的政府制度下,领导人的心理影响外交决策,而且在其它政府形式下,存在同样的问题。当领导人处于决策的核心位置时,有关的对外政策决策经常受到其情感、信仰、价值观、态度等因素的影响。在此背景下,特定领导人的认知、心理影响了作为整体的政府的对外决策。

关键词：外交政策领导人决策行为角色定位

The Impact of Sun Tzu Art of War Strategies on Firm Performance and the Moderating Effect of Governance on the Relationship:Evidence from Telecommunication Companies in Zimbabwe

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The Impact of Sun Tzu Art of War Strategies on Firm Performa...

作者： ZOE TINAYE elizabeth DAVISON 东北财经大学

学位级别：硕士

津巴布韦的电信行业近年来随着光纤和5G网络的普及而有所改善。然而,该国困扰着高通胀和高税收的糟糕经济状况仍对津巴布韦的电信运营商产生影响。新冠疫情也给该国带来了巨大打击,使得情况变得更加糟糕且难以恢复。最近,政府试图实施... 详细信息

津巴布韦的电信行业近年来随着光纤和5G网络的普及而有所改善。然而,该国困扰着高通胀和高税收的糟糕经济状况仍对津巴布韦的电信运营商产生影响。新冠疫情也给该国带来了巨大打击,使得情况变得更加糟糕且难以恢复。最近,政府试图实施了几项监管措施和税收政策的变化,但对电信运营商的影响却是灾难性的,大大降低了它们的收入。自2019年以来,由于通货膨胀的极度上升,进行重要的年度收入分析和比较变得具有挑战性。在这个行业的23家公司中,只有津巴布韦的三家最大移动网络运营商——Econet Wireless、NetOne和Telecel,仍在进行有意义的网络改进,部分得益于政府的倡议和从公共服务金库中释放的资金。这些发展导致了 LTE网络的持续增长,尽管收入损失,但服务仍然主要局限于大都市地区。学术界进行的众多研究声称,孙子《孙子兵法》的改编能够提升公司在逆境环境中的竞争优势.使用STAW的运营化4个维度,本研究的目标是确定在面对糟糕的治理情况下,STAW战略对公司绩效的使用和效果,以确定哪些战略能够在当今日常运营中特别适用于在津巴布韦和全球的电信行业中遇到困难的公司。研究还确定了治理对STAW框架和公司绩效的调节效应。这四个维度包括:员工激励、市场知识、战略规划和有效领导。该模型利用来自津巴布韦电信公司的23家公司的信息进行了调查。提出的关系利用了结构方程建模技术(SEM)和被广泛称为Smart PLS软件的智能偏最小二乘法进行了测试。结果得出结论:在津巴布韦的电信公司中,STAW的四个维度与公司绩效之间存在积极关系。然而,作为调节因素的治理对津巴布韦电信公司的STAW框架和公司绩效几乎没有影响。对于学术界而言,本文通过提供适用于津巴布韦电信公司的维度的科学和定量数据,增进了对孙子《孙子兵法》战术的理解。作为在存在糟糕治理的情况下实现更好公司绩效的手段,工业专业人士将受到这项研究的启发,以理解孙子战术在企业中的作用。此外,它将指导企业如何在逆境环境中生存并获得竞争优势。

关键词：治理员工激励市场知识战略规划有效领导电信孙子兵法

Growth and nutrient accumulation of Brazil nut trees(Bertholletia excelsa) in agroforestry at different fertilizer levels

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 347-353页

作者： Gotz Schroth Maria do Socorro Souza da Mota Maria elizabeth de Assis Elias C.P. 513 Santarem PA 68109-971 Brazil Centro de Estudos Avanqados de Promoqao Social e Ambiental Av. Mendonqa Furtado 3979 Santarem PA 68040-050 Brazil Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus AM 69077-000Brazil

The Brazil nut tree（Bertholletia excelsa） is a frequent component of agroforestry systems in the Amazon because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple *** investigated the aboveground biomass production（kg dry weight）,nutrient uptake and requirements（N,P,Ca,Mg,K） of Brazil nut trees of different sizes grown under agroforestry conditions and fertilized at different *** of 70 experimental trees with different size were harvested and stem,branches and leaves were *** contents were determined for three trees of varying *** tree growth was fast,but variability was high,suggesting considerable potential for the improvement of this economically important *** trees responded to increased levels of fertilizer and lime with significantly increased foliar nutrient contents and growth,probably because of the improved availability of Mg and Ca for which the species seems to have a relatively high *** contrast to Brazil nut trees grown in forest or dense plantations,the agroforestry trees invested a substantial part of their biomass and nutrients in large branches and developed spreading *** improve stem form,reduce competition with associated crops for light and recycle nutrients,regular pruning of lower branches or planting arrangements that favor self-pruning are *** measures would also increase the recycling of Ca and Mg,large quantities of which are contained in the branches.

关键词： Allometric equation Amazon Nutrient competition Nutrient recycling Plant mineral nutrition Soil fertility Silviculture

Apolipoprotein B100 quality control and the regulation of hepatic very low density lipoprotein secretion

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2014年第3期28卷 178-193页

作者： Eric Fisher elizabeth Lake Roger S McLeod Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineDalhousie University

Apolipoprotein B （apoB） is the main protein component of very low density lipoprotein （VLDL） and is necessary for the assembly and secretion of these triglyceride （TG）-rich particles. Following release from the liver, VLDL is converted to low density lipoprotein （LDL） in the plasma and increased production of VLDL can therefore play a detrimental role in cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence has helped to establish VLDL assembly as a target for the treatment of dyslipidemias. Multiple factors are involved in the folding of the apoB protein and the formation of a secretion-competent VLDL particle. Failed VLDL assembly can initiate quality control mechanisms in the hepatocyte that target apoB for degradation. ApoB is a substrate for endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation （ERAD） by the ubiquitin proteasome system and for autophagy. Efficient targeting and disposal of apoB is a regu- lated process that modulates VLDL secretion and partitioning of TG. Emerging evidence suggests that significant overlap exists between these degradative pathways. For example, the insulin-mediated targeting of apoB to autop- hagy and postprandial activation of the unfolded protein response （UPR） may employ the same cellular machinery and regulatory cues. Changes in the quality control mechanisms for apoB impact hepatic physiology and pathology states, including insulin resistance and fatty liver. Insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and the hepatic UPR may impact VLDL production, particularly during the postprandial state. In this review we summarize our current understanding of VLDL assembly, apoB degradation, quality control mechanisms and the role of these processes in liver physiology and in pathologic states.

关键词： apolipoprotein B very low density lipoprotein proteasome ubiquitin autophagy steatosis

Camel exposure and knowledge about MERS-CoV among Australian Hajj pilgrims in 2014

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第1期31卷 89-93页

作者： Amani Salem Alqahtani Kerrie elizabeth Wiley Mohamed Tashani Anita elizabeth Heywood Harold Wayne Willaby Nasser Fahad Bin Dhim Robert Booy Harunor Rashid National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS) The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and the Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney School of Public Health The University of Sydney School of Public Health and Community Medicine The University of New South Wales Health Informatics Department College of Health Sciences Saudi Electronic University Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney WHO Collaborating Centre for Mass Gatherings and High Consequence/High Visibility Events Flinders University

Dear Editor,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus（MERS-CoV）affected 1,621 patients worldwide,with a 36%mortality rate by the end of *** highest number of cases was recorded in Saudi Arabia,

关键词： Australian Camel exposure coronavirus aware camel mortality concerned Middle attitude