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Late immune consequences of combat trauma: A review of trauma-related immune dysfunction and potential therapies

Military Medical Research 2019年第4期6卷 340-353页

作者： Kelly B.Thompson Luke T.Krispinsky ryan j.Stark Division of Critical Care Medicine Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University School of Medicine2200 Children’s WayNashvilleTN 37232USA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Department of PediatricsUniformed Services UniversityNaval Medical Center PortsmouthPortsmouthVA 23708USA

With improvements in personnel and vehicular body armor,robust casualty evacuation capabilities,and damage control resuscitation strategies,more combat casualties are surviving to reach higher levels of care throughout the casualty evacuation *** such,medical centers are becoming more accustomed to managing the deleterious late consequences of combat trauma related to the dysregulation of the immune *** this review,we aim to highlight these late consequences and identify areas for future research and therapeutic *** leads to the dysregulation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses,which places the injured at risk for several late consequences,including delayed wound healing,late onset sepsis and infection,multi-organ dysfunction syndrome,and acute respiratory distress syndrome,which are significant for their association with the increased morbidity and mortality of wounded *** mechanisms by which these consequences develop are complex but include an imbalance of the immune system leading to robust inflammatory responses,triggered by the presence of damage associated molecules and other immune-modifying agents following *** strategies to improve outcomes have been difficult to develop as the immunophenotype of injured personnel following trauma is variable,fluid and difficult to *** more information regarding the triggers that lead to immune dysfunction following trauma is elucidated,it may be possible to identify the immunophenotype of injured personnel and provide targeted treatments to reduce the late consequences of trauma,which are known to lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Trauma Sepsis Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome Persistent inflammationimmunosuppression and catabolism syndrome Immune dysfunction

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Does sexual dimorphism vary by population? Laryngeal and ear anatomy in cricket frogs

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 343-352页

作者： Blinda E.MCCLELLAND Michael j.ryan Walter WILCZYNSKI Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA

Acoustic communication in many anuran species can show the effects of both natural and sexual selection. This is reflected in the sexually dimorphic an atomy of the lary nx and ear structures, as well as the allometric relationship of these morphological traits to head or body size. In this study, we examined laryngeal and ear structures of cricket frogs Acris crepitans not only as sexually dimorphic characteristics, but also as they differ across populations in environmentally different habitats. We used 2-way ANOVA to determine whether the volumetric or linear measurements of these structures differed by sex and population. Females have significantly larger body, head, and ear sizes, but significantly smaller larynges than males. Furthermore, females as well as males show larger body and head sizes, ears, and larynges in a dryer open habitat. An ANCOVA analysis shows that males, but not females, differ in laryngeal size across populations beyond the allometric changes attributable to head size alone indicating that males have a greater degree of laryngeal population variation. In contrast, our covariate analysis found that in both sexes many of the ear differences are non-sigrdficant once head size is accounted for, suggesting that most of the population-level ear variation is due to allometric effects of body size. We conclude that although both sexes show size differences in the larynx related to selection for larger body size in dry, open habitats, selection on males for larger larynx size related to the production of lower frequency calls in those habitats does not result in correlated changes in the female larynx. The results suggest that in anurans, selection for changes in body and head size affects both sexes equally, male calls and the vocal structures responsible for them can further diversify without concordant changes in females.

关键词： acoustic communication allometry amphibians population variation sex differences

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BUILDINGS ALIVE!ESTABLISHING THE COST OF LIVING BUILDINGS STRIVING FOR NET ZERO PERFORMANCE

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journal of Green Building 2009年第3期4卷 61-71页

作者： elizabeth j.Heider Clark Brockman Skanska USA Building United States SERA Architects Inc United States

INTRODUCTION Innovative ideas have helped bring us some of the most incredible technological advances the world has *** ideas have ranged from the practical—“classic”inventions like the telephone—to the *** would have believed 15 years ago that today,in 2009,we are literally on the cusp of space *** incredible as the thinking was behind those innovations,there is another element that affects whether or not inventions catch on in a meaningful *** remarkable as many inventions are,we know that it takes more than innovation to bring big ideas into reality—it takes a deep understanding of what things cost,and of the value that objects or ideas will deliver over time.

关键词： telephone meaningful invention

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Physical activity,exercise,and chronic diseases:A brief review

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2019年第1期1卷 3-10页

作者： elizabeth Anderson j.Larry Durstine Department of Exercise Science University of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with increasing prevalence in all age groups,genders,and *** chronic disease deaths occur in middle-to low-income countries but are also a significant health problem in developed *** chronic diseases now affect children and adolescents as well as *** physically inactive is associated with increased chronic disease *** societies are being negatively impacted by the increasing prevalence of chronic disease which is directly related to rising healthcare expenditures,workforce complications regarding attendance and productivity,military personnel recruitment,and academic ***,increased physical activity(PA)and exercise are associated with reduced chronic disease *** physiologic systems in the body benefit positively from PA and exercise by primary disease prevention and secondary disease prevention/*** purpose of this brief review is to describe the significant global problem of chronic diseases for adults and children,and how PA and exercise can provide a noninvasive means for added prevention and treatment.

关键词： Chronic disease Noncommunicable diseases Obesity Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Cancer Physical activity Exercise

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Ca^(2+) signalling in cardiovascular disease:the role of the plasma membrane calcium pumps

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2011年第8期54卷 691-698页

作者： elizabeth j.CARTWRIGHT Delvac OCEANDY Clare AUSTIN Ludwig NEYSES Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of Manchester

The plasma membrane calcium ATPases(PMCA) are a family of genes which extrude Ca2+from the cell and are involved in the maintenance of intracellular free calcium levels and/or with Ca2+signalling,depending on the cell *** the cardiovascular system,Ca2+ is not only essential for contraction and relaxation but also has a vital role as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways.A complex array of mechanisms regulate intracellular free calcium levels in the heart and vasculature and a failure in these systems to maintain normal Ca2+homeostasis has been linked to both heart failure and *** article focuses on the functions of PMCA,in particular isoform 4(PMCA4) ,in the heart and vasculature and the reported links between PMCAs and contractile function,cardiac hypertrophy,cardiac rhythm and sudden cardiac death,and blood pressure control and *** is becoming clear that this family of calcium extrusion pumps have essential roles in both cardiovascular health and disease.

关键词： plasma membrane calcium/calmodulin-dependent ATPase Ca2+ homeostasis Ca2+ signalling heart failure hypertension

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Heterogeneous 2D/3D photonic integrated microsystems

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 143-151页

作者： S.j.Ben Yoo Binbin Guan ryan P.Scott Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

The continuing trend of exponential growth in data communications and processing are driving the need for large-scale heterogeneous *** to the trend we have observed in electronic integrated circuit development,we are witnessing a growing trend in 3D photonic integrated circuits(PICs)development in addition to that in 2D *** are two main methods for fabricating 3D *** first method,which utilizes ultrafast laser inscription(ULI),offers freeform shaping of waveguides in arbitrary contours and *** second method,which utilizes multilayer stacking and coupling of planar PICs,exploits relatively mature 2D PIC fabrication processes applied to each layer *** the fabrication methods for 3D PICs have advantages and disadvantages such that certain applications may favor one method over the ***,a joining of 2D PICs with 3D PICs can help develop integrated microsystems with new functionalities such as non-mechanical beam steering,spacedivision multiplexing(SDM),programmable arbitrary beam shaping,and photonic signal *** discuss examples of 3D PICs and 2D/3D integrated PICs in two applications:SDM via orbital-angular-momentum(OAM)multiplexing/demultiplexing and optical beam steering using optical phased *** a 2D PIC by itself can function as an OAM multiplexer or demultiplexer,it has limitations in supporting both ***,a 3D PIC fabricated by ULI can easily support both polarizations with low propagation loss.A combination of a 3D PIC and a 2D PIC designed and fabricated for OAM applications has successfully multiplexed and demultiplexed 15 OAM states to demonstrate polarization-diversified SDM coherent optical communications using multiple OAM *** excitation of multi-ring OAM states can allow highly scalable SDM utilizing Laguerre–Gaussian modes or linearly polarized(LP)*** preliminary fabrication of multi-ring OAM multiplexers and demultiplexers using the

关键词： photonic integrated circuits three-dimensional photonics ultrafast laser inscription

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Prospective associations between joint categories of physical activity and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in a population-based cohort

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 295-303页

作者： Mitch j Duncan elizabeth G Holliday Nicola W Burton Nicholas Glozier Stina Oftedal School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicineand WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of Applied Psychology Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Brain and Mind Centre Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background:Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety;however,few studies jointly examine these risk *** study aimed to prospectively examine the joint association of physical activity(PA)and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in ***:Participants from the 2013 to 2018 annnual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel study who had good mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5>54)in 2013,and who completed at least 1 follow-up survey(2014-2018),were included(n=10,977).Poor mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5≤54)was assessed ***(2013)PA was classified as high/moderate/low,and insomnia symptoms(i.e.,trouble sleeping)were classified as no insomnia symptoms/insomnia symptoms,with 6 mutually exclusive PAinsomnia symptom groups *** of PA-insomnia symptom groups with onset of poor mental health were examined using discrete-time proportional-hazards logit-hazard ***:There were 2322 new cases of poor mental health(21.2%).Relative to the high PA/no insomnia symptoms group,there were higher odds(odds ratio and 95%confidence interval(95%CI))of poor mental health among the high PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.57-2.23),moderate PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.61-2.31),low PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.96-2.78),and low PA/no insomnia symptoms(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.01-1.29)*** level of PA combined with insomnia symptoms was associated with increased odds of poor mental health,with the odds increasing as PA ***:The se findings highlight the potential benefit of interventions targeting both PA and insomnia symptoms for promoting mental health.

关键词： Depression Physical activity Sleep quality

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CFD investigation of dense phase pneumatic conveying at a pipeline enlargement

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 176-183页

作者： Don McGlinchey Andrew Cowell ryan Crowe School of Engineering and Computing Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow Scotland UK

The practice of stepping a conveying line is not new and there are many examples in industry; however, the details of the flow behaviour at the step have not been extensively studied. Three step geometries were modelled： an ＇abrupt＇ step and two ＇gradual＇ step-up geometries from a pipe bore of 75-100 ram. The flow behaviour of a single plug of material passing through these geometries was investigated using the ＇Eulerian＇ CFD model from Fluent. Solids volume fractions were recorded at 0.01 s time steps at several point locations, and visualised throughout the pipe.

关键词： Pneumatic conveyingStepped pipelinePlug flowCFD

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Experimental and Modeling Study of Forest Fire Effect on Soil Thermal Conductivity

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 462-473页

作者： Kathleen M.SMITS elizabeth KIRBY William j.MASSMAN Larry Scott BAGGETT Center for the Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringColorado School of Mines USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

An understanding of soil thermal conductivity after a wildfire or controlled burn is important to land management and post-fire recovery efforts. Although soil thermal conductivity has been well studied for non-fire heated soils, comprehensive data that evaluate the long-term effect of extreme heating from a fire on the soil thermal conductivity are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of fire on the effective thermal conductivity of soils by directly comparing fire-heated and no-fire control soils through a series of laboratory studies. The thermal conductivity was measured for ten soil samples from two sites within the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA, for a range of water contents from saturation to the residual degree of saturation. The thermal conductivity measured was compared with independent estimates made using three empirical models from literature, including the Campbell et al. （1994）, CSt~ and Konrad （2005）, and Massman et al. （2008） models. Results demonstrate that for the test soils studied, the thermal conductivity of the fire-heated soils was slightly lower than that of the control soils for all observed water contents. Modeling results show that the Campbell et al. （1994） model gave the best agreement over the full range of water contents when proper fitting parameters were employed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of including the influence of fire burn on the thermal properties of soils in modeling studies.

关键词： controlled burn degree of saturation empirical model water content wildfire

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Compositionally restricted attention-based network for materials property predictions

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 684-693页

作者： Anthony Yu-Tung Wang Steven K.Kauwe ryan j.Murdock Taylor D.Sparks Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials Technische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

In this paper,we demonstrate an application of the Transformer self-attention mechanism in the context of materials *** network,the Compositionally Restricted Attention-Based network(CrabNet),explores the area of structure-agnostic materials property predictions when only a chemical formula is *** results show that CrabNet’s performance matches or exceeds current best-practice methods on nearly all of 28 total benchmark *** also demonstrate how CrabNet’s architecture lends itself towards model interpretability by showing different visualization approaches that are made possible by its *** feel confident that CrabNet and its attention-based framework will be of keen interest to future materials informatics researchers.

关键词： network property restricted

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