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Skeletal Blood Flow in Bone Repair and Maintenance

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Bone Research 2013年第4期1卷 311-322页

作者： ryan E.Tomlinson Matthew j.Silva Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St.Louis Musculoskeletal Research Center Washington University in St.Louis

Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, although this aspect of bone is often overlooked. In this article, the importance of blood flow in bone repair and regeneration will be reviewed. First, the skeletal vascular anato- my, with an emphasis on long bones, the distinct mechanisms for vascularizing bone tissue, and methods for remodeling existing vasculature are discussed. Next, techniques for quantifying bone blood flow are briefly summarized. Finally, the body of experimental work that demonstrates the role of bone blood flow in fracture healing, distraction osteogenesis, osteoporosis, disuse osteopenia, and bone grafting is examined. These results illustrate that adequate bone blood flow is an important clinical consideration, particularly during bone regeneration and in at-risk patient groups.

关键词： blood flow angiogenesis vascular remodeling fracture bone repair

Managing Student Protest in Republican China： Yenching and St. john＇s Compared

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第1期8卷 3-31页

作者： elizabeth j. Perry Department of Government Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Although similar in many respects, the two major Christian universities in Republican China adopted markedly different approaches to the common challenge of student nationalism. Case studies of the May Thirtieth Movement at St. john＇s University and the December Ninth Movement at Yenching University illustrate the consequences of these sharply contrasting experiences. Whereas St. john＇s was crippled by May Thirtieth, Yenching escaped December Ninth relatively unscathed. The explanation for the contrast, this paper suggests, lies not in any fundamental disagreement in the mission of the two universities or the philosophies of their famous and forceful presidents. It must be sought instead in the different campus cultures in which the student protests originated, and in the urban micro-environments in which the two universities were located： treaty-port Shanghai and post-imperial Peking.

关键词： student protest nationalism Christian universities higher education

Sclerostin antibody improves alveolar bone quality in the Hyp mouse model of X-linked hypophosphatemia

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International journal of Oral Science 2023年第4期15卷 640-648页

作者： Kelsey A.Carpenter Delia O.Alkhatib Bryan A.Dulion elizabeth Guirado Shreya Patel Yinghua Chen Anne George ryan D.Ross Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA Department of Oral Biology The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease of elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production that leads tohypophosphatemia and impaired mineralization of bone and teeth. The clinical manifestations of XLH include a high prevalence ofdental abscesses and periodontal disease, likely driven by poorly formed structures of the dentoalveolar complex, including thealveolar bone, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligament. Our previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin antibody (SclAb) treatment improves phosphate homeostasis, and increases long bone mass, strength, and mineralization in the Hyp mousemodel of XLH. In the current study, we investigated whether Scl-Ab impacts the dentoalveolar structures of Hyp mice. Male andfemale wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg·kg−1 of vehicle or Scl-Ab twice weekly beginning at 12 weeks of ageand euthanized at 20 weeks of age. Scl-Ab increased alveolar bone mass in both male and female mice and alveolar tissue mineraldensity in the male mice. The positive effects of Scl-Ab were consistent with an increase in the fraction of active(nonphosphorylated) β-catenin, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and osteopontin stained alveolar osteocytes. Scl-Ab had no effecton the mass and mineralization of dentin, enamel, acellular or cellular cementum. There was a nonsignificant trend towardincreased periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment fraction within the Hyp mice. Additional PDL fiber structural parameters were notaffected by Scl-Ab. The current study demonstrates that Scl-Ab can improve alveolar bone in adult Hyp mice.

关键词： alveolar impaired elevated

Eggshell and environmental bacteria contribute to the intestinal microbiota of growing chickens

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1245-1260页

作者： joel j.Maki elizabeth A.Bobeck Matthew j.Sylte Torey Looft Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit National Animal Disease CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUS Department of Agriculture1920 Dayton AveAmesIA 50010USA Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program Iowa State University|AmesIA 50011USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ARS Research Participation ProgramOak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA.

Background: The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of the establishing microbes and their overall contribution during development of gastrointestinal tract communities are still unclear. Using fertilized eggs from two independent sources, we assessed the impact of eggshell-and environmental-associated microbial communities on the successional processes and bacterial community structure throughout the intestinal tract of chickens for up to 6 weeks ***: Culturing and sequencing techniques identified a viable, highly diverse population of anaerobic bacteria on the eggshell. The jejunal, ileal, and cecal microbial communities for the egg-only, environment-only, and conventionally raised birds generally displayed similar successional patterns characterized by increasing community richness and evenness over time, with strains of Enterococcus, Romboutsia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae abundant for all three input groups in both trials. Bacterial community structures differed significantly based on trial and microbiota input with the exception of the egg-exposed and conventional birds in the jejunum at week 1 and the ileum at week 6. Cecal community structures were different based on trial and microbiota input source, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles at week 6 highlighted functional differences as ***: We identified distinct intestinal microbial communities and differing cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles between birds exposed to the microbiota associated with either the eggshell or environment, and those of conventionally hatched birds. Our data suggest the eggshell plays an appreciable role in the development of the chicken intestinal microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ileum where the community structure of the eggshellonly birds was similar to the structure of conventionally hatched birds

关键词： 16S rRNA gene Eggshell microbiota Environmental microbiota Hatching Intestinal colonization SCFA Succession

TIC-Tox: A preliminary discussion on identifying the forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity of disinfected water

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 208-216页

作者： Michael j.Plewa elizabeth D.Wagner Susan D.Richardson Safe Global Water Institute and the Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina

The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products（DBPs）. Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the *** a few DBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated DBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes（THMs） and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing DBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define DBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.

关键词： DBPs CHO cell cytotoxicity Toxicity Additivity

Spectral selectivity in infrared thermal detection

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Light(Science & Applications) 2012年第1期1卷 56-66页

作者： joseph j Talghader Anand S Gawarikar ryan P Shea Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

A review is made of the physics and technology of spectrally selective thermal detectors,especially those operating at non-cryogenic *** background radiation noise fluctuations are rederived for arbitrary spectral *** absorption due to phonons and free carriers is discussed followed by a review of published works on artificial infrared absorption materials such as patterned grids,nanoparticles,plasmonic structures,metamaterials and ***,the literature of the spectral characteristics of broadband thermal detectors and spectrally selective thermal detectors is ***,the authors speculate on the directions that future research and development in the area will take regarding architectures,sensitivity and spectral characteristics.

关键词： infrared detectors infrared materials radiation noise thermal detectors

Endoscopic Management of Pediatric Cholesteatoma

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journal of Otology 2020年第1期15卷 17-26页

作者： Peter j.ryan Nirmal P.Patel Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Royal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSWAustralia Kolling Deafness Research Centre Macquarie University and University of SydneyNSWAustralia

Pediatric cholesteatoma occurs in one of two forms:congenital cholesteatoma,developing from embryonic epidermal cell rests or acquired cholesteatoma,associated with a focal defect in the tympanic *** disease has been traditionally managed with the operating microscope,often requiring mastoidectomy for adequate visualization of and access to the middle ear and mastoid ***,advances in endoscopic equipment have enabled otologists to manage most cases of pediatric cholesteatoma via a minimally-invasive,transcanal endoscopic *** review discusses the current literature relating to the etiopathogenesis,assessment and endoscopic management of pediatric *** outcomes of endoscopic treatment,emerging trends and technologies are also reviewed.

关键词： Cholesteatoma Pediatric Endoscopic Minimally-invasive Middle ear Mastoid

应用CRISP清单,提升我国全科医学和基本医疗研究报告的质量

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中国全科医学 2025年第4期28卷 393-401页

作者：杨辉汪洋陈庆奇刘晨曦顾杰赵洋秦江梅曹新阳 elizabeth Sturgiss William R.Phillips 许岩丽 Monash大学公共卫生与预防医学学院澳大利亚墨尔本市VIC 3168 上海市全科医学与社区卫生发展研究中心 200090 同济大学附属杨浦医院全科医学科上海市200090 香港大学家庭医学及基层医疗学系中国香港特别行政区999077 华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院湖北省武汉市430000 复旦大学附属中山医院全科医学科上海市200032 复旦大学附属中山医院国际医疗部上海市200032 新南威尔士大学乔治全球健康研究院澳大利亚悉尼2050 墨尔本大学人口与全球健康学院澳大利亚墨尔本3010 国家卫生健康委卫生发展研究中心北京市100044 《中国全科医学》杂志社有限公司北京市100053 School of Primary and Allied Health Care Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustraliaVIC 3168 University of Washington SeattleWashington98195

基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)工作组于2023年提出了CRISP清单,以支持改善上述领域研究报告的质量、实用性和传播性。《中国全科医学》英文版的学术编辑团队对CRISP清单进行了中文翻译,并通过这篇述评,在回顾我国全... 详细信息

基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)工作组于2023年提出了CRISP清单,以支持改善上述领域研究报告的质量、实用性和传播性。《中国全科医学》英文版的学术编辑团队对CRISP清单进行了中文翻译,并通过这篇述评,在回顾我国全科医学和基本医疗研究的内涵和发展现状的基础上,归纳了该领域的科研报告中目前存在的主要问题,如“以作者为中心”“过度重视塑造权威性”“盲目生搬国际经验”“缺乏对方法学的透明报告”“在论文中压入大量冗繁信息”以及“遮蔽关键信息”等。最后,编辑团队推荐和鼓励中国的全科医学和基本医疗服务研究的作者、编辑和学术评议专家尝试使用CRISP清单,在改善中国全科医学和基本医疗研究报告质量的同时,进一步完善该工具在学科发展研究、临床研究、卫生服务研究、卫生政策研究、教育和培训研究以及社区流行病学研究等亚领域中的应用。

关键词：全科医学基本医疗研究报告内容共识

Ecosystem Services of Grazed Grasslands in the Flooding Pampa

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Phyton-International journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1179-1202页

作者： elizabeth j.jacobo Adriana M.Rodríguez Facultad de Agronomía Área de AgroecologíaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires1417Argentina Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Producción AnimalUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires1417Argentina

The Flooding Pampa grasslands are the last remnant of the Rio de la Plata grasslands in ***-genic interventions have led to severe degradation and,as a result,the ecosystem services provided by the grass-lands are declining,in terms of provisioning,regulating,and supporting *** synthesized the existing literature on the ecosystem goods and services provided by these grasslands under grazing in different conditions and conservation *** found that plant and animal diversity and primary production are the most studied ecosystem services,while climate regulation,water supply,nutrient cycling,meat production and erosion control,in that order,are less *** services are *** grazing and glyphosate spraying are the main drivers of grassland *** grazing and conservative stocking rates have been shown to reverse degradation and demonstrate that livestock production is compatible with ecosystem conserva-tion by maintaining regulating and provisioning *** these management strategies are poorly integrated,improving their implementation will require important changes in farmers’decisions and the development of policies that create the economic conditions for this to *** is needed to understand the conditions that prevent the knowledge generated from being transferred to producers and translated into practices that would improve the provision of ecosystem services.

关键词： Salado basin sustainability biodiversity rangelands meat production adaptative multi paddock grazing process technologies agroecology