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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 202-209页

作者： elizabeth Louise Sheldon Simon Charles Griffith Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

Background: The House Sparrow(Passer domesticus) has undergone dramatic population declines in many parts of *** has been widely hypothesised that a lack of cavity nest sites has contributed to this *** the idea of the House Sparrow being nest site limited is somewhat incompatible with the long history of nest site plasticity in the ***: The nest-site selection in a population of non-native House Sparrows introduced to Australia from Europe just over 150 years ago was *** prevalence of non-cavity nesting was quantified,and nest-site selection in terms of landscape and nesting structure were ***: Flexible nesting behaviors were reported over a range of different landscapes and a surprisingly high rate of nesting in vegetation(43%) was *** nests found in vegetation were not in cavities,but were woven into the foliage and supported by branches and ***: The high rate of vegetation nesting indicates that in this introduced population,the House Sparrow is unlikely to be constrained by cavity-nest site *** high degree of nest site plasticity in the Australian population may suggest that European House Sparrows have the potential to shift away from their proclivity for cavity *** work in Europe should examine the incidence of non-cavity nesting in House Sparrows more closely,and perhaps reconsider the idea that House Sparrows are nest-site constrained.

关键词： Passer domesticus Cavity nests House Sparrow decline Nesting plasticity

Geographic variation in sexual selection and implications for speciation in the Barn Swallow

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Chinese Birds 2015年第1期5卷 30-42页

作者： elizabeth SC Scordato Rebecca J Safran Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado

Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica), a group of passerine birds comprised of six closely related subspecies, are well known throughout their nearly worldwide distribution, in part because of their close association with human settlements.A tractable species for both individual-based and population-level studies, Barn Swallows are a prominent model system in evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral research. Here we review work on sexual selection and population divergence in this species complex, focusing on comparative studies among populations and *** summarize variation in the targets of mate choice and in the information conveyed by sexually selected traits, and conclude that the benefits advertised by different traits may vary geographically. Finally, we consider the role of sexual selection as a driver of population divergence in this widespread and phenotypically variable species complex.

关键词： Barn Swallow Geographic variation Natural selection Sexual selection Speciation Tail streamers Ventral color

Yeast display of MHC-II enables rapid identification of peptide ligands from protein antigens(RIPPA)

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第8期18卷 1847-1860页

作者： Rongzeng Liu Wei Jiang elizabeth DMellin Department of Pediatrics-Human Gene Therapy Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Stanford Immunology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Department of Immunology Henan University of Science and Technology School of MedicineLuoyangChina

CD4^(+)T cells orchestrate adaptive immune responses via binding of antigens to their receptors through specific peptide/MHC-II *** study these responses,it is essential to identify protein-derived MHC-II peptide ligands that constitute epitopes for T cell ***,generating cells expressing single MHC-II alleles and isolating these proteins for use in peptide elution or binding studies is time ***,we express human MHC alleles(HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ6)as native,noncovalentαβdimers on yeast cells for direct flow cytometry-based screening of peptide ligands from selected *** demonstrate rapid,accurate identification of DQ6 ligands from pre-pro-hypocretin,a narcolepsy-related immunogenic *** also identify 20 DR4-binding SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides homologous to SARS-CoV-1 epitopes,and one spike peptide overlapping with the reported SARS-CoV-2 epitope recognized by CD4^(+)T cells from unexposed individuals carrying DR4 *** method is optimized for immediate application upon the emergence of novel pathogens.

关键词： yeast display MHC ligands T cell epitopes RIPPA SARS-CoV-2 S

Soybean Ferritin:Isolation,Characterization,and Free Radical Generation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第1期54卷 45-54页

作者： Andrea Galatro elizabeth Robello Susana Puntarulo Physical Chemistry-PRALIB School of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of Buenos Aires

The main aim of this work was to assess the multi-task role of ferritin （Ft） in the oxidative metabolism of soybean （Glycine max）. Soybean seeds incubated for 24 h yielded 41 4- 5μg Ft/g fresh weight. The rate of in vitro incorporation of iron （Fe） into Ft was tested by supplementing the reaction medium with physiological Fe chelators. The control rate, observed in the presence of 100μM Fe, was not significantly different from the values observed in the presence of 100 μM Fe-his. However, it was significantly higher in the presence of 100 μM Fe-citrate （approximately 4.5-fold） or of 100 μM Fe-ATP （approximately 14-fold）. Moreover, a substantial decrease in the Trp-dependent fluorescence of the Ft protein was determined during Fe uptake from Fe-citrate, as compared with the control. On the other hand, Ft addition to homogenates from soybean embryonic axes reduced endogenously generated ascorbyl radical, according to its capacity for Fe uptake. The data presented here suggest that Ft could be involved in the generation of free radicals, such as hydroxyl radical, by Fe-catalyzed reactions. Moreover, the scavenging of these radicals by Ft itself could then lead to protein damage. However, Ft could also prevent cellular damage by the uptake of catalytically active Fe.

关键词： ferritin free radical iron soybean.

CHO cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses of disinfection by-products： An updated review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 64-76页

作者： elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1101 W Peabody Dr. Urbana IL 61801 United States Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1101 W Peabody Dr. Urbana IL 61801 United States

The disinfection of drinking water is an important public health service that generates high quality, safe and palatable tap water. The disinfection of drinking water to reduce waterborne disease was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20 th *** unintended consequence is the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter,anthropogenic contaminants and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products（DBPs）.A large number of DBPs are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Epidemiological studies demonstrated low but significant associations between disinfected drinking water and adverse health effects. The distribution of DBPs in disinfected waters has been well defined by advances in high precision analytical chemistry. Progress in the analytical biology and toxicology of DBPs has been *** objective of this review was to provide a detailed presentation of the methodology for the quantitative, comparative analyses on the induction of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of103 DBPs using an identical analytical biological platform and endpoints. A single Chinese hamster ovary cell line was employed in the assays. The data presented are derived from papers published in the literature as well as additional new data and represent the largest direct quantitative comparison on the toxic potency of both regulated and emerging *** data may form the foundation of novel research to define the major forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity in disinfected water and may play an important role in achieving the goal of making safe drinking water better.

关键词： DBPs Mammalian cell cytotoxicity Mammalian cell genotoxicity

CO2 Transformation at Controlled Temperature with Lithium Hydroxide Solution and Metallic Lithium

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Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells

Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering（矿物质和材料特性和工程） 2024年第3期 189页

作者： elizabeth Teresita Romero-Guzmán José Luis Iturbe-García

来源：博看期刊评论

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第5期11卷 236-253页

作者： Kate elizabeth Hawkins Michael Duchen Cell and Developmental Biology Division of Biosciences University College London

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.

关键词： Induced pluripotent stem cells Alzheimer's disease Mitochondria

Intestinal antigen-presenting cells in mucosal immune homeostasis:Crosstalk between dendritic cells,macrophages and B-cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9653-9664页

作者： elizabeth R Mann Xuhang Li Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

The intestinal immune system maintains a delicate balance between immunogenicity against invading pathogens and tolerance of the commensal microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a breakdown in tolerance towards the microbiota. Dendritic cells (DC), macrophages (MΦ) and B-cells are known as professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) due to their specialization in presenting processed antigen to T-cells, and in turn shaping types of T-cell responses generated. Intestinal DC are migratory cells, unique in their ability to generate primary T-cell responses in mesenteric lymph nodes or Peyer’s patches, whilst MΦ and B-cells contribute to polarization and differentiation of secondary T-cell responses in the gut lamina propria. The antigen-sampling function of gut DC and MΦ enables them to sample bacterial antigens from the gut lumen to determine types of T-cell responses generated. The primary function of intestinal B-cells involves their secretion of large amounts of immunoglobulin A, which in turn contributes to epithelial barrier function and limits immune responses towards to microbiota. Here, we review the role of all three types of APC in intestinal immunity, both in the steady state and in inflammation, and how these cells interact with one another, as well as with the intestinal microenvironment, to shape mucosal immune responses. We describe mechanisms of maintaining intestinal immune tolerance in the steady state but also inappropriate responses of APC to components of the gut microbiota that contribute to pathology in IBD.

关键词： Antigen presenting cells Dendritic cells Macrophages B cells Inflammatory bowel disease

Role of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9026-9037页

作者： ILKe Nalbantoglu elizabeth M Brunt Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSaint Louis MO 63110 United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as abnormal accumulation (> 5%) of hepatic triglyceride without excess alcohol intake, is the most common form of chronic liver disease in adults and children in the United States. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of histologic findings including uncomplicated steatosis, steatosis with inflammation and steatohepatitis [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]; the latter can advance to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is currently accepted as the hepatic manifestation of the set of cardiovascular risk factors collectively known as metabolic syndrome. In 1999 a system for histologic grading and staging for NASH was proposed; this was revised by the NASH Clinical Research Network in 2005 for the entire spectrum of lesions in NAFLD, including the lesions and patterns of pediatric NAFLD, and for application in clinical research trials. Diagnosis remains distinct from grade and stage. A recent European proposal separates steatosis from activity to derive a numeric diagnosis of NASH. Even though there have been promising advancements in non-invasive testing, these tests are not yet detailed enough to replace the full range of findings provided by liver biopsy evaluation. Limitations of biopsy are acknowledged, but liver biopsy remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis and determination of amounts of necroinflammatory activity, and location of fibrosis, as well as remodeling of the parenchyma in NASH. This review focuses on the specific histologic lesions of NAFLD and NASH, grading and staging, differential diagnoses to be considered, and the continuing role of the liver biopsy in this important liver disease.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver biopsy Histopathology Grading and staging

Consequences of fractal grade distribution for bulk sorting of a copper porphyry deposit

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 477-480页

作者： Peter Coghill David Miljak elizabeth Williams CSIRO Mineral Resources Flagship

We show the presence of fractal ordering of copper grade in bore core data at short range in the Cadia Ridgeway porphyry deposit and measure its persistence after mining by monitoring the output of the mine every 20 s for a month using a large scale, zero field magnetic resonance sensor. A simple model is used to investigate this connection and its consequences for sorting of the ore. Fractal distributions, and their associated power laws, have two features highly favourable for segregating ore： a large proportion of low-grade pods and the large scale spatial clustering of grade.

关键词： FractalMagnetic resonanceCopperPorphyry