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Childhood sleep:assessments,risk factors,and potential mechanisms

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 105-121页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji elizabeth Rovit Susannah Pitt Terri Lipman School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 426Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA School of Nursing College of Health SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA

Background Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the *** this review,we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in *** biological,psychosocial,and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant english language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych *** relevant data based and systematic reviews are *** This paper summarizes many risk factors for childhood sleep problems,including biological(e.g.,genetics,gender,age and puberty,prenatal factors,postnatal factors);nutritional(e.g.,macronutrients,micronutrients,omega-3 fatty acids,obesity);environmental(e.g.,heavy metals,noise,light,air pollution);interpersonal(e.g.,family,exposure to violence,screen media use,physical injury);and community/socioeconomic variables(e.g.,racial/ethnicity and cultural factors,neighborhood conditions and socioeconomic status,school factors,public health disasters/emergencies),to better understand the development of sleep problems in *** Poor childhood sleep is a multifactorial issue affected by a wide range of prenatal and early-life biological,environmental,and psychosocial risk factors and contributors.A better understanding of these risk factors and their mechanisms is an important first step to develop future research and prevention programs focusing on pediatric sleep problems.

关键词： Child sleep Pediatrics Risk factor Mechanisms

IMAGe-BUILDING AND FRAMING PROCeSSeS OF AN ANTI-MOTHeR/-WOMAN IN CICeRO’S PRO CLUeNTIO

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2024年第1期39卷 51-72,124页

作者： Hongxia Zhang elizabeth Webster IHAC NENUChangchun

In this case study we explore Cicero’s processes of framing and image-building regarding the concept of an anti-mother/-*** this we examine Cicero’s portrayal of Sassia,a woman who features as one of the main antagonists of his speech Pro *** analyse Cicero’s depiction of Sassia’s evilness towards her son,Cluentius,through the lens of frame and framing *** doing so,this case study aims to present a deeper understanding of Cicero’s stratagems(e.g.,priming,calling for action;nudging,pushing someone towards action;and affordance,offering a frame to act outside of or within)which were employed in order to devise a negative characterisation of *** application of this methodological approach to Cicero’s framing of Sassia provides a new scope for analysing not only the classical text itself but also for the analysis of ancient human society to which it belonged.

关键词： affordance Cicero frames&framing image-building nudging&priming Roman Republic stereotypes

A rat model of multicompartmental traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock induces bone marrow dysfunction and profound anemia

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 367-376页

作者： Lauren S.Kelly Jennifer A.Munley erick e.Pons Kolenkode B.Kannan elizabeth M.Whitley Letitia e.Bible Philip A.efron Alicia M.Mohr Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA Pathogenesis LLCGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Background:Severe trauma is associated with systemic inflammation and organ *** rodent trauma models are the mainstay of postinjury research but have been criticized for not fully replicating severe human *** aim of this study was to create a rat model of multicompartmental injury which recreates profound traumatic ***:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock(LCHS),multicompartmental polytrauma(PT)(unilateral lung contusion,hemorrhagic shock,cecectomy,bifemoral pseudofracture),or na?ve ***,plasma toll-l ike receptor 4(TLR4),hemoglobin,spleen to body weight ratio,bone marrow(BM)erythroid progenitor(CFU-GeMM,BFU-e,and CFU-e)growth,plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and right lung histologic injury were assessed on day 7,with significance defined as p valuesesults:Polytrauma resulted in markedly more profound inhibition of weight gain compared to LCHS(p=0.0002)along with elevated plasma TLR4(per hemoglobin(penlarged spleen to body weight ratios(p=0.004).Both LCHS and PT demonstrated suppression of CFU-e and BFU-e growth compared to naive(pelevated in PT compared to both na?ve and LCHS(pemonstrated significant histologic right lung injury with poor alveolar wall integrity and interstitial ***:Multicompartmental injury as described here establishes a reproducible model of multicompartmental injury with worsened anemia,splenic tissue enlargement,weight loss,and increased inflammatory activity compared to a less severe *** may serve as a more effective model to recreate profound traumatic injury to replicate the human inflammatory response postinjury.

关键词： anemia i nflammation polytrauma pseudofracture shock

Childhood sleep:physical,cognitive,and behavioral consequences and implications

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 122-132页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji Susannah Pitt Guanghai Wang elizabeth Rovit Terri Lipman Fan Jiang School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 424Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA College of Health Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute Department of Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Sleep problems in children have been increasingly recognized as a major public health *** research has extensively studied and presented many risk factors and potential mechanisms for children’s sleep *** this paper,we aimed to identify and summarize the consequences and implications of child sleep *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant english language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych Info published in the past two *** relevant data-based articles and systematic reviews are *** Many adverse consequences are associated with child sleep deficiency and other sleep problems,including physical outcomes(e.g.,obesity),neurocognitive outcomes(e.g.,memory and attention,intelligence,academic performance),and emotional and behavioral outcomes(e.g.,internalizing/externalizing behaviors,behavioral disorders).Current prevention and intervention approaches to address childhood sleep problems include nutrition,exercise,cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia,aromatherapy,acupressure,and *** interventions may be particularly important in the context of coronavirus disease *** research and policy strategies can target the risk factors of child sleep as well as the efficacy and accessibility of *** Given the increasing prevalence of child sleep problems,which have been shown to affect children’s physical and neurobehavioral wellbeing,understanding the multi-aspect consequences and intervention programs for childhood sleep is important to inform future research direction as well as a public health practice for sleep screening and intervention,thus improving sleep-related child development and health.

关键词： Behavior Child sleep Consequences Implications Neurocognitive Physical Prevention/intervention

LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.Marshall David Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward Rob M.ewing Donna e.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(eMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces eMT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce eMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk eMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

Storylines of family medicine Ⅷ:clinical approaches

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 70-78页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Lauren e Gibson-Oliver elizabeth Kyle Meehan Mari A Ricker David Loxterkamp Stacy A Ogbeide Frank V deGruy Megan R Mahoney Steven Lin Clare MacRae Stewart W Mercer Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine The University of Arizona College of Medicine-TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA Bucksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA eugene S.Farley Jr.Health Policy CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Family and Community Medicine University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅷ:clinical approaches’,authors address the following themes:‘evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅠ—toward a working diagnosis’,‘evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅡ—process steps’,‘Interweaving integrative medicine and family medicine’,‘Halfway—the art of clinical judgment’,‘Seamless integration in family medicine—team-based care’,‘Technology—uncovering stories from noise’and‘Caring for patients with multiple long-term conditions’.May readers recognise in these essays the uniqueness of a family medicine approach to care.

关键词： uniqueness dimensions illustration

Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon J. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun elizabeth Ko G. Adam Mott Jason C.L. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of Cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Centre for the Analysis of Genome evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 *** proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple *** differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular *** present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged *** chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our *** predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to *** levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using *** chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as *** plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,ch

关键词： Ageing Life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

Distinct and Additive effects of Alcohol and Thiamine Deficiency in the Developing Brain: Relevance to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第6期14卷 161-186页

作者： Suzanne M. de la Monte elizabeth Silbermann Ming Tong Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology) Neurology and Neurosurgery Brown University Providence RI USA Department of Medicine Brown University Providence RI USA Rhode Island Hospital Providence RI USA Women & Infants Hospital Providence RI USA Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA Portland VA Medical Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA

Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are linked to brain insulin resistance and oxidative stress. However, the role of thiamine deficiency as a distinct or additive factor in the pathogenesis of the neurodevelopmental and metabolic derangements in FASD has not been determined. Methods: Control and ethanol-exposed human PNeT2 cerebellar neuronal cells and rat cerebellar slice cultures were treated with vehicle or pyrithiamine (Pyr) to assess independent and additive effects of thiamine deficiency on ethanol-mediated neurotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inhibition of neuronal and glial genes, and oxidative stress. Results: Pyr treatments (0 - 200 µM) caused dose-dependent cell loss (Crystal Violet assay) and reduced mitochondrial function (MTT assay) in PNeT2 neuronal cultures. ethanol alone (100 mM) significantly reduced PNeT2 neuronal viability, MTT activity, and ATP production. Over the broad dose range of Pyr treatment, ethanol significantly reduced ATP content and cell number and increased mitochondrial mass (MitoTracker Green). ex vivo cerebellar slice culture studies revealed ethanol-induced developmental architectural disruption that was substantially worsened by Pyr. The adverse effects of ethanol were linked to increased lipid peroxidation and inhibition of asparatyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH) expression. The independent and additive effects of Pyr were associated with increased cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, Caspase 3 activation, and Tau accumulation. Conclusions: During development, alcohol exposure and thiamine deficiency exert distinct but overlapping molecular pathologies that ultimately impair the structure and function of cerebellar neurons. While both insults drive cell loss and mitochondrial dysfunction with increased lipid peroxidation, ethanol’s additional inhibitory effects on ASPH reflect impairments in insulin and IGF signaling. In contrast, Pyr’s main adverse e

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Thiamine Deficiency Cerebellum Slice Culture Pyrithiamine

Country-based modelling of COVID-19 case fatality rate:A multiple regression analysis

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第1期13卷 84-94页

作者： Soodeh Sagheb Ali Gholamrezanezhad elizabeth Pavlovic Mohsen Karami Mina Fakhrzadegan Department of Radiology Seattle Children's HospitalUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98145United States Department of Radiology Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033United States Department of Nursing University of New BrunswickNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Canada Department of Orthopedics Taleghani HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

BACKGROUND The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak worldwide has caused concern regarding the mortality rate caused by the *** determinants of mortality on a global scale cannot be fully understood due to lack of *** To identify key factors that may explain the variability in case lethality across *** We identified 21 Potential risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)case fatality rate for all the countries with available *** examined univariate relationships of each variable with case fatality rate(CFR),and all independent variables to identify candidate variables for our final multiple *** regression analysis technique was used to assess the strength of *** The mean of COVID-19 mortality was 1.52±1.72%.There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between health expenditure,and number of computed tomography scanners per 1 million with CFR,and significant direct correlation was found between literacy,and air pollution with *** final model can predict approximately 97%of the changes in *** The current study recommends some new predictors explaining affect mortality ***,it could help decision-makers develop health policies to fight COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Case fatality rate Predictive model Multiple regression