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Magnetopause properties at the dusk magnetospheric flank from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations,the kinetic Vlasov equilibrium,and in situ observations--Potential implications for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 222-233页

作者： Marius Echim Costel Munteanu Gabriel Voitcu eliza Teodorescu Institute of Space Science Măgurele 077125Romania Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy 1180 BrusselsBelgium Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence(STCE) 1180 BrusselsBelgium

We derived the properties of the terrestrial magnetopause(MP)from two modeling approaches,one global–fluid,the other local–kinetic,and compared the results with data collected in situ by the Magnetospheric Multiscale 2(MMS2)*** used global magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulations of the Earth’s magnetosphere(publicly available from the NASA-CCMC[National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Community Coordinated Modeling Center])and local Vlasov equilibrium models(based on kinetic models for tangential discontinuities)to extract spatial profiles of the plasma and field variables at the Earth’s *** global MHD simulations used initial solar wind conditions extracted from the OMNI database at the time epoch when the MMS2 observes the *** kinetic Vlasov model used asymptotic boundary conditions derived from the same in situ MMS measurements upstream or downstream of the *** global MHD simulations provide a three-dimensional image of the magnetosphere at the time when the MMS2 crosses the *** Vlasov model provides a one-dimensional local view of the MP derived from first principles of kinetic *** MMS2 experimental data also serve as a reference for comparing and validating the numerical simulations and *** found that the MP transition layer formed in global MHD simulations was generally localized closer to the Earth(roughly by one Earth radius)from the position of the real MP observed by the *** also found that the global MHD simulations overestimated the thickness of the MP transition by one order of magnitude for three analyzed variables:magnetic field,density,and tangential *** MP thickness derived from the local Vlasov equilibrium was consistent with observations for all three of these *** overestimation of density in the Vlasov equilibrium was reduced compared with the global MHD *** discuss our results in the context of future SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)campaigns for observing

关键词： magnetopause magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations Vlasov equilibrium Magnetospheric Multiscale observations

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科技纵览 2024年第1期 24-27页

作者： eliza Strickland 不详

媒体组织利用数字清单,防止深度伪造和虚假信息。2023年4月,一则竞选广告出现在美国共和党全国委员会的You Tube频道,广告显示了一系列画面:庆祝连任L的美国总统拜登,在美国城市街道上护窗紧闭的银行和防暴警察,以及从美墨边境涌入的移... 详细信息

媒体组织利用数字清单,防止深度伪造和虚假信息。2023年4月,一则竞选广告出现在美国共和党全国委员会的You Tube频道,广告显示了一系列画面:庆祝连任L的美国总统拜登,在美国城市街道上护窗紧闭的银行和防暴警察,以及从美墨边境涌入的移民。广告的文案这样写道:“人工智能生成的‘国家未来展望’:假如2024年拜登连任。”

关键词：竞选广告人工智能美国共和党防暴警察虚假信息未来展望

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2024年人工智能现状

科技纵览 2024年第7期 8-9页

作者： eliza Strickland 不详

每年,人工智能指数都迎来更令人咋舌的数据,让人感到惊诉。2024年,502页的报告证明我们正处于人工智能蓬勃发展的时期。该报告由斯坦福大学以人为本人工智能研究所(HAI)于4月发布,涵盖了研发、技术性能、负责任的人工智能、经济、教育... 详细信息

每年,人工智能指数都迎来更令人咋舌的数据,让人感到惊诉。2024年,502页的报告证明我们正处于人工智能蓬勃发展的时期。该报告由斯坦福大学以人为本人工智能研究所(HAI)于4月发布,涵盖了研发、技术性能、负责任的人工智能、经济、教育、政策和监管、多样性和舆论等方面的趋势。在此,我们编制了4个图表来说明2024年人工智能的现状。

关键词：人工智能斯坦福大学以人为本多样性图表现状

Hydraulic energy indices reveal spatial dependence in a subtropical soil under maize crop in Southern Brazil

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 771-782页

作者： Maria eliza TUREK Robson Andre ARMINDO Ole WENDROTH Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering(PPGEA) Federal University of Paraná(UFPR)Curitiba 81531980(Brazil) Department of Physics(DFI) Federal University of Lavras(UFLA)Mailbox 3037Lavras 37200900(Brazil) Department of Plant&Soil Sciences University of Kentucky(UK)Lexington 40546-0091(USA)

Soil physical quality(SPQ)assessment is an important part in the evaluation of soil use,management,and *** can be assessed using several physical properties,hydraulic indices,and *** from tropical and temperate regions represent different physical behaviors,and the quantification of their physical properties is important to support soil evaluation and *** objective of this study was to evaluate the SPQ in a subtropical field under maize crop cultivation according to its physical properties,hydraulic indices,and functions in an attempt to infer the spatial variability and to determine the behavior of soil physical structure across a spatial *** used soil key physical variables,such as texture,bulk density,total porosity,saturated hydraulic conductivity,and organic carbon content,were measured in a regular grid with a soil sampling density of 30 points per hectare,covering an area of0.5 *** hydraulic conductivity varied strongly between subsamples and in the field,suggesting the heterogeneity of the soil structure regarding water *** physical variables were combined with other indicators,which were based on the soil water retention curve and the pore size distribution(PSD)*** analysis was performed to verify the relationship between the measured and calculated variables,and some strong linear correlations were revealed,such as between aeration energy index and microporosity(r=0.608)and water retention energy index with microporosity(r=0.532)and with bulk density(r=0.541).For most sampled locations,the shape and location parameters of PSD showed results outside of the optimum ranges,whereas the hydraulic energy indices and cumulative hydraulic energy functions presented values that were similar to those found for some tropical soils described in the *** spatial variability of these indices was described using semivariograms and kriged maps,indicating the variability of the SPQ i

关键词： geostatistics integral energy pore size distribution soil physical indicators soil physical quality soil water retention curve

Successful conservative management with methotrexate and mifepristone of cervical pregnancy

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第1期25卷 71-73页

作者： eliza Shrestha Department of Obsterics and Gynecology the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

This study investigated possible effective treatments for cervical pregnancy, a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. The clinical records of 11 cases of ectopic pregnancy admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 1998 to 2010 were analyzed. All patients were treated with intermuscular injection of methotrexate （MTX, 50 mg）, and oral mifepristone （25 mg, bid）. All cases were successfully cured by conservative treatments using methotrexate plus mifepristone. Cervical pregnancy is a contributive factor to mutiple abortions and curettages. Methotrexate plus mifepristone, curettage through hysteroscopy and intracervical obturation with gauze are effective treatments of cervical pregnancy without the need for surgical intervention.

关键词： cervical pregnancy ectopic pregnancy conservative treatment

Structural modifications of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide:An idea for how to live in peace

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9882-9897页

作者： Magdalena Chmiela Karolina Rudnicka eliza Miszczyk Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ?ód?

In this review, we discuss the findings and concepts underlying the “persistence mechanisms” of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative rod bacterium that was discovered as a gastric pathogen by Marshall and Warren in 1984. H. pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of nearly half of the human population. Infections appear in early childhood and, if not treated, persist for life. The presence or absence of symptoms and their severity depend on multiple bacterial components, host susceptibility and environmental factors, which allow H. pylori to switch between pathogenicity and commensalism. Many studies have shown that H. pylori components may facilitate the colonization process and the immune response of the host during the course of H. pylori infection. These H. pylori-driven interactions might result from positive or negative modulation. Among the negative immunomodulators, a prominent position is occupied by a vacuolating toxin A (VacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein. However, in light of the recent studies that are presented in this review, it is necessary to enrich this panel with H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Together with CagA and VacA, LPS suppresses the elimination of H. pylori bacteria from the gastric mucosa by interfering with the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells, diminishing the inflammatory response, and affecting the adaptive T lymphocyte response, thus facilitating the development of chronic infections. The complex strategy of H. pylori bacteria for survival in the gastric mucosa of the host involves both structural modifications of LPS lipid A to diminish its endotoxic properties and the expression and variation of Lewis determinants, arranged in O-specific chains of H. pylori LPS. By mimicking host components, this phenomenon leaves these bacteria “invisible” to immune cells. Together, these mechanisms allow H. pylori to survive and live for many years within the

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide Immune response Adaptation Inflammation

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五问乔伊·布兰维尼

科技纵览 2024年第1期 21-21页

作者： eliza Strickland

乔伊·布兰维尼(Joy Buolamwini)是人工智能研究员,身为黑人,她第一次引起轰动是因为一次TED演讲。她在演讲中表示,除非她戴上白色口罩,否则面部识别系统无法检测到她的脸。她也是算法正义联盟的创始人。布兰维尼的新书《揭开人工智能... 详细信息

乔伊·布兰维尼(Joy Buolamwini)是人工智能研究员,身为黑人,她第一次引起轰动是因为一次TED演讲。她在演讲中表示,除非她戴上白色口罩,否则面部识别系统无法检测到她的脸。她也是算法正义联盟的创始人。布兰维尼的新书《揭开人工智能的神秘面纱:我在机器世界中保护人类的使命》(Unmasking Al:My Mission to Preserve What is Human in a World of Machines)提醒工程师们,默认设置不是中立的,便捷的数据集可能充斥着道德和法律问题,基准也并非总是评估正确的事。

关键词：人工智能默认设置面部识别系统工程师们维尼布兰 World

An Unmitigated Disaster: Shifting from Response and Recovery to Mitigation for an Insurable Future

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 179-192页

作者： eliza de Vet Christine Eriksen Kate Booth Shaun French Australian Centre for Culture EnvironmentSociety andSpace(ACCESS)School of Geography and SustainableCommunitiesFaculty of Social SciencesUniversity ofWollongongWollongong NSW2522Australia Geography and Spatial Science University of TasmaniaHobart TAS7001Australia School of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesUniversityof NottinghamNottingham NG72RDEngland

Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance *** the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from ***, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.

关键词： Australia Disaster mitigation Household insurance Household marginalization Household resilience Natural hazards

Effect of music on procedure time and sedation during colonoscopy:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第34期14卷 5336-5343页

作者： Wilson WS Tam eliza LY Wong Sheila F Twinn Nethersole School ofNursing 8/F Esther Lee BuildingThe Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Public Health 4/F PostgraduateEducation CentrePrince of Wales Hospital

AIM:To integrate results from different studies in examining the effectiveness of music in reducing the procedure time and the amount of sedation used during colonoscopic procedure. METHODS: An electronic search in various databases was performed to identify related articles. Study quality was evaluated by the Jadad’s scale. The random effect model was used to pool the effect from individual trials and the Cohen Q-statistic was used to determine heterogeneity. Egger’s regression was used to detect publication bias. RESULTS: Eight studies with 722 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The combined mean difference for the time taken for the colonoscopy procedure between the music and control groups was -2.84 with 95% CI (-5.61 to -0.08), implying a short time for the music group. The combined mean difference for the use of sedation was -0.46 with 95%CI (-0.91 to -0.01), showing a significant reduction in the use of sedation in the music group. Heterogeneity was observed in both analyses but no publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Listening to music is effective in reducing procedure time and amount of sedation during colonoscopy and should be promoted.

关键词： Colonoscopy Colon cancer Meta-analysis Music therapy Screening