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Graphene 2022年第1期11卷 1-18页

作者： Jasper Chiguma eliud mushibe Natalya Gonopolskaya Wayne E. Jones Jr Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Binghamton University Binghamton NY USA

We present the electrical and supercapacitive performance of graphene nanoplatelets in polymer nanocomposites and flexible solid state electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC) respectively. Graphene-doped poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass exhibited transmittance above 95% and electrical conductivity of 2.70 × 10ˉ1 S·cmˉ1 and 9.01 × 10ˉ1 S·cmˉ1 respectively. Graphene loaded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites showed electrical conductivity as high as 2.11 × 10

Implementation of IEEE802.11 （Wi-Fi）in NS-3

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2016年第6期13卷 291-298页

作者： eliud Momanyi Manyinsa Telecommunication and Information Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi 00100 Kenya

重症监护病房肺栓塞治疗与预后的性别差别：多中心回顾性队列研究

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重症监护病房肺栓塞治疗与预后的性别差别：多中心回顾性队列研究

作者： Reubeni eliud Mkama 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:在重症监护病房(ICU)中关于性别对肺栓塞(PE)患者生存率的影响相关的文献很有限。对于严重的肺栓塞患者,尽管机械通气(MV)治疗仍然存在争议,但是干预措施至关重要。这些差异需要有研究去探索。因此,我们的研究旨在比较入ICU治疗的... 详细信息

背景:在重症监护病房(ICU)中关于性别对肺栓塞(PE)患者生存率的影响相关的文献很有限。对于严重的肺栓塞患者,尽管机械通气(MV)治疗仍然存在争议,但是干预措施至关重要。这些差异需要有研究去探索。因此,我们的研究旨在比较入ICU治疗的肺栓塞患者性别差异和治疗结局之间的关系。材料和方法:本多中心回顾性研究在2013年1月至2020年12月期间进行。我们首先分析了性别差异,然后比较了主要结局存活和死亡,最后分析了机械通气组和非机械通气组之间的结局。我们入组了年龄大于18岁,通过肺动脉CT确诊肺栓塞的患者,排除了那些用其他办法诊断或存在肺动脉CT检查禁忌症的患者。所有数据均从医院数据库和来自中国山东省六家医院的重症监护病房(ICU)肺栓塞患者的电子病历中检索。结果:该研究包括100名确诊的PE患者,平均年龄为62±14岁。其中55名女性,与男性相比,合并慢性心脏病(20%vs4.4%),吸烟者(9.1%vs51.1%)(p0.05),并且在30天和6个月的死亡率更高(4.7%和6.1%),尽管这些差异没有统计学意义(p>0.05)。有趣的是,正如所预料的一样,非幸存者组表现出显著的生理异常(pH,心率和HCO3-),APACHE Ⅱ评分以及心脏肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(p0.05)。按降序排列的死亡危险因素如下;心肺复苏(OR6.48,p=0.001)95%CI,急性肝损伤(OR6.23,p=0.02)95%CI,血管加压药(OR5.46,p=0.001)95%CI,急性肾损伤(OR5.27,p=0.02)95%CI,MV(OR4.90,p=0.02)95%CI,急性呼吸衰竭(OR4.00,p=0.02)95%CI,APACHE Ⅱ评分(OR1.07,p=0.03)95%CI,感染(OR5.86,p=0.06)95%CI,体外膜氧合(ORO.16,p=0.04)95%CI。结论:我们的研究表明,与性别相关的预后上差异没有统计上的意义,慢性心脏病除外,该疾病已被证明具有负面影响。肺栓塞相关的合并症和并发症导致较差的预后以及死亡率。此外,应用机械通气作为预后的负面因素,导致30天死亡率增加和住院时间延长。

关键词：肺栓塞性别重症监护病房预后深静脉血栓

In <i>Vivo</i>Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extracts of <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i>in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第7期11卷 832-845页

作者： Dinah J. Sawe eliud N. M. Njagi Alice N. Muchugi Moses Ndiema Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Biochemistry Biotechnology and Microbiology School of Pure and Applied Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Genetic Resource Unit International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Department of Human Anatomy College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

The plant Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst) have been used to manage many diseases including diabetes mellitus without scientific evaluation of its efficacy and safety. The main objective of the project was to determine the antidiabetic activity of Chasmanthera dependens plant in a rat model. Experimental design was used where the stem of the plant was collected, dried, crashed into fine powder, extracted with distilled water at 60°C and lyophilized using a Freeze Dryer, packaged in air tight container and stored at -20°C ready for use. The extract was orally and intraperitoneally screened in alloxan induced diabetic mice for its hypoglycemic activity at doses of 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9 and 350 mg per kg body weight. Diabetes in mice was induced using 186.9 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate. Negative controls included normal and diabetic rats orally and intraperitoneally administered with physiological saline while positive controls included diabetic rats administered with glibenclamide as oral and insulin as intraperitoneal reference drug. The results revealed hypoglycemic activity in Chasmanthera dependens at the five different doses when given either orally or intraperitoneally. In conclusion, the medicinal plant at the various doses demonstrated significant (ρ ≤ 0.05) hypoglycemic activity. The author’s recommendation is continued use of the plant extracts at low therapeutic doses. Consideration should be made to carry out the same studies using higher animals including man.

关键词： Diabetes Hypoglycemia Plant Extract Chasmanthera dependens Albino Mice

Application of Magnetic Survey in the Investigation of Iron Ore Deposits and Shear Zone Delineation: Case Study of Mutomo-Ikutha Area, SE Kenya

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第7期6卷 729-740页

作者： Aaron K. Waswa Christopher M. Nyamai eliud Mathu Daniel W. Ichang’i Department of Geology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Geological Sciences SE Kenya University Kitui Kenya

The main objective of this research was to use ground magnetic survey to delineate shear zone and iron ore deposit within the Neoproterozoic rocks of Mutomo-Ikutha area of south eastern Kenya. Total field magnetic data was recorded by using high resolution proton precision geometric magnetometer which recorded total components of the ground magnetic anomaly data running through sixteen traverses. The field data was qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted and the results gave values for the total component measurements of ground magnetic anomaly that varied between a minimum negative peak value of about 250 nanoTesla and a maximum of about 1000 nanoTesla. 550 nanoTesla was considered to be threshold of the iron mineralization within the area. The results indicated that the western part of Mutomo-Ikutha was sheared, faulted and contained iron ore mineralization trending in the north-south direction. Areas with high anomalous values were geochemically proven to contain magnetite.

关键词： Iron Ore Magnetic Survey Neoproterozoic Mutomo-Ikutha

Antimicrobial Properties of Actinomycetes Isolated from Menengai Crater in Kenya

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CellBio 2017年第2期6卷 13-26页

作者： Paul Njenga Waithaka Francis B. Mwaura John M. Wagacha eliud M. Gathuru Benson M. Githaiga School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Egerton University Njoro Kenya

A study was carried out to isolate and screen actinomycetes for antimicrobials from Menengai Crater in Kenya. The actinomycetes were isolated using starch casein agar, Luria Bertani agar and starch nitrate agar. Primary screening for antagonism was carried out using perpendicular method while secondary screening was done using agar disk technique. Extraction of the antimicrobials was carried out using ethyl acetate. Sensitivity testing of the crude extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora, Candida albicans, Alternaria alternate and Fusarium oxysporum was carried out using agar well technique. Biochemical tests and carbon source requirements were used in characterization of the selected antimicrobial producers. M1 was the best agar medium for isolation of actinomycetes. The number of actinomycetes from regions A, B, C, and D in the crater varied significantly (F = 27.50 P = 0.000). Out of the 156 actinomycetes isolates, 20 isolates were positive for both primary and secondary screening for antimicrobials. There was no significant difference in the zones of inhibition in primary screening of the actinomycetes for antagonistic properties against the test pathogens (F = 1.6957 P = 0.0838). The zones of inhibition after secondary screening varied significantly (F = 2.4473 P = 0.0089). Likewise, there was a significant difference (F = 6.6046 P = 0.001338) in the zones of inhibition after exposing the pathogens to ethyl extracts of the selected antagonistic actinomycetes. There is need to purify and characterize the antimicrobials obtained from the present study.

关键词： Actinomycetes Antimicrobials Crater Menengai Metabolites Sensitivity

Attendance and Utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC) Services: Multi-Center Study in Upcountry Areas of Uganda

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第3期5卷 132-142页

作者： Peter Chris Kawungezi Douglas AkiiBua Carol Aleni Michael Chitayi Anxious Niwaha Andrew Kazibwe Elizabeth Sunya eliud W. Mumbere Carol Mutesi Cathy Tukei Arabat Kasangaki Sarah Nakubulwa School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda School of Health Sciences Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda School of Biomedical Sciences Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda Department of Dentistry Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda Department of Obs & Gyn Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda

Introduction: Globally every year 529,000 maternal deaths occur, 99% of this in developing coun-tries. Uganda has high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality ratios, typical of many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent findings reveal maternal mortality ratio of 435:100,000 live births and neonatal mortality rate of 29 deaths per 1000 live births in Uganda;these still remain a challenge. Women in rural areas of Uganda are two times less likely to attend ANC than the urban women. Most women in Uganda have registered late ANC attendance, averagely at 5.5 months of pregnancy and do not complete the required four visits. The inadequate utilization of ANC is greatly contributing to persisting high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda. This study was set to identify the factors associated with late booking and inadequate utilization of Antenatal Care services in upcountry areas of Uganda. Method: Cross-sectional study design with mixed methods of interviewer administered questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data was entered using Epidata and analyzed using Stata into frequency tables using actual tallies and percentages. Ethical approval was sought from SOM-REC MakCHS under approval number “#REC REF 2012-117” before conducting the study. Results: A total of four hundred one were enrolled with the majority being in the age group 20 - 24 years (mean age, 25.87 ± 6.26). Health workers played a great role (72.04%), followed by the media (15.46%) and friends (12.50%) in creating awareness about ANC. A significant number of respondents went to TBAs with reasons such as “near and accessible”, “my husband decided”, and “they are the only people I know”. 37.63% of the respondents considered getting an antenatal Card as an importance of ANC. 71 (19.67%) respondents gave a wrong opinion (late) on booking time with reasons like demands at work, no problems during pregnancy, advised by friends, just to get a card, long distance

关键词： Antenatal Care ANC Utilization Attendance

National prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 97-97页

作者： Lynne Elson Christopher Kamau Sammy Koech Christopher Muthama George Gachomba Erastus Sinoti Elwyn Chondo eliud Mburu Miriam Wakio Jimmy Lore Marta Maia Ifedayo Adetifa Benedict Orindi Phillip Bejon Ulrike Fillinger Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Kilifi Kenya Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Health Muranga Kenya Department of Health Kericho Kenya Department of Health Makueni Kenya Department of Health Nakuru Kenya Department of Health Samburu Kenya Department of Health Kilifi Kenya Department of Health Kajiado Kenya Department of Health Taita Taveta Kenya Department of Health Turkana Kenya London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe) Nairobi Kenya

Background Tungiasis is a highly neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea,Tunga penetrans,the female of which burrows into the skin,causing pain and *** disease occurs throughout South America and sub-Saharan Africa but there are few systematic data on national disease *** tungiasis research community is keen to develop survey methods to fill this *** we used a school-based,thorough examination method to determine the prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in *** We conducted the first nationally representative survey of tungiasis,including nine counties covering the major ecological zones of Kenya.A stratified multistage random sampling was used to select 22 primary schools from each of the nine counties and to select up to 114 pupils aged 8 to 14 years in each *** were examined thoroughly for *** surveys were conducted,the first between May and July 2021 and the second between October 2021 and April 2023 when pupils were also interviewed for risk *** effect logistic regression models were used to test associations of independent variables with tungiasis using the school as a random *** The overall prevalence of tungiasis in the first survey was 1.35%[95%confidence interval(CI):1.15-1.59%],and 0.89%in the second *** prevalence ranged from 0.08%(95%CI:0.01-0.59%)in Taita Taveta county to 3.24%(95%CI:2.35-4.44%)in Kajiado *** infection was associated with county of residence,male sex[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.01,95%CI:1.52-2.67],and lower age(aOR=0.81,95%CI:0.75-0.88).For the first time we demonstrate an association with attending public schools rather than private schools(aOR=5.62,95%CI:1.20-26.22)and lower socioeconomic status(aOR=0.10,95%CI:0.03-0.33).Using a rapid screening method of the top of feet only,would have missed 62.9%of all cases,78.9%of mild cases and 20.0%of severe *** Tungiasis is widely but heterogeneously distributed across K

关键词： Tungiasis Neglected tropical diseases Prevalence Disease burden Kenya