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Intracellular NHX-Type Cation/H＋ Antiporters inPlants

Molecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 261-263页

作者： Maria Reguera elias bassil Eduardo Blumwald Department of Plant Sciences Mail Stop 5 University of California One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA

Cells depend on the homeostatic maintenance of pHwithin specific cellular compartments to ensure optimalconditions for metabolic and enzymatic processes as wellas protein structure and function. In the animal secre-tory pathway, cells maintain distinct luminal pHs withinvarious compartments （Paroutis et al., 2004）. Among themany molecular players that contribute to pH and ionhomeostasis in plants, Na＋（K＋）/H＋ exchangers （also knownas NHX-type cation/H＋ antiporters） appear to be particu-larly important for the regulation of a wide variety ofphysiological processes, including cell expansion, cellvolume regulation, osmotic adjustment, pH regulation,membrane trafficking, protein processing, and cellularstress responses （Pardo et al., 2006; Rodriguez-Rosaleset al., 2009; bassil et al., 2012）. In plants, NHX antiportersappeared early in evolution and are ubiquitously encodedmembers of the CPA1 cation/H＋ antiporters subgroupthat belongs to the large family of monovalent cation/H＋ transporters CPA （Brett et al., 2005）. NHX antiport-ers are found, thus far, in all sequenced plant genomes（bassil et al., 2012; Chanroj et al., 2012）. In Arabidopsis,the NHX family consists of eight isoforms, six of whichare intracellular （AtNHXl-AtNHX6）, located either to thevacuole （AtNHXl to AtNHX4） or endosomes （AtNHX5 andAtNHX6） and an additional two more divergent members（AtNHX7/SOSl and AtNHX8） at the plasma membrane（bassil et al., 2012）. Orthologous sequences in each of thethree classes （plasma membrane, vacuolar, or endosomal）appear in all sequenced genomes, suggesting that distinctfunctional NHX classes appeared early in evolution andmay have conserved roles that are compartment-specific（bassil et al., 2012）. Emerging new evidence highlightsthe importance of particular intracellular NHX antiport-ers in the regulation of vesicular and vacuolar pH andK＋ homeostasis. Vacuolar NHXs are needed to maintainK＋ homeostasis between the vacuole and cytosol, with-out which cell expansion is compromi

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