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Daily activity rhythms, chronotypes, and risk-taking behavior in the signal crayfish

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 177-183页

作者： valerio SBRAGAGLIA Thomas BREITHAUPT Department of Marine Renewable Resources Marine Science Institute(ICM-CSIC)Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta3708003 BarcelonaSpain Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes Leibniz-lnstitute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesMüggelseedamm 31012587 BerlinGermany Department of Biological and Marine Sciences University of HullCottingham RoadHull HU67RXUK

Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms(i.e.,chronotypes)can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of predators.The most common measure to characterize chronotypes in animals as well as humans is the onset of activity(i.e.,early or late chronotypes).However,daily activity rhythms may also differ in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.Moreover,chronotypes may also be linked to other consistent inter-individual differences in behavior(i.e.,personality),such as the propensity to take risks.Here,we used the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculusto test the presence of chronotypes and risk-taking personality traits and a potential behavioral syndrome between these traits.We first exposed crayfish to 5 days of light-darkness to measure daily activity rhythms and then we applied a visual predator-simulating stimulus in 2 different contexts(neutral and food).Our results showed consistent(i.e.,across 5 days)inter-individual differences in the relative nocturnal activity displayed in the early and middle,but not in the late part of darkness hours.Moreover,while crayfish displayed inter-individual differences in risk-taking behavior,these were not found to be consistent across 2 contexts.Therefore,we were not able to formally test a behavioral syndrome between these 2 traits.In conclusion,our study provides the first evidence of chronotypes in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.This could be a valuable information for applied ecological aspects related to the signal crayfish,which is a major invasive species of freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome biological rhythms boldness feeding locomotor activity

Axonal tuning by GABA_(A) receptor unveils novel tricks from an old dog

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 533-534页

作者： Veronica Bonalume valerio Magnaghi Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

In the last years,axonal conductance of action potential trains became a novel subject of study,changing the view of axons,from a static cable-like compartment to a more complex and dynamic system(Debanne et al.,2011).Axonal computation,indeed,is canonically constituted by the action of voltage-gated ion channels,such as the classic Na+and K+channels,but recent studies demonstrated that it can be modulated by the action of other ion channel pumps,and metabolic factors(Byczkowicz et al.,2019;Zang and Marder.

关键词： tuning action classic

Surface science approach to the heterogeneous cycloaddition of CO_(2) to epoxides catalyzed by site-isolated metal complexes and single atoms: a review

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Green Chemical Engineering 2022年第3期3卷 210-227页

作者： valerio D'Elia Arjan W.Kleij Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology(VISTEC)555 Moo 121210PayupnaiWangChanRayongThailand Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia(ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science&TechnologyAv.Paisos Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain Institute of Catalan Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain

The cycloaddition of CO_(2) to epoxides to afford cyclic organic carbonates is an increasingly relevant non-reductive strategy to convert CO_(2) to useful products able to serve as high-boiling solvents,chemical intermediates,and monomers for the preparation of more sustainable polymers.The development of efficient and robust hetero-geneous catalysts for such transformation is,therefore,crucial and can be carried out by several strategies that often require the preparation of sophisticated and/or expensive organic networks,linkers,or compounds.A different approach to the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts for CO_(2)-epoxide coupling is by applying surface science methodologies to graft molecular fragments or single atoms on various supports leading to well-defined active sites.In this context,surface organometallic chemistry(SOMC),along with comparable methodologies,is a valuable approach for the preparation of efficient,single-site Lewis acids and catalysts for the target cycloaddition reaction on metal oxides,whereas,other grafting methodologies,can be applied to prepare analogous catalysts on different kinds of surfaces.Finally,we discuss very recent advances in the application of surface methodologies for the preparation of single atom catalysts as an increasingly relevant approach towards highly active Lewis acids for the cycloaddition of CO_(2) to epoxides.Overall,we show that Lewis acids and catalysts prepared by facile surface methodologies hold significant potential for future application is the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO_(2).

关键词： Cyclic carbonates Surface science Single atoms Surface organometallic chemistry Catalysis

The reproductive strategy and the vibrational duet of the leafhopper Empoasca vitis

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 869-882页

作者： Rachele Nieri valerio Mazzoni Fondazione Edmund Mach Research and Innovation Center San Michele all'Adige Trentino Italy Department of Biology University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy

The recent description of a new vibrational mating disruption method to control the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball opened questions about its possible application to other leafhopper pests. Since the prerequisite for the method＇s successful application is a deep knowledge of the species mating behavior and the exact role of associated signals, we conducted behavioral assays on the green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Gothe, a pest of grapevine and other crops in Europe and Asia. Laser vibrometer recordings of single and paired individuals （male and female） during a 24-h period enabled us to detect and describe 2 male and 1 female signal. The pair formation starts when the female replies to a male call and a duet is established, then it continues through 2 different behavioral stages： Location and Courtship. The proper courtship begins only when the male locates the female. The latter is characterized by a significant change in temporal parameters that regards both the signals and the duet structure. Although the male calling activity and the female replying rate were the same during the 24 h, a lower number of matings was recorded during the night. We discuss the possible role of vision and of the species ecology as factors of reproductive success and mating strategy. Our conclusion is that the mechanical mating disruption technique seems feasible for future application to this species.

关键词： daily activity leafhopper mating behavior pest vibrational communication

Peritoneal adhesions after laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 4917-4925页

作者： valerio Mais Division of Gynecology Obstetrics and Pathophysiology of Human ReproductionDepartment of Surgical SciencesUniversity of Cagliari09124 CagliariItaly

Although laparoscopy has the potential to reduce peritoneal trauma and post-operative peritoneal adhesion formation,only one randomized controlled trial and a few comparative retrospective clinical studies have addressed this issue.Laparoscopy reduces de novo adhesion formation but has no efficacy in reducing adhesion reformation after adhesiolysis.Moreover,several studies have suggested that the reduction of de novo post-operative adhesions does not seem to have a significant clinical impact.Experimental data in animal models have suggested that CO2 pneumoperitoneum can cause acute peritoneal inflammation during laparoscopy depending on the insufflation pressure and the surgery duration.Broad peritoneal cavity protection by the insufflation of a low-temperature humidified gas mixture of CO2,N2O and O2 seems to represent the best approach for reducing peritoneal inflammation due to pneumoperitoneum.However,these experimental data have not had a significant impact on the modification of laparoscopic instrumentation.In contrast,surgeons should train themselves to perform laparoscopy quickly,and they should complete their learning curves before testing chemical anti-adhesive agents and antiadhesion barriers.Chemical anti-adhesive agents have the potential to exert broad peritoneal cavity protection against adhesion formation,but when these agents are used alone,the concentrations needed to prevent adhesions are too high and could cause major postoperative side effects.Anti-adhesion barriers have been used mainly in open surgery,but some clinical data from laparoscopic surgeries are already available.Sprays,gels,and fluid barriers are easier to apply in laparoscopic surgery than solid barriers.Results have been encouraging with solid barriers,spray barriers,and gel barriers,but they have been ambiguous with fluid barriers.Moreover,when barriers have been used alone,the maximum protection against adhesion formation has been no greater than 60%.A recent small,randomized clinical trial suggested that the combination of

关键词： Peritoneal adhesions Laparoscopy Abdomen Gastroint

The identification of wildlife-vehicle collision hotspots: Citizen science reveals spatial and temporal patterns

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 99-111页

作者： Francesco valerio Marco Basile Rosario Balestrieri Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and DevelopmentInstituto de Investigação e Formação AvançadaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947006-554ÉvoraPortugal. UBC-Unidade de Biologia da Conservação Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947002-554ÉvoraPortugal. Associazione per la Ricerca la Divulgazione e l’Educazione Ambientale–ARDEAVia Ventilabro80126 NapoliItaly. Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management University of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.479106 FreiburgGermany. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale 180121 NaplesItaly.

Linear infrastructures(e.g.,roads,railways,pipelines,and powerlines)pose a serious threat to wildlife,due to the risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions(roadkills).The placement of mitigation measures,such as crossing structures,should consider species’life cycles and ecological requirements.Such an assessment would require data collection over large areas,which may be possible by employing citizen science.In this study,we aimed to identify spatiotemporal trends of roadkill occurrence using citizen science data from one of the most urbanized and biodiversityrich regions of Italy.Temporal trends were analyzed using generalized additive models,while landscape patterns were assessed by identifying significant thresholds over land cover gradients,related to increases in relative roadkill abundance,by employing threshold indicator taxa analysis.Our approach recorded a total of 529 roadkills,including 33 different species,comprising 13 mammal,10 bird,6 reptile,and 2 amphibian species.Statistical analysis indicated significant temporal trends for the red fox,the European hedgehog,the stone marten and the European badger,with peaks in roadkill occurrence between the winter and spring months.Relative roadkill abundance increased mostly in landscapes with anthropogenic land cover classes,such as complex cultivations,orchards,or urban surfaces.Our results allowed us to develop a map of potential roadkill risk that could assist in planning the placement of mitigation measures.Citizen science contributions from highly populated areas allowed data collection over a large area and a dense road network,and also directly led to the evaluation of management decisional options.

关键词： Roadkill Land cover Road ecology Seasonal trend Spatial prioritization Urban wildlife

Radiative loss of coherence in free electrons:a long-range quantum phenomenon

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 294-301页

作者： Cruz I.Velasco valerio Di Giulio F.Javier García de Abajo ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain ICREA-InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Passeig Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain

Quantum physics rules the dynamics of small objects as they interact over microscopic length scales.Nevertheless,quantum correlations involving macroscopic distances can be observed between entangled photons as well as in atomic gases and matter waves at low temperatures.The long-range nature of the electromagnetic coupling between charged particles and extended objects could also trigger quantum phenomena over large distances.Here,we reveal a manifestation of quantum mechanics that involves macroscopic distances and results in a nearly complete depletion of coherence associated with which-way free-electron interference produced by electron-radiation coupling in the presence of distant extended objects.This is a ubiquitous effect that we illustrate through a rigorous theoretical analysis of a two-path electron beam interacting with a semi-infinite metallic plate and find the inter-path coherence to vanish proportionally to the path separation at zero temperature and exponentially at finite temperature.The investigated regime of large distances originates in the coupling of the electron to radiative modes assisted by diffraction at material structures but without any involvement of material excitations.Besides the fundamental interest of this macroscopic quantum phenomenon,our results suggest an approach to measuring the vacuum temperature and nondestructively sensing the presence of distant objects.

关键词： temperature quantum macroscopic

Applications of Blockchain Technology in marketing—A systematic review of marketing technology companies

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第3期2卷 79-87页

作者： valerio Stallone Martin Wetzels Michael Klaas Zurich University of Applied Sciences Theaterstrasse 178401WinterthurSwitzerland Maastricht University 6200MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands

Given the emerging nature of integrating Blockchain Technology(BCT)into several business fields concerning the interaction between companies and their customers,this study aims to investigate the applications of BCT in marketing through an accurate procedure of locating,selecting and analyzing existing companies using BCT in marketing.A sample that consists of 800 companies was identified using web-scraping methods.The data set was collected from initial coin offerings(ICO)websites as well as from an existing,older landscape of applications.The data set was then intensively analyzed in order to be categorized into five fields of marketing technology.Advertising and ecommerce outgrew the other fields of social&relationship,content&experience and data in absolute numbers,revealing the focus of practitioners in the past as well as gaps for the future.The authors provided future directions for researchers on and development of tools to systematically generate knowledge and improve the application of BCT and the work of practitioners in marketing.

关键词： Blockchain Marketing Blockchain applications Blockchain in marketing

Design of hybrid-electric aircraft with fault-tolerance considerations

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第2期36卷 160-178页

作者： valerio MARCIELLO Francesco OREFICE Fabrizio NICOLOSI Danilo CILIBERTI Pierluigi DELLA VECCHIA Department of Industrial Engineering University of Naples"FedericoⅡ"Naples 80125Italy

The potential benefits of hybrid-electric or all-electric propulsion have led to a growing interest in this topic over the past decade.Preliminary design of propulsion systems and innovative configurations has been extensively discussed in literature,but steps towards higher levels of technological readiness,optimisation algorithms based on reliable weight estimation and simulationbased mission analysis are required.This paper focuses on the integration of a method for evaluating the lateral-directional controllability of an aircraft within a design chain that integrates aero-propulsive interactions,accurate modelling of the fuel system,and mid-fidelity estimation of the structural weight.Furthermore,the present work proposes a strategy for powerplant management in scenarios with an inoperative chain element.Benefits of hybrid-electric propulsion on the design of the vertical tail plane are evaluated involving the analysis of multiple failure scenarios and certification requirements.The proposed application concerns a commuter aircraft.

关键词： Distributed electric propulsion Failure management Fault-tolerance analysis Hybrid-electric aircraft Lateral-directional controllability