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Restoration or Rehabilitation of the Faleme River Affected by Mining Activities: What Methods?

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 233-263页

作者： Mor Diop Ibrahima Mall elhadji mamadou sonko Tidiane Diop Birane Niane Cheikh Mbow Environmental Sciences Institute (ISE) Cheikh Anta Diop university of Dakar Dakar Senegal Higher School of Mines Geology and Environment Amadou Mahtar Mbow University of Diamniadio (UAM) Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Cheikh Anta Diop university of Dakar Dakar Senegal Departmentof Engineering Sciences Iba Der Thiam University of Thi&#232s Thi&#232s Senegal

The Faleme River, a West Africa long transboundary stream (625 km) and abundant flow (>1100 million m3) is affected by severe erosion because of mining activities that takes place throughout the riverbed. To preserve this important watercourse and ensure the sustainability of its services, selecting and implementing appropriates restorations techniques is vital. In this context, the purpose of this paper was to present an overview of the actions and techniques that can be implemented for the restoration/rehabilitation of the Faleme. The methodological approach includes field investigation, water sampling, literature review with cases studies and SWOT analysis of the four methods presented: river dredging, constructed wetlands, floating treatment wetlands and chemical precipitation (coagulation and flocculation). The study confirmed the pollution of the river by suspended solids (TSS > 1100 mg/L) and heavy metals such as iron, zinc, aluminium, and arsenic. For the restoration methods, it was illustrated through description of their mode of operation and through some case studies presented, that all the four methods have proven their effectiveness in treating rivers but have differences in their costs, their sustainability (detrimental to living organisms or causing a second pollution) and social acceptance. They also have weaknesses and issues that must be addressed to ensure success of rehabilitation. For the case of the Faleme river, after analysis, floating treatment wetlands are highly recommended for their low cost, good removal efficiency if the vulnerability of the raft and buoyancy to strong waves and flow is under control.

关键词： Faleme River River Restoration Constructed Wetlands Dredging Floating Treatment Wetlands Coagulation-Flocculation

Development and Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) for the Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Gold Mining Areas of Southeastern Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第2期15卷 33-50页

作者： Mor Diop Ibrahima Mall El Hadji mamadou sonko Tidiane Diop Liengsy Badji Cheikh Mbow Environmental Sciences Institute (ISE) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Amadou Mahtar Mbow University of Diamniadio (UAM) Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Water is the most essential requirement for life. It provides a variety of purposes such as a source of water supply for drinking, domestic and industrial use, irrigated agriculture, livestock, and mining activities. Evaluating the status of water quality from traditional approaches does not guarantee the whole overview of the water quality situation. Therefore, developing a tool that can convert multiple parameters data into information that is understandable by both technical and non-technical personnel is vital. In this context, the purpose of this paper was to develop, calculate, and apply a water quality index for assessing the suitability (for drinking purposes) of groundwater in the gold mining areas in south-eastern Senegal. The development of this index based on WHO water quality guidelines followed the five standards steps i.e., parameters selection, sub-index formation, parameters weighting and sub-index aggregation and evaluation. Finally, the WQI summarized twelve key water quality parameters into 05 simple terms (excellent, good, medium, poor, and very poor) which is more relevant for reporting to managers and the public in a consistent manner. Thus, it was observed in the study area, that the water quality indexes in artisanal and industrial mining areas are either poor or very poor while in the reference stations (where there are no mining activities) WQI are either good or excellent. This situation was attributed to the effects of mining activities in such zones which contribute to the pollution of groundwater with heavy metals, nitrates, and suspended solids.

关键词： Water Quality Index Groundwater Gold Mining Pollution Heavy Metals

Knowledge of Patients and Their Accompanying Persons about Obliterative Arteriopathy of the Lower Limbs at Conakry University Hospital in 2022

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第9期13卷 511-519页

作者： Alpha Koné Alpha mamadou Diallo Sana Samoura Ibrahim Sory Barry Diane Kapché mamadou Bassirou Bah mamadou Saliou Diallo Souleymane Diakité Ibrahima Sory Sylla elhadji Yaya Baldé Zézé Onivogui Nicolas Zoumanigui Mariame Beavogui mamadou Dadhi Baldé Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of Cardiology Sino-Guinean Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology National Hospital Donka Conakry Guinea Department of Cardiology National Hospital Ignace Deen Conakry Guinea Department of Cardiology Mountain University of Bangangte Cameroon Bafousam Cameroon Department of Surgery Cardiovascular National Hospital Donka Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs is a marker of advanced atherosclerosis. It is one of the world’s most common cardiovascular diseases, present in one in five people over the age of 60, and carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of patients and their carers about obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs at Conakry University Hospital. Material and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 3 months, from March 12 to June 12, 2022 in the hospitals of the University Hospital of Conakry (Donka and Ignace Deen). Following free and informed consent, they were interviewed on the basis of a pre-established questionnaire. Socio-demographic data (age, gender, level of education) were collected, and knowledge of obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs. Results: The study involved 159 people, comprising 106 patients (66.66%) and 53 accompanying persons (33.34%) in the hospitals of the University Hospital of Conakry (Donka and Ignace Deen). The 60 to 79 age group was the most represented (44.7%), with an average age of 55.4 ± 15.9 years and extremes of 20 to 84 years. Half (47.8%) had not attended school, and almost all (96.4%) of those who had attended school had a low level of education (primary and secondary). Almost all of them (91.2%) had never heard of AOMI. Only 5% identified at least one risk factor, diabetes, hypertension and smoking. Amputation was the most frequently identified complication. About 98% did not know that AOMI is associated with myocardial infarction and stroke, and 93.7% did not know of any complications. Almost all the participants (99.4%) had poor knowledge of the following complications. Conclusion: Obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs could be prevented or delayed by screening and controlling risk factors. Our results show a huge deficit in knowledge of this pathology, including risk factors, preventive meas

关键词： Obliterative Arterial Disease of the Lower Limbs Knowledge Patients

Formulation, stability testing, and analytical characterization of melatonin-based preparation for clinical trial

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第4期7卷 237-243页

作者： Samira Filali Charlotte Bergamelli mamadou Lamine Tall Damien Salmon Diane Laleye Carole Dhelens elhadji Diouf Christine Pivot Fabrice Pirot Service pharmaceutique Plateforme FRIPHARMGroupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot5 Place d′ArsonvalF-69437 Lyon Cedex 03France Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle Plateforme FRIPHARMFaculté de PharmacieLaboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique – UMR 5305Université Claude Bernard Lyon 18 Avenue RockefellerF-69373 Lyon Cedex 08France

A new institutional clinical trial assessed the improvement of sleep disorders in 40 children with autism treated by immediate-release melatonin formulation in different regimens(0.5 mg, 2 mg, and 6 mg daily) for one month. The objectives of present study were to(i) prepare low-dose melatonin hard capsules for pediatric use controlled by two complementary methods and(ii) carry out a stability study in order to determine a use-bydate. Validation of preparation process was claimed as ascertained by mass uniformity of hard *** analysis by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared(ATR-FTIR) of melatonin/microcrystalline cellulose mixture allowed to identify and quantify relative content of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. Absolute melatonin content analysis by high performance liquid chromatography in 0.5 mg and 6 mg melatonin capsules was 93.6% ± 4.1% and 98.7% ± 6.9% of theoretical value, respectively. Forced degradation study showed a good separation of melatonin and its degradation products. The capability of the method was 15, confirming a risk of false negative < 0.01%. Stability test and dissolution test were compliant over 18 months of storage with European Pharmacopoeia. Preparation of melatonin hard capsules was completed manually and melatonin in hard capsules was stable for 18 months, in spite of low doses of active ingredient. ATR-FTIR offers a real alternative to HPLC for quality control of highdose melatonin hard capsules before the release of clinical batches.

关键词： Melatonin Stability-indicating method High-performance liquid chromatography Multicomponent infrared analysis Clinical trial Autism

Clinical and Therapeutic Evaluation of Hypertensives According to the Practice of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM) at the Bel Air International Clinic in Conakry from January 1, 2019 to November 30, 2022

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第6期13卷 327-332页

作者： Alpha Kone Fousseny Diakite Abel Mansaré Mahamoud Sama Cherif mamadou Bassirou Bah Sana Samoura Souleymane Diakité Ibrahima Sory Barry Ibrahima Sory Sylla elhadji Yaya Baldé Abdoulaye Bangoura Mariame Beavogui mamadou Dadhi Baldé Mohamed Lamine Kaba Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Bel Air International Clinic CIBA Conakry Guinea Cardiology Department of Sino-Guinean Hospital Conakry Guinea Donka National Hemodialysis Center Conakry Guinea Cardiology Department of National Hospital Ignace Deen Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM) is a non- invasive examination recommended for subjects at high cardiovascular risk, and those requiring a nocturnal drop in BP such as elderly and obese subjects, those with secondary hypertension or resistant, diabetics, subjects with metabolic syndrome or sleep apnea syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of ABPM in the diagnosis and evaluation of the level of control of hypertension under treatment at the Bel Air international clinic. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out at the Bel Air International Clinic in Conakry (Guinea) between January 2019 and November 30, 2022. It included a consecutive series of 180 consenting patients recruited through an ambulatory measurement of 24-hour blood pressure from a FUGADA brand device. Results: We collected 180 patients, with a male predominance (sex-ratio M/F = 2.46). The mean age of the patients was 48.48 ± 14.23 years. The most represented age group was that of 32 to 42 years with 50 cases (27.8%) followed by that of 43 to 52 years with 42 cases or 23.3%. The indication was for diagnostic purposes in 106 cases 58.9%, the therapeutic evaluation in 58 patients (32.2%). The examination was prescribed by a cardiologist in 98 cases (54.4%), a general practitioner in 71 cases (39.4%), a neurologist in 11 cases (6.1%). In the therapeutic evaluation, high blood pressure was controlled in 24 patients (13.3%) and uncontrolled in 34 cases (18.9%). In the diagnostic indication, high blood pressure was confirmed in 79 cases (43.9%) with a statistically significant link (Chi2 = 4.57 and p-value = 0.032). The nycthemeral mean was 187.27 ± 26.22 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 110.37 ± 19.06 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), during the day, 151.64 ± 21.45 mmHg for SBP and 71.59 ± 8.67 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. During the study 65 patients (36.1%) were id

关键词： Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement Guinea

Comparative Effects of Natural and Synthetic Fungicides on the Pink Root Disease of Onion (<i>Allium cepa </i>L.), in Nursery

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 743-750页

作者： Mouhameth Camara elhadji Faye Serigne Modou Sarr Emile Victor Coly mamadou Gueye Institut Supérieur de Formation Agricole et Rurale (ISFAR) Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Centre pour le Développement de l’Horticulture Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole Dakar Sénégal Université du Sine Saloum de Kaolack (USSK) Kaolack Sénégal

Onion is an important vegetable in Senegal horticulture, where it occupies the first place. However in the greatest areas production like the Gandiolais, in the North of Senegal, Pink root disease caused by a soil born fungus Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorentz, Walker and Larson affects its productivity especially in nursery. On soil sterilized and inoculated by the fungus, we tested 5 natural fungicides and 2 synthetic fungicides, to measure their effectiveness on the Pink root disease on onion, in nursery. The device used is a split plot with 4 repetitions and 8 treatments. The measured variables are the emergence rates, the survival rates and the infestation rates. Our experimentations have shown that, for the emergence rates, there is no significant difference between thiophanate-methyl (Pelt 44), Carbendazim (Bavistine), Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Carica papaya L. It is the same between C. papaya and Moringa oleifera Lam, between M. oleifera and Cassia alata L. It is also the same between C. alata and Crotolaria retusa L. Regarding the survival rates, there is no significant difference between thiophanate-methyl, Azadirachta indica, Carbendazim, C. papaya and M. oleifera. The same is true between M. oleifera and Cassia alata, and between C. alata and C. retusa. Concerning the infestation rates, apart from the control check, all other treatments show no difference.

关键词： Onion Pink Root Pyrenochaeta terrestris Hansen Fungicides

Hepatic Cirrhosis: Diagnostic and Prognosis in Internal Medicine

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2020年第2期10卷 171-180页

作者： Demba Diédhiou Djiby Sow elhadji mamadou Moussa Thioye Michel Assane Ndour Ibrahima Mané Diallo Fatou Kiné Gadji Anna Sarr Maimouna Ndour Mbaye Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Center of Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Sénégal

Introduction: Cirrhosis is a public health problem and the causes are dominated by viral hepatitis and alcoholism. Deaths due to cirrhosis represented 2.4% of deaths worldwide in 2017. The aim of this work was to study the diagnostic and prognosis of cirrhosis at the department of internal medicine of the Abass Ndao hospital center. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study, carried out on the basis of patient files followed from May 1, 1999 to February 28, 2018 (19 years) and included all patients for whom the diagnosis of cirrhosis was accepted. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made on the basis of clinical, biological and ultrasound (portal hypertension, signs of hepatocellular insufficiency, a diffuse heterogeneous aspect, and irregularity of the liver contours). Results: 60 patient files were listed with an average age of 46.9 years, a sex ratio of 2.2 and alcoholism in 11.7% of the cases. The reasons for consultation were dominated by an increase in the size of the abdomen (55%), lose weight (50%). On physical examination, it was a hepatomegaly (43.3%) and jaundices (33.3%). Exploration of liver function showed a cholestasis (48%), a cytolysis (58%) and a hepatocellular insufficiency (46.2%). Anemia was found in (24%). The abdominal ultrasound found in all cases a dysmorphic, heterogeneous liver with irregular contours. Hepatic atrophy was found in 20%. Among the 34 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, they were grade 2 to 3 esophageal varicose vein in 67.6%, an erosive gastropathy in 29.4%. The etiology was viral hepatitis B in 45%, alcoholism in 11.7% and undetermined in 43.3%. A hematemesis complicated the evolution in 16.7%. Carcinomatous degeneration was found in 5% and 16.7% of the patients had died. Conclusion: our experience with cirrhosis was marked by advanced forms at the stage of complications. The viral etiology B remains dominant. Preventi

关键词： Cirrhosis Diagnosis Internal Medicine Senegal

Dysthyroidism in Elderly Subjects

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2020年第2期10卷 181-189页

作者： Diedhiou Demba Diallo Ibrahima Mané Gadji Fatou Kiné Sow Djiby Ndour Michel Assane Barrage Ahmed Limane Thioye elhadji mamadou Moussa Ka-Cissé Mariama Sarr Anna Ndour-Mbaye Maimouna Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Center of Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Aging is associated with an anatomical and functional heterogeneity of the thyroid which varies according to the iodized status. The aim was to describe the clinical, etiology and therapeutic profile of dysthyroidism in elderly subjects in the internal medicine at the Abass Ndao University Hospital. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, including all subjects aged 60 and over followed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 (10 years) for thyroid disease. Results: 371 Patients were collected with a prevalence of 3.8%. The sex ratio was 0.15 and the mean age was 65.3 years. The circumstances of discovery of the disease were a grade 2 - 3 goiter (62.5%), exophthalmos (24.5%), thyrotoxicosis (56.6%), a symptom of low metabolism (5.4%), a cervical compression (10.8% including 8% of dysphasia), and a cardiothyreosis (9.4%). It was hyperthyroidism (65.2%), and hypothyroidism (7.2%). The main etiologies were toxic multinodular goiter (33.2%), Graves’s disease (29.6%), euthyroidism nodular goiter (26.8%), toxic adenoma (2.4%), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (6.7%). The compressive manifestations were exclusive of nodular goiter. Among the 35 cases of cardiothyreosis, there was a rhythm and conduction disorder in 25 cases (6.7%) and the underlying thyreopathy was a toxic nodular goiter in 57.1%. Thyroidectomy involved 44.7% of patients, including 32.6% of Graves’ disease, 48.3% of toxic nodular goiter, and 61.8% of nodular goiter in euthyroidism. We found 02 cases of papillary carcinomas on multinodular goiter. Conclusion: In our hospital series, there is variability in the clinical manifestations of dysthyroidism in the elderly. Complications, mainly cardiac and compressive, remain a major reason for consultation. Toxic nodular goiter is preponderant and its management, especially radical, must be multidisciplinary and according to the profile.

关键词： Elderly Dysthyroidism Internal Medicine Dakar