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PCSK9 and carbohydrate metabolism:A double-edged sword

World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第7期8卷 311-316页

作者： Theodosios D Filippatos Sebastian Filippas-Ntekouan eleni pappa Thalia Panagiotopoulou Vasilios Tsimihodimos Moses S Elisaf Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of Ioannina45110 IoanninaGreece

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9) plays a paramount role in the degradation of lowdensity lipoprotein(LDL) receptors(LDLR) on the hepatic cells surface and subsequently affects LDL particles catabolism and LDL cholesterol(LDL-c) levels. The anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies lead to substantial decrease of LDL-c concentration. PCSK9(which is also expressed in pancreatic delta-cells) can decrease LDLR and subsequently decrease cholesterol accumulation in pancreatic beta-cells, which impairs glucose metabolism and reduces insulin secretion. Thus, a possible adverse effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism may be expected by this mechanism, which has been supported by the mendelian studies results. On the other hand, clinical data have suggested a detrimental association of PCSK9 with glucose metabolism. So, the inhibition of PCSK9 may be seen as a double-edged sword regarding carbohydrate metabolism. Completed clinical trials have not shown a detrimental effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk, but their short-term duration does not allow definite conclusions.

关键词： Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Diabetes Carbohydrate metabolism Low-density lipoprotein Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors

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Role of fetuin A in the diagnosis and treatment of joint arthritis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第6期8卷 461-464页

作者： eleni pappa Despina S Perrea Spiridon Pneumaticos Vasileios S Nikolaou Laboratory of Experimental Surgery "N.S.Christeas" National and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of Medicine 3~(rd) Department of Orthopaedics KAT HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of Medicine 2~(nd) Department of Orthopaedics Agia Olga HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of Medicine

Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive disease which includes the intervention of several cytokines, macrophage metalleinoproteinases reaction, leading to the degradation of the local cartilage but also having an impact on the serum acute phase proteins(APPs). Subsequently, biomarkers seem to be essential to estimate its progression and the need for any surgical intervention such as total arthroplasty, but also can be used as therapeutic agents. Recently, among APPs, fetuin A drew attention regarding its possible anti-inflammatory role in animal models but also as a therapeutic agent in the inflammatory joint disease in clinical trials. In contrast with other APPs such as C-reactive protein, fetuin A appears to be lower in the serum of patients with degenerative joint disease in comparison with the healthy ones, and also acts as an antagonist of the anti-proliferative potential of transforming growth factor-b(TGF-b) cytokines. Because of its lower serum levels in arthritis, an unregulated binding of TGF-b and bone morphogenetic proteins takes place leading to further arthritic lesions. The purpose of the present review is to assess the current evidence regarding the multipotent role of the alpha-2-HSglycoprotein or as also known Fetuin-a in animal models but also as a biomarker of the degenerative joint arthritis in clinical trials.

关键词： Fetuin A Arthritis Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein Bone morphogenetic protein Inflammation Glycoprotein Treatment

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Quality and Sensory Properties of Reduced Fat Yoghurt Made with Addition of <i>β</i>-Glucans

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 390-402页

作者： eleni C. pappa Efthymia Kondyli William MacNaughtan Athanasia Kakouri Konstantinos Nesseris Cleanthes Israilides Dairy Research Department Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER Katsikas Greece Division of Food Sciences School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough UK DODONI S.A. 1 Tagmatarchi Kostaki Eleousa Greece Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER 1 S.Venizelou Lycovrysi Greece

β-Glucans, isolated from Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom, were used in the manufacture of yoghurt from reduced fat cow milk with added proteins. β-Glucans were added to the milk in the form of a paste containing 1.21% (on a dry weight basis) of β-glucans, such that the final concentrations in the yoghurt were 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%. Control yoghurt was also manufactured from the same milk without the addition of β-glucans. The resultant yoghurts were examined for their physicochemical and microbial characteristics, gel formation and sensory properties and compared to the control at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage. Results showed that the microbial population, pH, titratable acidity, ash and syneresis were not affected by the addition of different levels of glucans. The lowest fat, total solids and protein contents were recorded in the yoghurt containing 0.5% glucan. The yoghurt containing 0.3% β-glucan had the same viscosity as the control and the yoghurt containing 0.5% β-glucan had the lowest viscosity. Yoghurt with β-glucans received slightly higher scores for flavour, appearance and texture than the control. It was concluded that the incorporation of 0.3% or 0.4% β-glucans isolated from edible mushrooms, into the yoghurt does not affect the final product, which is similar or sensorially even better than the control.

关键词： β-glucans Functional Yoghurt Pleurotus citrinopileatus Mushroom

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