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Diagnosis,treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第4期12卷 344-365页

作者： Anastasios Serbis Vasileios Giapros eleni p kotanidou Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou Ekaterini Siomou Department of pediatrics University Hospital of IoanninaIoannina 45500Greece Department of Child Health University of IoanninaIoannina 45500Greece Department of pediatrics Medical SchoolAristotle University ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54636Greece

During the last two decades,there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) in children and adolescents,especially among those belonging to minority ethnic *** trend,which parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity,has caused great concern,even though T2 DM remains a relatively rare disease in *** T2 DM differs not only from type 1 diabetes in children,from which it is sometimes difficult to differentiate,but also from T2 DM in adults,since it appears to be an aggressive disease with rapidly progressive β-cell decline,high treatment failure rate,and accelerated development of *** the recent research,many aspects of youth T2 DM still remain unknown,regarding both its pathophysiology and risk factor contribution,and its optimal management and *** management approaches include lifestyle changes,such as improved diet and increased physical activity,together with pharmacological interventions,including metformin,insulin,and the recently approved glucagonlike peptide-1 analog *** is more important for everyone to realize though,from patients,families and physicians to schools,health services and policy-makers alike,is that T2 DM is a largely preventable disease that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor(i.e.,pediatric obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life,from conception until ***,relevant comprehensive,coordinated,and innovative strategies are urgently needed.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Children Adolescents Diagnosis Treatment prevention

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Role of exosomal circular RNAs as microRNA sponges and potential targeting for suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma growth and progression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 994-998页

作者： Nikolaos papadopoulos eleni-Myrto Trifylli The Second Department of Internal Medicine 401 General Army Hospital of AthensAthens 11525Greece The First Department of Internal Medicine 417 Share Army Fund HospitalAthens 11521Greece

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lyu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023;2219-2840).Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequently encountered and highly aggressive primary liver cancer,which remains the third-commonest cause of cancer-related death despite the current therapeutic *** is urgency in developing novel thera-peutic approaches,such as by manipulating extracellular vesicles,which con-stitute a highly heterogeneous nanoparticle population that contains various *** cargoes have a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication and can modify the functional level of the recipient cells via their uptake by other recipient *** non-coding RNAs have particular evolving significance in HCC,such as circular RNAs,which have been found differentially expressed in normal hepatic and HCC *** aberrations in their expression levels have a key role in the HCC development and progression and the overall *** this editorial,we will shed light on the emerging role of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC development and progression,focusing on the oncogenic or potentially tumor suppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs.

关键词： circular sponge progression

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Deformable microlaser force sensing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1196-1209页

作者： eleni Dalaka Joseph SHill Jonathan H.H.Booth Anna popczyk Stefan R.pulver Malte C.Gather Marcel Schubert Centre of Biophotonics SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsUK Humboldt Centre for Nano-and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneKölnGermany School of psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt Mary’s QuadSouth StreetSt AndrewsUK Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia BarcelonaSpain

Mechanical forces are key regulators of cellular behavior and function,affecting many fundamental biological processes such as cell migration,embryogenesis,immunological responses,and pathological *** force sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantify these otherwise invisible forces in single cells and in ***,current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of optically dense tissue,reducing their application to 2D cell cultures and highly transparent biological ***,we introduce DEFORM,deformable microlaser force sensing,a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton forces with unprecedented spatio-temporal *** is based on the spectral analysis of laser emission from dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the force-induced lifting of laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer *** validation by atomic force microscopy and development of a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied force,DEFORM is used to measure forces in 3D and at depths of hundreds of microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage Drosophila *** furthermore show continuous force sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution,thus paving the way for non-invasive studies of biomechanical forces in advanced stages of embryogenesis,tissue remodeling,and tumor invasion.

关键词： invasion otherwise hundreds

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The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Migraine Frequency and Severity in Neurology

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 301-313页

作者： Oluwatosin B. Iyun Okelue Edwards Okobi Nneka p. Sams eleni Asfaw Kebede Oboatarhe Blessing Ezie Department of public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Larkin Community Hospital PSC Miami FL USA College of Health Sciences & public policy Walden University Minneapolis MN USA College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Family Medicine University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

Objective: This systematic review examines the impact of lifestyle factors on migraine frequency and severity through a comprehensive analysis of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress, mental health, and environmental influences. Methods: We thoroughly searched Google Scholar, pUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to migraines and lifestyle factors. Keywords incorporated the Boolean operator “and” to narrow search results. Following the pRISMA guidelines, we identified, screened, and evaluated studies for inclusion, resulting in nine studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 4917 records were initially identified from Scopus (2786), pubMed (854), and Web of Science (1277). Following deduplication, 3657 records underwent title screening, with 382 additionally screened by abstract. Ultimately, 88 full-text articles were assessed, resulting in 9 studies meeting eligibility for qualitative synthesis: 7 prospective and 2 retrospective studies. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of lifestyle factors in migraine pathophysiology and management. Dietary habits, such as high-calorie, high-fat, and gluten-containing diets were linked to migraine triggers. Moderate physical activity showed beneficial effects on migraine management, while intense exercise could exacerbate symptoms. poor sleep hygiene and insomnia were strongly associated with increased migraine frequency and severity. Chronic stress and poor mental health significantly contributed to migraine exacerbation, with stress management techniques proving beneficial. Environmental factors, including light, sound, weather changes, and allergens, were also identified as significant migraine triggers. Conclusions: personalized lifestyle modifications, tailored to individual patient profiles, are crucial in managing migraines. Evidence-based recommendations include balanced diets, moderate physical activity, improved sleep hygien

关键词： Migraine Lifestyle Factors Diet physical Activity Sleep patterns Stress Mental Health Environmental Factors Neurology

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prevalence of selective immunoglobulin A deficiency in Greek children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of pediatrics 2016年第4期12卷 470-476页

作者： Styliani Giza eleni kotanidou Efimia papadopoulou-Alataki Maria Christina Antoniou Ioanna Maggana Ioannis Kyrgios Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou 4th Department of pediatrics Faculty of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiPapageorgiou General HospitalThessalonikiGreece

Background:The association of selective immunoglobulin A(IgA)deficiency with type 1 diabetes(T1D)remains *** study was to evaluate serum IgA concentrations in Greek children and adolescents with ***:In two hundred individuals with T1D,serum IgA concentrations were quantitatively determined using ***:Immunoglobulin A deficiency was detected in 6(3.0%)of 200 patients who were subjected to immunological *** infections were not recorded,but human papilloma virus infection was clinically suspected and confirmed by laboratory examination in a 5-year-old *** regard to coincidence of selective IgA deficiency with autoimmune diseases,celiac disease was detected in a girl and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a *** IgA concentrations differed significantly when patients were grouped according to age at the beginning of the study(pp=0.015)and coincidence of celiac disease(CD)(p=0.038).However,when the age of the patients was adjusted,difference in serum IgA concentrations was not statistically significant despite CD was present or ***,serum IgA concentrations were positively correlated with serum IgG(pp=0.001)concentrations and negatively correlated with serum antigliadin antibody IgG(p=0.035)*** was no association or correlation of serum IgA concentrations with glycemic ***:The prevalence of selective IgA deficiency in Greek children and adolescents with T1D is high(3.0%).The correlation of serum IgA concentrations with serum IgG,IgE and anti-gliadin antibody IgG concentrations needs further investigation.

关键词： adolescents children immunoglobulin A deficiency type 1 diabetes

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pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury: Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期15卷 882-890页

作者： Marco Fiore Luigi Aurelio Nasto eleni McCaffery Fannia Barletta Angela Visconti Francesca Gargano Enrico pola Maria Caterina pace Department of Women Child and General and Specialized SurgeryUniversity of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Department of Orthopaedics University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Department of Emergency Medicine New York Presbyterian-Brooklyn Methodist HospitalNew YorkNY 11215United States Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care “San Carlo”HospitalPotenza 85100Italy Department of Anaesthesia “San Giuliano”HospitalGiugliano 80014Italy Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care The Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-MedicoRome 00128Italy

BACKGROUND The use of opioids for pain is linked to an increased risk of developing opioid use disorder,and has resulted in the emergence of the opioid crisis over the last few *** The systematic review question is“How does the use of opioid medications in pain management,compared with non-opioid medications,affect pain intensity over the short,intermediate,and long-term in adults with acute traumatic pain?”.METHODS The protocol was prospectively registered on the International prospective Re-gister of Systematic Reviews:*** and Google Scholar were electronically searched for controlled peer-reviewed studies published in full,with the pICO framework:p:Adult patients with traumatic injuries,I:Opioid medications,C:Non-opioid medi-cations,O:A minimum clinically important difference(MCID)in *** After full-text screening,we included 14 studies in the qualitative *** these 14 studies,12 were rando-mized clinical trials(RCTs)and 2 were pseudo-RCTs with a total of 2347 patients *** was heteroge-neity in both medication utilized and outcome in these studies;only two studies were homogeneous regarding the type of study conducted,the opioid used,its comparator,and the outcome *** MCID was evaluated in 8 studies,while in 6 studies,any measured pain reduction was considered as an *** 11 cases,the setting of care was the Emergency Department;in 2 cases,care occurred out-of-hospital;and in one case,the setting was not *** included studies were found to have a low-moderate risk of *** Non-opioids can be considered an alternative to opioids for short-term pain management of acute musculoskeletal *** ketamine may cause more adverse events than other routes of administration.

关键词： Acute musculoskeletal injury Acute traumatic pain Non-opioid analgesia Non-opioid pain control Opioid-sparing analgesia Opioid crisis Opioid disorder Systematic review

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Results of selective decontamination with oral neomycin and metronidazole for major colorectal surgery in Australia:A cohort study

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 72-78页

作者： James Wei Tatt Toh Devansh Shah Henry Wang Charlotte Kwik Joseph Do Woong Choi Chelsie Leonie Beinke paul Morris eleni Baird-Gunning Geoffrey peter Collins Fiona Gavegan Karen Shedden Toufic El-Khoury Nimalan pathma-Nathan Kerry Hitos Department of Colorectal Surgery Westmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia The University of Sydney Westmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia Western Sydney University New South WalesAustralia University of Notre Dame New South WalesAustralia Westmead Research Centre for Evaluation of Surgical Outcomes Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia

Objective The role of selective decontamination with oral antibiotics(OABs)and mechanical bowel preparation(MBp)prior to elective colorectal surgery is still widely *** objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of selective decontamination with neomycin,metronidazole and MBp compared to those of decontamination with MBp alone or with no *** Selective decontamination with neomycin and metronidazole combined with bowel preparation was introduced prior to elective colorectal surgery as part of an enhanced recovery after surgery program at Westmead Hospital,a major Australian tertiary referral hospital,between June 2017 and January *** between short-term outcomes of OAB+MBp and MBp/no preparation were made using prospectively collected data on length of stay(LOS),readmission,mortality within 30 days,anastomotic leakage(AL),surgical site infection(SSI),urinary tract infection,deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism,pneumonia,and ***-up was limited to hospital stays and subsequent presentations within the health district within thirty days of *** Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse continuous data,and the chi-square test was used for categorical *** and multivariate regression modelling was performed to identify risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of SSI and *** patients with oral neomycin and metronidazole combined with bowel preparation had reduced superficial SSI(2.7%vs.7.6%,p=0.043)and overall complications(32.7%vs.44.6%,p=0.020),particularly Clavien-Dindo 1 complications(7.3%vs.16.5%,p=0.009).However,the differences in AL(2.7%vs.4.5%,p=0.369)and organ/space SSI(1.3%vs.3.7%,p=0.327)were not statistically *** median LOS(6 d vs.6 d,p=0.370)was not different between the *** Selective decontamination with neomycin and metronidazole reduces the risk of SSIs and overall *** was a trend to toward a lower AL,but this differ

关键词： Neomycin Metronidazole Colorectal surgery Anastomotic leakage Surgical site infection

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COVID-19 in pregnancy:perinatal outcomes and complications

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 62-73页

作者： Karolina Akinosoglou Georgios Schinas Evangelia papageorgiou Theodoros Karampitsakos VasilikiDimakopoulou eleni polyzou Argyrios Tzouvelekis Markos Marangos Despoina papageorgiou Nikolaos Spernovasilis George Adonakis Department of Medicine University of PatrasPatras 26504Greece Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University General Hospital of PatrasPatras 26504Greece Department of pneumonology University General Hospital of PatrasPatras 26504Greece Department of Infectious Diseases German Oncology CenterLimassol 4108LimassolCyprus

BACKGROUND The risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in pregnant women is *** To examine the outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and report perinatal outcomes and complications,while providing a brief review of current *** The study included pregnant women presenting from April 2020 to February 2022 to the emergency department(ED)of a tertiary *** retrospectively recorded the maternal and perinatal files,including patient epidemiological and clinical characteristics,laboratory values,outcomes,treatment modalities and associations were *** Among the 60 pregnant women,25%required hospitalization,all of whom were *** delivery occurred in 30%of *** percent of neonates required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit,and 5%were classified as small for their gestational *** mothers survived COVID-19 and pregnancy,with 6.6%requiring invasive mechanical *** delivery rates did not differ between hospitalized and non-hospitalized pregnant women;composite unfavorable perinatal outcomes,including stillbirth,small for gestational age,or neonatal intensive care unit(ICU)admission,did not significantly increase in the cases hospitalized for COVID-19(p=0.09).The odds of hospitalization increased 2.3-fold for each day of delayed ED presentation[***(95%CI:1.46-3.624),ppendent predictor of hospitalization,albeit with marginal significance[***=16.13(95%CI:1.021-255.146),p=0.048].No independent predictors of adverse fetal outcome(composite)were identified,and eventual hospitalization failed to reach statistical significance by a slight margin(p=0.054).CONCLUSION Delayed ED presentation and comorbidities increase hospitalization *** study highlights the importance of continuous and specific guidance for managing pregnant COVID-19 patients,including timely and appropriate interventions to minimize maternal and perinatal morbidity an

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 pregnancy Maternal outcomes preterm delivery

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Development of a Soft Actor Critic deep reinforcement learning approach for harnessing energy flexibility in a Large Office building

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第3期5卷 228-241页

作者： Anjukan Kathirgamanathan eleni Mangina Donal p.Finn School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College DublinIreland UCD Energy Institute O’Brien Centre for ScienceUniversity College DublinIreland School of Computer Science University College DublinIreland

This research is concerned with the novel application and investigation of‘Soft Actor Critic’based deep reinforcement learning to control the cooling setpoint(and hence cooling loads)of a large commercial building to harness energy *** research is motivated by the challenge associated with the development and application of conventional model-based control approaches at scale to the wider building *** Actor Critic is a model-free deep reinforcement learning technique that is able to handle continuous action spaces and which has seen limited application to real-life or high-fidelity simulation implementations in the context of automated and intelligent control of building energy *** control techniques are seen as one possible solution to supporting the operation of a smart,sustainable and future electrical *** research tests the suitability of the technique through training and deployment of the agent on an Energyplus based environment of the office *** agent was found to learn an optimal control policy that was able to minimise energy costs by 9.7%compared to the default rule-based control scheme and was able to improve or maintain thermal comfort limits over a test period of one *** algorithm was shown to be robust to the different hyperparameters and this optimal control policy was learnt through the use of a minimal state space consisting of readily available *** robustness of the algorithm was tested through investigation of the speed of learning and ability to deploy to different seasons and *** was found that the agent requires minimal training sample points and outperforms the baseline after three months of operation and also without disruption to thermal comfort during this *** agent is transferable to other climates and seasons although further retraining or hyperparameter tuning is recommended.

关键词： Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL) Building energy flexibility Soft Actor Critic(SAC) Machine learning Smart grid

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proteomic-based evidence for adult neurogenesis in birds and mammals as indicated from cerebrospinal fluid

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2576-2581页

作者： eleni Voukali Michal Vinkler Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

Adult neurogenesis is the life-long process of neural stem cell proliferation,differentiation into neurons,migration,and incorporation into the existing neuronal *** decades of research,it is now widely accepted that mammals and birds retain the capacity to regenerate neurons even after their subadult *** fluid participates in the regulation of the neurogenic niches of the vertebrate brain through signaling pathways not fully *** studies of cerebrospinal fluid have the potential to allow the in-depth characterization of its molecular *** studies help to delineate those pathways that are universally critical for the regulation of neurogenesis in *** this review,we performed literature-based data mining in studies using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy that analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples from healthy adult humans(Homo sapiens);mice(Mus musculus);sheep(Ovis aries);chickens(Gallus gallus);and two parrot species,the budgerigar(Melopsittacus undulatus)and cockatiel(Nymphicus hollandicus).We identified up to 911 proteins represented in cerebrospinal fluid,involved in various pathways regulating adult ***,only 196 proteins were common across humans,mice,and *** components involved in nervous system development,cell migration,and axonal guidance were commonly evident in all species investigated so *** bioinformatic analysis revealed that the universally over-represented pathways involved L1 cell adhesion molecule protein interactions,cell-adhesion molecules,signals regulating extracellular matrix remodeling,regulation of insulin growth factor signaling,axonal guidance,programmed cell death,immune signaling,and post-translational *** of the reported proteins are part of extracellular vesicles enriched in cerebrospinal ***,the information presently available is still highly fragmentary,and far more questions persist than

关键词： adult neurogenesis birds cerebrospinal fluid chicken comparative proteomics human mammals mass spectrometry parrots

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