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接受替罗非班和阿斯匹林治疗的非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者应用依诺肝素或普通肝素的疗效及安全性：随机对照试验

美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2005年第4期24卷 204-208页

作者： Michael A．Blazing James A. de Lemos Harvey D. White Keith A. A. f.x f.eek W. A. Verheugt Diego Ardissino Peter M. DiBattiste Joarme Palmisano David W. Bilheimer Steven M. Snapinn Karen E. Ramsey Laura H. Gardner Vic Hasselblad Marc A. Pf.f.er eldrin f. lewis Eugene Braunwald Robert M. Calif. 王淑敏（译）胡大一（校） Duke clinical Research Institute Durham NC Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Department of.Cardiology Green Lane Hospital Auckland New Zealand Department of.Cardiology Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland Department of.Interventional Cardiology University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands Division of.Cardiology Ospedale Maggiore Parma Italy Merck＆Company Whitehouse Station NJ Department of.Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women＇s Hospital Boston Mass 不详

背景：对于非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndromes，ACS）患者而言，与单独应用普通肝素相比，依诺肝素或者血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班与普通肝素联合应用都显示出较好的疗效。目前，尚不清楚依诺肝素和替... 详细信息

背景：对于非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndromes，ACS）患者而言，与单独应用普通肝素相比，依诺肝素或者血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班与普通肝素联合应用都显示出较好的疗效。目前，尚不清楚依诺肝素和替罗非班联合应用是否像普通肝素和替罗非班标准联合方案一样安全有效。目的：在非ST段抬高的ACS患者中评价依诺肝素和替罗非班联合疗法与普通肝素和替罗非班联合方案的疗效及安全性。设计、地点及参试者：国际前瞻性、开标（open—label）、随机、非劣势（noninf.riority）试验。在接受替罗非班和阿斯匹林治疗的非ST段抬高ACS患者中分别给予依诺肝素1mg／kg（n=2026）每12小时一次或经体重校正的静脉普通肝素（n=1961），然后进行比较。这项A to Z试验的A阶段试验是于1999年12月至2002年5月进行的。主要观察指标：意向治疗人群7天时死亡、再发心肌梗死和难治性缺血的发生情况，该意向治疗人群是根据优效性和非劣势原则确定的。应用“心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验”（Thrombolysis in Myocardial Inf.rction，TIMI）中之出血分级系统，通过监测出血发生率判定用药安全性。结果：在治疗第7天时，随机分配至依诺肝素组的2018例患者中有169例（8．4％）发生死亡、心肌梗死或者难治性缺血，而普通肝素组的1952例患者中有184例（9．4％）发生上述事件（风险比[hazard ratio，HR]为0．88，95％可信区间[conf.dence interval，CI]为0．71～1．08）。该结果符合预先设定的非劣势标准。除死亡外，所有一级和二级复合终点事件分析结果均提示，依诺肝素更为有益。死亡仅见于1％的患者（依诺肝素组23例，普通肝素组17例）。任何TIMI分级的出血发生率都很低（依诺肝素组为3．0％，普通肝素组为2．2％；P=0．13）。最差情况分析（合并了两种独立的出血判定策略）表明，采用依诺肝素每治疗200例患者就会发生一次TIMI严重出血。结论：对于接受替罗非班和阿斯匹林治疗的非ST段抬高ACS患者而言，依诺肝素是除普通普通肝素之外的另一种适当选择。依诺肝素可使一级终点相对减少12％，绝对减少1％，符合非劣势标准。该结果与以往未联用糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂的试验一致。

关键词：非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征随机对照试验用药安全性依诺肝素普通肝素替罗非班治疗人群阿斯匹林血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂

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STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY Of.ACTIVATED Os_6 RAf.-LIKE CLUSTERS

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Science China Chemistry 1990年第4期33卷 385-392页

作者：刘家础 B.f.G.JOHNSON J.lewis f.jian Institute of.Research on the Structure of.Matter Academia Sinica Fuzhou 350002PRC University Chemical Laboratory Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW U K

In this paper we report the synthesis and activation of.OS-6 raf.-llke planar clusters. The activated OS-66 raf.-like clusters [OS-66(CO)_(20)(MeCN)] and [OS-66(CO)_(19) (MeCN)_2] have been prepared by involving PdCl_2 as catalyst. Trimethylamine oxide (Me_3NO) has been used as an activation reagent to oxidize several carbonyl ligands coordinated in the activated clusters and to get a series of.activated OS-66 raf.-like clusters [OS-66(CO)_(21-x)(MeCN)_x] (n = 1--5) and corresponding substituted clusters [OS-66(CO)_(21-x)(P(OMe)_3)_x] (n=1--5). The structures of.these OS-66 raf.-like clusters have been characterized by the inf.ared spectra (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) and mass spectra (MS), and the characters of.the raf.-like planar structure and reactivity above have also been discussed in this paper.

关键词： Os raf.-like clusters coupling reaction aetivation.

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Is It Possible to Publish a Calibration f.nction f.r Radiochromic f.lm?

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International Journal of.Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2014年第1期3卷 25-30页

作者： Maria f. Chan David lewis Xiang Yu Advanced Materials Group Ashland Inc. Bridgewater USA Department of.Medical Physics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Can-cer Center Basking Ridge USA

Purpose: To assess the possibility of.using a public calibration f.nction f.r radiochromic f.lm dosimetry in dose QA of.highly conf.rmal treatment plans. Methods: EBT3 f.lm calibration strips (3.5 × 20 cm2 f.om lots A101212 and A011713) were exposed on a Varian Trilogy at a f.cility to a 10 × 10 cm2 open f.eld at doses of.80, 160, 320 cGy using 6MV photons. Together with a strip of.unexposed f.lm f.om the same lot, the exposed f.lms were digitized in a single scan using dif.erent Epson 10,000 XL scanners at two dif.erent f.cilities. The dose-response data f.r each color-channel f.om each f.cility were generated using the same calibration f.nction X(D) = a + b/(D - c), where X(D) is the response at dose D and a, b and c are the coef.icients. Dif.erent batches of.EBT3 f.lm were exposed to a VMAT beam. These f.lms, plus two ref.rence strips exposed to doses of.zero and 160 cGy, were digitized on the scanners at the two f.cilities. Using the multi-channel dosimetry method and One-scan protocol (Med Phys, 39: 6339-6349, 2012) the recorded doses on the VMAT f.lms were calculated and the results were compared with the VMAT plan using a Gamma index of.3%/3 mm. Results: The passing rates obtained f.r dose maps calculated f.r all combinations of.VMAT images and calibration f.nctions were nearly unchanged, using the One-scan protocol. Also, in all cases a passing rate of.>99% was obtained f.r Gamma index of.3%/3 mm. On the other hand, if.the One-scan protocol was not employed, the dose maps f.r VMAT images and calibration f.nctions f.om dif.erent scanners showed poor correlation with the treatment plan. This is probably due to the scan-to-scan variability. Conclusions: The authors have f.und that it is f.asible to use a public calibration f.nction f.r a given radiochromic f.lm lot using the same methodology, One-scan protocol, f.r patient-specif.c QA.

关键词： Dosimetry Quality Assurance IMRT Radiochromic f.lm Multichannel

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Epidemiology of.Sexual dysf.nction in Asia compared to the rest of.the world

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Asian Journal of.Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 152-158页

作者： Ronald W lewis Section of.Urology Medical College of Georgia Augusta GA 30912 USA

There have been a limited number of.epidemiological studies published on sexual disorders in persons f.om Asia. This paper aims to assess the reports of.sexual dysf.nction epidemiological studies published in the English language that involved Asian countries. Key points are summarized in this paper f.om nine epidemiological papers on sexual dysf.nction f.om Asia that were published in the English language. Seven met the criteria f.r evidence-based studies reaching a Prins score of.at least 10 or more. Papers included in this report came f.om national and regional representative studies in peer review journals. These results f.r sexual dysf.nction in the nine papers are summarized f.r various sexual dysf.nctions in men and women in Asian countries. In three of.these, worldwide data were presented in the same paper allowing comparisons with Asian data on prevalence rates. Detailed descriptions f.om each of.these studies are presented in paragraph f.rm. More detailed data on erectile dysf.nction （ED） is presented in a tabular f.rm. Collectively, there seems to be a need f.r country- and population-specif.c f.rther descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies in all of.the sexual disorders f.om Asia. This critical review paper should help guide these studies f.r reachinj[ evidence-based literature standards.

关键词： descriptive epidemiology male and f.male dysf.nction male ED premature ejaculation

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A novel application of.f.uidization-Integrating three processes in reclaiming f.undry sand

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 595-598页

作者： Derek Geldart Jim lewis Powder Research Ltd Leeds University UK Coastal River Technologies PLLC USA

Immersion of.automotive parts in a f.uidized bed of.f.undry sand is used to both strip the castings f.ee f.om moulding sand and to heat-treat the castings at 500℃. The f.uid bed is heated by hot gases f.om a burner directed f.rst into a serpentine heat exchanger located near one side-wall of.the rectangular tank, and then into a distributor consisting of.horizontal sparger pipes having maintenance standpipes f.xed into their upper surf.ces.

关键词： Removal of.moulding sand Castings f.uidized beds Heat transf.r f.undries

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Expanding role of.capsule endoscopy in inf.ammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2008年第26期14卷 4137-4141页

作者： Blair S lewis Division of.Gastroenterology Mount Sinai School of Medicine1067 Fifth AveNew York 10128-0101United States

Capsule endoscopy has been shown to detect small bowel inf.ammatory changes better than any other imaging modality. Selection criteria have been optimized to increase the yield of.capsule endoscopy in patients suspected to have Crohn's disease. Capsule endoscopy allows f.r earlier diagnosis of.Crohn's disease of.the small bowel and improved diagnosis of.colitis in patients where it is unclear if.they suf.er f.om Crohn's or ulcerative colitis. A test capsule is available to assess f.r small bowel strictures and thus avoid capsule retention. A common language has been developed and a new scoring index will be added to capsule sof.ware. It is envisioned that the manner in which we treat Crohn's disease in the f.ture will change, based on earlier diagnosis and treatment aimed at mucosal healing rather than symptom improvement.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Crohn's disease Capsule scoring index

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MIXED INTERIOR PENALTY DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS f.R ONE-DIMENSIONAL f.LLY NONLINEAR SECOND ORDER ELLIPTIC AND PARABOLIC EQUATIONS

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Journal of.Computational Mathematics 2014年第2期32卷 107-135页

作者： Xiaobing f.ng Thomas lewis Department of.Mathematics The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A. Department of.Mathematics and Statistics The University of North Carolina at Greensboro NC 27402 U.S.A.

This paper is concerned with developing accurate and ef.icient numerical methods f.r one-dimensional f.lly nonlinear second order elliptic and parabolic partial dif.erential equations （PDEs）. In the paper we present a general f.amework f.r constructing high order interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin （IP-DG） methods f.r approximating viscosity solutions of.these f.lly nonlinear PDEs. In order to capture discontinuities of.the second order derivative uxx of.the solution u, three independent f.nctions p1,p2 and p3 are introduced to represent numerical derivatives using various one-sided limits. The proposed DG f.ame- work, which is based on a nonstandard mixed f.rmulation of.the underlying PDE, embeds a nonlinear problem into a mostly linear system of.equations where the nonlinearity has been modif.ed to include multiple values of.the second order derivative uxz. The proposed f.amework extends a companion f.nite dif.erence f.amework developed by the authors in [9] and allows f.r the approximation of.f.lly nonlinear PDEs using high order polynomials and non-unif.rm meshes. In addition to the nonstandard mixed f.rmulation setting, another main idea is to replace the f.lly nonlinear dif.erential operator by a numerical operator which is consistent with the dif.erential operator and satisf.es certain monotonicity （called g-monotonicity） properties. To ensure such a g-monotonicity, the crux of.the construction is to introduce the numerical moment, which plays a critical role in the proposed DG f.ame- work. The g-monotonicity gives the DG methods the ability to select the mathematically ＂correct＂ solution （i.e., the viscosity solution） among all possible solutions. Moreover, the g-monotonicity allows f.r the possible development of.more ef.icient nonlinear solvers as the special nonlinearity of.the algebraic systems can be explored to decouple the equations. This paper also presents and analyzes numerical results f.r several numerical test problems which are used to guage

关键词： f.lly nonlinear PDEs Viscosity solutions Discontinuous Galerkin methods.

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Inf.uence of.chemical reaction on heat and mass transf.r of.non-Newtonian f.uid with yield stress by f.ee convection f.om vertical surf.ce in porous medium considering Soret ef.ect

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2010年第6期31卷 675-684页

作者： f. S. IBRAHIM f. M. HADY S. M. ABDEL-GAIED M. R. EID Department of.Mathematics Faculty of Science Assiut University Department of.Science and Mathematics Faculty of Education Assiut University

The ef.ect of.chemical reaction on f.ee convection heat and mass transf.r f.r a non-Newtonian power law f.uid over a vertical f.at plate embedded in a f.uid-saturated porous medium has been studied in the presence of.the yield stress and the Soret ef.ect. The governing boundary layer equations and boundary conditions are cast into a dimen- sionless f.rm by similarity transf.rmations, and the resulting system of.equations is solved by a f.nite dif.erence method. The results are preSented and discussed f.r concentration prof.les, as well as the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number f.r various values of.the parameters, which govern the problem. The results obtained show that the f.ow f.eld is inf.uenced appreciably by the presence of.the chemical reaction parameter γ the order *** chemical reaction parameter m, the Soret number St, the buoyancy ratio N, the lewis number Le, and the dimensionless rheological parameter Ω.

关键词： non-Newtonian f.uid f.ee convection chemical reaction yield stress Soret ef.ect

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Erythroid Lineage Cells in the Liver:Novel Immune Regulators and Beyond

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Journal of.Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第2期8卷 177-183页

作者： Li Yang Kyle lewis Division of.Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of.Gastroenterology Hepatology&Nutrition Developmental Biology Center for Stem Cell and Organoid MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

The lineage of.the erythroid cell has been revisited in recent years. Instead of.being classif.ed as simply inert oxygen carriers, emerging evidence has shown that they are a tightly regulated in immune potent population with potential devel-opmental plasticity f.r lineage crossing. Erythroid cells have been reported to exert immune regulatory f.nction through secreted cytokines, or cell-cell contact, depending on the conditions of.the microenvironment and disease models. In this review, we explain the natural history of.erythroid cells in the liver through a developmental lens, as it of.ers perspec-tives into newly recognized roles of.this lineage in liver biology. Here, we review the known immune roles of.erythroid cells and discuss the mechanisms in the context of.disease models and stages. Then, we explore the capability of.erythroid lineage as a cell source f.r regenerative medicine. We propose that the versatile lineage of.erythroid cells provides an underappreciated and potentially promising area f.r basic and translational research in the f.eld of.liver disease.

关键词： Erythroblast Immune suppression Liver inf.ammation Hepatogenesis

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Could zinc dipicolinate be used to“smuggle”zinc into prostate cancer cells?

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Journal of.Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 209-213页

作者： Mark f.McCarty Simon Iloki Assanga Lidianys lewis Lujan Catalytic Longevity f.undation San DiegoCA 92109USA Department of.Research and Postgraduate in f.od University of SonoraHermosillo 83210Mexico

Although prostate epithelium concentrates zinc f.r the purpose of.promoting citrate secretion,it loses its capacity to import zinc while undergoing malignant *** exclusion of.zinc may be necessary f.r the viability of.prostate cancer,as measures which increase the intracellular zinc content of.prostate cancers lead to cell death,oxidative stress,and a marked reduction in ATP,suggestive of.mitochondrial *** anti-f.ngal drug clioquinol,which can act as a zinc ionophore,can markedly slow the growth of.human prostate cancer in nude mice,and has been proposed as a clinical therapy f.r prostate ***,clioquinol is currently only available as a topical agent,as it was linked to subacute myelo-optic neuropathy with oral use.A more practical option f.r promoting zinc transport may be of.ered by the nutraceutical zinc dipicolinate,a stable chelate in which f.ur coordination positions of.zinc are occupied by two molecules of.the tryptophan metabolite picolinic *** dipicolinate is a highly ef.ective supplemental source of.zinc that has been shown to be more potent than soluble zinc salts f.r alleviating the symptoms of.acrodermatitis enteropathica,a genetic zinc def.ciency disorder ref.ecting homozygous loss of.f.nctional ZIP4 zinc importers in *** suggests that the zinc dipicolinate complex is suf.iciently stable and lipophilic to transf.r zinc across cellular *** so,it may have potential f.r“smuggling”zinc into prostate cancer ***,cell culture and rodent studies to evaluate the impact of.zinc dipicolinate on human prostate cancer are warranted.

关键词： Prostate cancer zinc clioquinol picolinic acid ZIP4

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