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Improving the Stability of the Inflatable Soil of Diamniadio by Using Typha Australis in Order to Value It in Partitioning Wall

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2020年第4期8卷 273-284页

作者： Ahmadou Diop Macodou Thiam mamadou Babacar ndiaye Oumar Diallo Harouna mamadou Bal Salif Gaye Laboratory of Materials and Energetics (LME) University Institute of Technology (IUT) Thiès Senegal

The construction industry in Senegal is experiencing an upsurge in the development of residential housing units and administrative buildings within the new Diamniadio municipality, an area located just about 35 km from the capital city of Dakar. Laboratory oedometer or expansive-index tests, however, show poor density and compromised shear strength in the soil samples within the area -posing serious construction problems due to significant volume changes (swellings) that occur when subjected to moisture, thus, bringing into question the structural performance integrity of the soil, and the financial implications of substitute soil types used to compensate for its poor tensile strength. By way, the companies collect the soil of this location (Diamniadio) and throw it to make pile or micro-pile (pious) for their structures. This article demonstrates how we can value the soil of Diamniadio and the Typha Australis in residential building with a reasonable cost. Typha Australis is a plant generally luxuriant within the northern and central belts of Senegal but also known for its negative ecological impacts on the agricultural production of rice. The valorisation of the soil of Diamniadio will pass by the ability to increase its stability or to decrease its shrinkage/swelling rate. When we achieve it, the soil associate with Typha Australis will be used for small bricks which can be useful for partition wall and so the soil will not be ever thrown as a non-useful material. Tests results of soil specimens extracted from the site show a shrinkage rate of 29.19% with estimated cracking depths of 3.5 cm. But by adding gradually Typha Australis, the shrinkage rate will pass from 29.19% to 5.13% with the material treats with 10% by mass of Typha Australis. Moreover, the crackings in the cylindrical specimen disappear. That shows the increase of the stability;thus the composition will be used for building bricks. However, the densities will also be affected by the presence of Ty

关键词： Buildings Clay Cracking Fine Particle Shrinkage Rate Stabilization Typha Australis Valorisation

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Quantitative Study on Individual Representations in Senegalese Patients Living with HIV (PLHIV)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第1期12卷 23-36页

作者： Racky Wade-Kane Momar Camara el hadji Makhtar Ba Idrissa Ba Sokhna Seck Abou Sy Ibrahima ndiaye Oumar mamadou Samba Ndéye Dialé ndiaye Ndongo Papa Lamine Faye Aida Sylla mamadou Habib Thiam Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal Center for the Integrated Support of Addictions in Dakar (CEPIAD) National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal

Context: HIV infection is an infectious, viral, chronic disease described as a public health problem. It has an impact on bio-psycho-social well-being. Thus, the objective of our study is to decrypt the representations of HIV infection in our patients. Methodology: 31 consecutively recruited HIV-infected patients participated in our study. The completed questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, association membership, psycho-social aspects of HIV infection, mode of transmission and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Secondly, we proceeded to an assessment of the psychological state of the patient. Results: Almost 77% of HIV patients do not date peers in an association. At the time of the study, more than half of patients or 19/31 with HIV had a positive image of the disease. Before the diagnosis of the disease, more than 2/3 of patients with HIV, i.e. 25/31, have a negative image of the disease. The 31 PLHIV have been aware of their positive HIV status for an average of 11 years with extremes of 2 years and 21 years. Almost 21/31 of PLHIV have shared their positive serological status. The main barrier in patient communication was the risk of disclosure of HIV status. Most of the patients (45.2%) thought of death when they announced their positive HIV status, and 19.4% thought of their children. In 80.6% of cases, relationships with family, friends and neighbors were normal and remained unchanged for 74% of patients. The patients thought they had been infected through sexual intercourse in 84% of cases. Our study showed that 6 of the 31 PLHIV experienced stigma. Among these 6 patients, 3 had psychological repercussions and a voluntary interruption of treatment. Conclusion: The representations are dynamic. In Senegal, the eradication of discrimination among people living with HIV must imperatively involve a reconstruction of individual, collective and social representation

关键词： HIV Representations Stigma Senegal

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Metallurgical Analysis of Brake Blocks

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Open Journal of Metal 2017年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Mathioro Fall Fadel Niang Olivier Hubert mamadou Babacar ndiaye UFR des Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Ecole Doctorale Développement Durable et Société-Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal LMT-Cachan (ENS-Cachan/UMR/Université Paris Saclay) Cachan France Institut Universitaire et Technologie Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal

This study focuses on the characterization of train brake blocks. The brake blocks are an essential organ of train speed control system to ensure comfort and safety to passengers and crew. However, poor quality soles can cause a premature wear of the wheels whose consequences are on the one hand, a damaged brake function, and also high repair costs. Samples were carried out on 3 different batches of brake blocks. Their metallurgical characterization consisted of a study of the hardness and microstructural analysis (microstructures and chemical analyzes) of the different samples. The results show that the hardness of some soles is greater than that of the wheel, mainly associated with a cementite microstructure. This can lead to a premature wear of the wheels at the expense of brake blocks.

关键词： Brakes Blocks Wheel Microstructure Hardness Wear

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Contribution of electric Tomography, Chemical and Isotopic Tools to the Understanding of the Resilience and Salinization of Wetlands along the Northern Coast of the Cape-Verde Peninsula: The Case of the Retba Lake

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第9期7卷 36-57页

作者： Mansour Gueye Abdoul Aziz Gning Mapathé ndiaye Fatou Diop Ngom Raymond Malou el hadj Sow Raphael Sarr Département de Géologie Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSénégal UFR Sciences de l’Ingénierie Université de ThièsThièsSénégal

On the northern coast of the Cape Verde peninsula, Lake Retba is one of the few depressions that have preserved its water body due to the drought that plagued the Sahel in the 1960s. The aim of this article is to understand the resilience of the lake to the drought. For this purpose, a deep knowledge of interactions between the different components of the hydro-system, namely: lake, dune tablecloth, ponds and ocean is necessary. The use of electrical resistivity tomography (ETR) and chemical and isotopic tools yielded conclusive results. electrical tomography of resistivity (ETR) shows throughout the coastal dune a superposition between fresh and salt water, with even a predominance of salt water at the level of the old canal. The chemistry of the major ions and isotopes confirms this contact between the saltwater bison of the sea and the lake by showing a superposition of the fresh/brackish waters on the salty waters of the bevel, which, in turn, are found in the very salty waters influenced by the lake. This translates a feeding of the lake by the sea through the bevel. At the canal level, this feeding is done, on the surface, by means of ponds whose water characteristics show that they constitute an outcrop of the bevel. The freshwater body of the coastal dune that floats on salt water in the form of a lens also flows into the lake. The feeding of the lake, by the sea through the bevel and the ponds, and by the water table, is therefore effective and attested by all the methods used in this work. It allowed the resilience of the lake against the drought. This inflow of seawater into the lake is at the origin of its salinization and therefore of the salt that settles on the bottom. This study shows that the survival of the lake also depends on safeguarding the ponds located in the north of the lake.

关键词： Tomography Isotope Lake Ponds Aquifer Hydro System Salinization Resilience

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Analysis of the Behavior of Local Cooking Utensils in Tap Water, Salt Tap Water and Vegetable Oil According to the Temperature

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Open Journal of Metal 2013年第4期3卷 80-85页

作者： mamadou Babacar ndiaye Sandrine Bec Bernard Coquillet Ibrahima Khalil Cissé Laboratory of Materials Mechanical and Hydraulic Polytechnic School of Thies Thies Senegal Laboratory of Tribology and Dynamics of Systems CNRS UMR 5513 Lyon France University Institute of Technology IUT/UT University of Thies Thies Senegal

In Senegal the aluminum scrap are mainly recycled kitchen utensils [1]. The craftsmanship poses the problem of the quality of finished products [1] especially when we know they are used for everyday cooking. Given that none of these alloys should not be used to make cooking utensils if we refer to the EN 601 standard in July 2004, which refers to this regard [1], this study aims at analyzing behavior of these alloys reconstructed in three settings (tap water, vegetable oil and salt water more than 3 grams per liter), chosen for their importance in Senegalese cuisine. Significant loss of mate- rial was observed mainly by intergranular corrosion. It would be interesting that additional studies be conducted to ex- amine the impact of the daily use of these alloys on the health of Senegalese.

关键词： Aluminum Alloys Recycling Cooking Utensils Chemical Analysis Salt Water Vegetable Oil

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Extranodal Locatio of Lymphoma: Presentation and Evolutionary in Senegalese Patients

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Seynabou Fall Mariéme Lolita Camara-Tall el hadj Daouda Niang Khadim Sarr Awa ndiaye Modou Moustapha Ciss Aminata Dakono Amy Thiam Fatou Samba Diago ndiaye Clinical Hematology Department of Dalal Jamm Hospital Guediawaye Guediawaye Senegal

Introduction: The frequency of extranodal involvement in lymphoma is not rare, but variously described by authors in Africa. The objective of our work is to describe the profile of patients followed for lymphoma with extranodal locations. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective and analytic study at the clinical hematology department of Dalal Jamm Hospital, from September 2016 to June 2022. We included patients with a diagnosis of lymphoma immunohistochemistry, with extranodal involvement. The epidemiological, diagnostic, prognostic and survival aspects were studied. Results: Fifty-two (52) patients with extranodal localizations of their lymphoma were included. The mean age was 44.2 ± 17.6 years and the sex ratio was 1.2. The average time to diagnostic was 9.4 ± 3.6 months. We found a performance status ≥ 2 in 65.4% and at least one B symptom in 71.2% of cases. The extranodal manifestations were digestive (19%), cutaneous (17.5%), pleuropulmonary (17.5%), bone marrow (4.8%), thyroid (1.6%), parotid gland (1.6%) and breast (1.6%). Patients presented with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) in 19.2% of cases and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in 80.8% of cases. At the end of the extension checkup reviews, 61.5% were at an advanced stage and prognostic indices were unfavorable in 32% of patients. Conventional chemotherapy was conducted in 63.5% of patients of which 24 had NHL and 9 had HL. Immuno-chemoterapy was used in 26.9% of patients (13 cases of NHL, 1 case of HL). During the follow-up, we noted only 29.7% of complete remission. The median overall survival was 25.1 months [23.5 - 34.1 months] in HL group and 20.5 months [18.7 - 72.2 months] in NHL patients (p = 0.14). Conclusion: Our study shows that extranodal involvements of lymphomas are various, encountered more during NHL. In our practice, diagnosis is generally made at an advanced stage, with poor response to treatment.

关键词： Lymphoma Extranodal Involvement Advanced Stage Senegal

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Thermochemical Characterization of Casamance Biomass Residues for Production of Combustibles Briquettes

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2019年第3期9卷 170-181页

作者： mamadou S. Ba Lat G. ndiaye Issakha Youm Laboratoire de Chimie et de Physique des Matériaux Université Assane Seck Ziguinchor Sénégal Centre d’études et de recherches sur les énergies renouvelables de Dakar Hann Bel-Air Dakar Sénégal

The development of alternatives energies illustrates the common interest of all countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. Thermochemical treatment of municipal solid waste, agricultural and forestry wastes is a major challenge for this XXIst century to replace petroleum fuels. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) makes it possible to elucidate the thermal behavior of Casamance (Senegal) biomass residues, mass losses and decomposition rate, under inert (N2) atmosphere and oxidizing (O2) atmosphere. Carbonization and briquetting techniques of these various residues encountered in this part of Senegal country, by densification in order to produce fuel briquettes (call biochars) will be used to improve stoves for cooking. Samples used in this study are peanuts shells (PNS), cashew nut shells (CNS), palm nut shells (PLS) and millet stems (MS). elemental and approximate analyses make it possible to determine the CHNSO* composition, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ashes content of the samples used. Higher heating values (HHV) of the former residues are ranging from 28.60 MJ·kg-1, 26.51 MJ·kg-1, 29.69 MJ·kg-1 and 24.93 MJ·kg-1 respectively. The chars are obtained by slow pyrolysis with a heating rate of 5°C·min-1 from ambient temperature up to 800°C under inert atmosphere. The morphology of the samples is different for the four biomasses studied, from biomass in the form of wood fibers to a more compact biomass. The parietal composition of different samples presented was determined by Van Soest method using neutral detergents (NDS), acid detergent (ADS) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 72%);to solubilize successively extractable, hemicellulose and cellulose respectively;lignin was obtained by balance (Table 2). The samples show a high level of cellulose, this pseudo-component is very rich in carbon directly linked to the calorific value, whose values vary from 32.35%;24.20%;34.94% and 39.67% for PNS, PLS,

关键词： Co-Products Carbonization Biochar NDS ADS and TGA

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Diffuse Cervico-Facial Cellulitis: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of 297 Cases

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第5期12卷 293-300页

作者： Houra Ahmed Darel Mapali Cire ndiaye Diegane Faye Mame Fatou Ndour Ngor Ndour Moustapha ndiaye Abdourahmane Tall mamadou Bobo Diallo Ngone ndiaye Issa Cheikh ndiaye ENT and CCF Department Fann National University Hospital Dakar Senegal ENT and CCF Department Thiès University Hospital Thiès Senegal Lamine Sine DIOP ENT Department Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Cervicofacial cellulitis is a medical and surgical emergency, it is an extensive infection of the aponeurotic spaces of the face and neck. Although frequent in black Africa rather than in developed countries, they remain associated with a poor prognosis and few studies have been done on this subject. Their management must be early, probabilistic and then adapted to the bacteriological results of the pus taken. As Senegal is one of the many sub-Saharan African countries without recent data on cervicofacial cellulitis, we felt it was important to review the situation. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of cervicofacial cellulitis in the ENT department of Lamine Sine DIOP of the Fann National University Hospital of Dakar. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study conducted over 5 years from January 2017 to December 2021 in the ENT-CCF LAMINE SINE DIOP Department of the CHNU FANN in Dakar. Our data sources were hospitalization registers and medical records of patients hospitalized for cervicofacial cellulitis. Our data were analyzed using the spss 12 for windows software. Results: During this 5-year period, we collected 297 cases of cervicofacial cellulitis, i.e. 19% of the hospitalizations. The average age was 35 years with a sex ratio of 2.23. The notion of taking NSAIDs was found in 90.57% of the cases, the immunocompromised background was present in 18 patients, i.e. 6.06% of the cases. The site of the swelling was sub-mento-maxillary in 49% of the cases and anterior cervical in 5% of cases. The portal of entry was dental in 189 patients, i.e. 64% of cases, and unknown in 3%. 4 deaths were recorded, i.e. 1.35% of patients hospitalized for cervicofacial cellulitis, and 1 case of mediastinitis with polyseritis was transferred to the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, which had a favourable outcome. Conclusion: Cervicofacial cellulitis is a fairly common infection with a poor prognosis

关键词： Cellulitis Cervico-Facial Dakar

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Meaning of Rocks Basic Enclaves in the Eburnean Granitoids of Mako Area (Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, Senegal): Petrogenetic Implications

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第1期12卷 39-56页

作者： Ibrahima Gassama Moussa Dabo mamadou ndiaye Emmanuel Tama Samoura Fatou Bop Ndong Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Département de Géologie Dakar Sénégal

The Mako area, located in eastern Sénégal, constitutes a segment of Paleoproterozoic (Birimian) formations of the Kédougou-Kéniéba Inliers (KKI) in the western part of the West African craton. The basic volcanism of the Birimian formations of the KKI has long been considered to be related to a single magmatic event associated with a Mid Oceanic Ridge Basalts (MORB) setting. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate on the basis of the architectural characteristics of the granitoids dark enclaves, the occurrence of at least two distinct phases of basic Magamtism in the Birimian of the KKI. The methodology consists of a cartography, a petrographic and architectural characterization of the dark enclaves within the Mako granitoids, in order to constrain their spatial and temporal relationships with the granitic magma. The results obtained are compared with those of the bibliography. We have pinpointed two types of enclaves depending o

关键词： Paleoproterozoic Kédougou-Kéniéba Mako Granitoids Basic Enclave Birimian

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A Rare Cause of Facial Cellulitis

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第5期12卷 309-316页

作者： Aminata Mbaye Mouhamadou Diouldé Diallo mamadou Mouctar Ramata Diallo Ndiassé ndiaye Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Regional Hospital Thies Senegal Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Military Hospital of Wakam Dakar Senegal Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Régional Hospital Mamou Guinea

Facial cellulite are infections of the cellulo-adipose tissues of the human face. Head and neck cellulitis is today one of the most serious ENT emergencies, which is very life-threatening and requires immediate multidisciplinary care. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common predisposing factors. They are serious conditions because of the rapidity with which they tend to spread. They perform an extensive necrotizing condition, developing from a banal, pharyngeal or dental infection, and spreading along the aponeurotic partitions of the face and neck. The etiologies are diverse and come mainly from dental infections. Nasosinus infections can be the cause especially on immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is mainly clinical. The treatment is medico-surgical and must start as soon as the diagnosis is made to avoid complications. We report a case of an abscess of the nasal septum responsible for facial cellulitis in 45-year-old diabetic patient. Her diabetes was irregularly followed. The septal abscess spread over a few days to the tissues of the face. He was received in a picture of impaired general condition with significant facial oedema. He received rapid and appropriate medical and surgical car. He progressed well under treatment after 15 days.

关键词： Facial Cellulite Abscess Nasal Septum Diabetes

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