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Neuroinflammation as a mechanism linking hypertension with the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2342-2346页

作者： ekta Bajwa Andis Klegeris Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBCCanada

Alzheimer's disease,the most common type of dementia among older adults,currently cannot be prevented or effectively *** a very small percentage of Alzheimer's disease cases have an established genetic *** majority of Alzheimer's disease cases lack a clear causative event,but several modifiable factors have been associated with an increased risk of this *** midlife hypertension is one such risk factor,which can be effectively controlled through changes in diet,lifestyle,and antihypertensive *** molecular mechanisms linking modifia ble risk factors with the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease could enhance our understanding of this disease and lead to identification of novel targets and thera peutic approaches for effective *** cell-driven neuroinflammation is one of the key pathological features of Alzheimer's *** this review,we illustrate that neuroinflammation could also be one of the possible mechanisms linking hypertension and Alzheimer's *** studies have demonstrated that chronically elevated blood pressure leads to adverse glial activation and increased brain inflammatory *** highlight damage to cerebral microvasculature and locally activated renin-angiotensin system as the key pathogenetic mechanisms linking hypertension to neuroinflammation and the accompanying neurodegenera *** role of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βas pro-inflammatory signaling molecules providing this link is *** also summa rize the available experimental data indicating that neuroinflammatory changes and glial activation can be reversed by several diffe rent classes of antihypertensive *** studies suggest antihypertensives could be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease not only due to their a bility to control the blood pressure,but also due to their antineuroinflammatory *** of these observations in human subjects is required and recent advances in the b

关键词： Alzheimer's disease antihypertensive medicines astrocytes blood-brain barrier high blood pressure microglia neurodegenerative disorders paraventricular nucleus renin-angiotensin system

Biochemical investigations during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration in leaflet explants from nodal segments of a mature Albizia procera tree

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第3期27卷 699-705页

作者： ekta Rai Sulochna Bouddha Shamim Akhtar Ansari Genetics and Plant Propagation Division Tropical Forest Research Institute Jabalpur 482021 India Institute of Forest Productivity Lalgutwa Ranchi 835303India

The in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree differed from that of leaflet explants of seedlings of Albizia procera（Roxb.）Benth. reported previously elsewhere. The leaflet explants from an adult tree passed through an initial callus phase for30 days on MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose,2.5 l M 2,4-D followed by a subsequent adventitious shoot differentiation phase for another 30 days on half MS medium supplemented with 0.25 l M each of BA and *** regeneration rate of in vitro adventitious shoots in explants from the adult tree, i.e.1.66 shoots/callus, was lower than that from seedlings, i.e. [10 shoots/callus,which was reported elsewhere. Correspondingly, the activities of nitrate reductase and peroxidase, and endogenous phenol content remained very low during in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree possibly due to lower availability of competent stem（juvenile） cells for the process.

关键词： Adventitious shoot differentiation Nitratereductase activity Peroxidase activity Phenol Solublesugar

Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Catalytic Activity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized From Costus pictus Leaf Extract

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第10期31卷 986-994页

作者： Jayachandra Reddy Nakkala ekta Bhagat Kitlangki Suchiang Sudha Rani Sadras Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Life SciencesPondicherry University

Biological synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Costus pictus leaf extract （CPLE） and their potential in vitro antioxidant and catalytic activities were reported here. Formation of Costus pictus silver （CPAgNPs） and gold （CPAuNPs） nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and their spherical shape by scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles gave strong signals for silver and gold in energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The CPAgNPs and CPAuNPs had an average size of 46.7 and 37.2 nm, respectively, as determined by dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） analysis indicated involvement of amine and carbonyl groups in the formation of CPAgNPs and CPAuNPs. Thermal stability of synthesized nanoparticles was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry. CPAgNPs, CPAuNPs and CPLE exhibited tremendous antioxidant activity when being assessed by various in vitro assays, and their activity was comparable to standard antioxidants. CPAgNPs, CPAuNPs and CPLE also caused degradation of dyes like methylene blue and methyl red. While CPAgNPs, CPAuNPs and CPLE caused respective 85%, 42% and 30% degradation of methylene blue, they showed less activity against methyl red. These observations signify that such green methods open up new avenues in nanobiotechnology for the synthesis of nanoparticles with extensive industrial and biomedical applications.

关键词： Costus pictusNanoparticles Antioxidants Methylene blue Methyl red

Weighted-averaging-based classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements using most informative spectral lines

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第1期22卷 58-73页

作者： ekta SRIVASTAVA Hyemin JANG Sungho SHIN Janghee CHOI Sungho JEONG Euiseok HWANG School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)123 Cheomdangwagi-roBuk-guGwangju 61005Republic of Korea LGCNS LG Sciencepark El371Magokjungang 8-roGangseo-guSeoul 07795Republic of Korea Smart Manufacturing Technology Group Korea Institute of Industrial Technology89 Yangdaegiro-gilSeobuk-guCheonan-siChungcheongnam-do 31056Republic of Korea

In this study,efficient spectral line selection and wcightcd-avcraging-bascd processing schemes are proposed for the classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(UBS)*** fast on-line classification,a set of representative spectral lines arc selected ami processed relying on the information metric,instead of the time consuming full spectrum based analysis.I he most informative spectral line sets arc investigated by the joint mutual information estimation(MIR)evaluated with the Gaussian kernel density,where dominant intensity peaks associated with the concentrated components arc not necessarily most valuable for *** order to further distinguish the characteristic patterns of die LIBS measured spectrum,two-dimensional spectral images are synthesized through column-wise concatenation of the peaks along with their *** fast classification while preserv ing die effect of distinctive peak patterns,column-wise Gaussian weighted averaging is applied to die synthesized images,yielding a favorable trade off between classification performance and computational *** explore the applicability of the proposed schemes,two applications of alloy classification and skin cancer detection arc investigated with the multi-class and binary support vector machines classifiers,*** MIE measures associated with selected spectral lines in bodi applications show a strong correlation to the actual classification or detection accuracy,which enables to find out meaningful combinations of spectral *** addition,the peak patterns of the selected lines and their Gaussian weighted averaging with nciehbors of the selected peaks efficiently distineuish different classes of LIBS measured spectrum.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy mutual information weighted averaging alloy classification skin cancer detection

Increased susceptibility to Trichuris muris infection and exacerbation of colitis in Mdr1a-/-mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第7期20卷 1797-1806页

作者： ekta K Bhardwaj Kathryn J Else Michael T Rogan Geoffrey Warhurst School of Environment and Life Sciences University of SalfordSalford M68HDUnited Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences University of ManchesterManchester M139PTUnited Kingdom Infection Injury and Inflammation Research GroupSalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalford M68HDUnited Kingdom

AIM: To investigate the influence of Trichuris muris (T. muris) infection in a mouse model of genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease, Mdr1a-/-.

关键词： Helminth Colitis Inflammatory bowel disease P-glycoprotein Mdr1a

Analytical modeling of subthreshold current and subthreshold swing of Gaussiandoped strained-Si-on-insulator MOSFETs

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第8期35卷 52-59页

作者： Gopal Rawat Sanjay Kumar ekta Goel Mirgender Kumar Sarvesh Dubey S.Jit Department of Electronics Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India Faculty of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Lucknow-Deva Road India

This paper presents the analytical modeling of subthreshold current and subthreshold swing of short- channel fully-depleted （FD） strained-Si-on-insulator （SSOI） MOSFETs having vertical Gaussian-like doping pro- file in the channel. The subthreshold current and subthreshold swing have been derived using the parabolic approx- imation method. In addition to the effect of strain on silicon layer, various other device parameters such as channel length （L）, gate-oxide thickness （tox）, strained-Si channel thickness （ts_Si）, peak doping concentration （Np）, project range （Rp） and straggle （op） of the Gaussian profile have been considered while predicting the device characteris- tics. The present work may help to overcome the degradation in subthreshold characteristics with strain engineering. These subthreshold current and swing models provide valuable information for strained-Si MOSFET design. Ac- curacy of the proposed models is verified using the commercially available ATLASTM, a two-dimensional （2D） device simulator from SILVACO.

关键词： strained-Si-on-insulator (SSOI) Poisson's solution short-channel-effects

Effect of IOP based infusion system with and without balanced phaco tip on cumulative dissipated energy and estimated fluid usage in comparison to gravity fed infusion in torsional phacoemulsification

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 127-136页

作者： Praveen K.Malik Taru Dewan Arun Kr Patidar ekta Sain Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New DelhiIndia

Background:To evaluate the effect of three different combinations of tip designs and infusion systems in torsional phacoemulsification(INFINITI and CENTURION)in patients with *** to the manufacturer,two unique improvements in the Centurion are:active fluid dynamic management system and use of an intrepid balanced *** study specifically aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects,if any,of change in tip design and infusion system individually and in combination on both per-operative parameters as well as endothelial health over 6 ***:One hundred and twenty six consenting patients of grade 4.0-6.9 senile cataract were randomized into three groups for phacoemulsification:Group A(n=42):Gravity fed infusion system and 45° Kelman miniflared ABS phaco tip;Group B(n=42):intraocular pressure(IOP)based infusion system and 45° Kelman miniflared ABS phaco tip;Group C(n=42):IOP based infusion system and 45° Intrepid balanced phaco *** cumulative dissipated energy(CDE),estimated fluid usage(EFU)and total aspiration time(TAT)were compared *** endothelial parameters were followed up postoperatively for six ***:The three arms were matched for age(p=0.525),gender(p=0.96)and grade of cataract(p=0.177).Group C was associated with significant reductions in CDE(p=0.001),EFU(p<0.0005)as well as TAT(p=0.001)in comparison to the other *** three groups had comparable baseline endothelial cell density(p=0.876)and central corneal thickness(p=0.561).On post-operative evaluation,although all groups were comparable till 3 months,by 6 months,the percentage losses in endothelial cell density were significantly lower in group C as compared to the other ***:Use of an IOP based phacoemulsification system in association with use of the Intrepid balanced tip reduces the CDE,EFU and TAT in comparison to a gravity fed system with a mini flared tip or IOP based system with a mini flared tip while also providing better endothelia

关键词： Active fluidics CENTURION active Centurion IOP based infusion Torsional Phacoemulsification Intrepid balanced tip Kelman miniflared tip Gravity based infusion Cumulative dissipated energy

Phytochemical profiling of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. leaf methanol extract and its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第11期9卷 484-492页

作者： ekta Bhattacharya Rajashree Dutta Swati Chakraborty Suparna Mandal Biswas Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit Indian Statistical Institute203B.T.RoadKolkata 700108India Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science&Technology Panihati Kolkata 700114India

Objective:To explore the phytochemical profile of Artocarpus lakoocha *** both qualitatively and quantitatively,and validate its role as a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial ***:Extraction and isolation of different compounds were done from the leaves of Artocarpus lakoocha based on solvent fractionation ***,quantitative and qualitative phytochemical profiling along with antioxidant,antimicrobial and antioxidative activities were tested following standard ***:Among the five fractions,methanol fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha exhibited higher content of phytochemical compounds[phenols=(3175.21±290.43)mg GAE/g dry extract,flavonoids=(1173.15±47.52)mg QE/g dry extract and tannins=(923.53±95.21)mg TAE/g dry extract]as compared to other *** methanol fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays with IC50 of(111.98±34.20)μg/mL and(138.26±0.66)μg/mL,respectively,and the best reduction potential with a value of(316.81±2.96)mg QE/g dry extract in reducing power *** was significant correlation between the amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant ***,the extract successfully protected Lambda phage DNA from damage at 5 and 6 mg/mL concentration and exhibited substantial bactericidal as well as fungicidal *** GC-MS analysis of methanol fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha revealed diethyl phthalate as the main phytochemical compound,along with 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid,9-octyl eicosane and 7,8-didehydro-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6-methylene ***:The methanol fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha could be used as a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for sustainable agriculture and pharmaceutical purposes.

关键词： Moraceae Bioactive compounds Natural pharmaceuticals Diethyl phthalate

Multi-zonal transmission dynamics of pandemic COVID-19 and its stability

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2020年第2期1卷 128-134页

作者： Nita H.Shah Ankush H.Suthar ekta N.Jayswal Department of Mathematics Gujarat UniversityAhmedabad-380009GujaratIndia

At the end of 2019,the novel coronavirus(COVID-19)outbreak was identified in Wuhan city of *** of its profoundly infectious nature,it was converted into a pandemic in a very short ***,6,291,764 COVID-19 confirmed cases,and a total of 374,359 deaths are reported as of 1st June 2020;nevertheless,the circumstances become more and more critical over *** this global pandemic has necessitated ex-tensive strategies putting into *** on the intensity of the epidemic,the model discriminates area into three different types of zones,and this distinction is crucial to construct various effective strategies for all three types of zones *** threshold value of the COVID-19 based on the data from zone-wise distribution of Indian districts from 15th April to 3rd May 2020 is ***,the model is modified in a multi-group model to analyse the global transmission of *** control theory is applied to the *** control strategies are included based on the level of intensity of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Mathematical modelling Stability Control theory Numerical simulation