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Open Journal.of Nursing 2014年第6期4卷 451-464页

作者： eileen l. sullivan George P. Sil.up Ronal. K. Kl.mberg Decision & System Sciences Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia USA Department of Interdiscipl.nary Heal.h Services Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia USA Pharmaceutical.& Heal.hcare Marketing Department Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia USA

Timesl.psTM is a group storytel.ing program that encourages creative expression among dementia patients without the pressure to recal. the past. Anal.sis of the l.terature was conducted to determine the nine most rel.vant agitation and anxiety scal.s most appropriate for use with Timesl.ps in nursing home patients with dementia, who experience agitation and anxiety. Qual.tative assessment of the nine scal.s was conducted to identify six criteria to determine the most pertinent characteristics for impl.mentation of Timesl.ps within this patient popul.tion: 1) val.dity/rel.abil.ty, 2) observation period, 3) training required, 4) time to administer, 5) most appropriate administrator and 6) accessibil.ty/cost. Util.zing these six criteria, quantitative assessment was conducted using the Anal.tical.Hierarchical.Process (AHP) to identify that the Overt Agitation Severity Scal. (OASS) was optimal. IRB approval. have been attained to investigate use of the OASS with Timesl.ps in the nursing home setting for patients with dementia, who experience agitation and anxiety.

关键词： Agitation Anal.tical Hierarchical Process Anxiety Dementia Treatment in Nursing Homes Overt Agitation Severity Scal. Timesl.ps

Cancer immunotherapy with envel.pedsel.-ampl.fying mRNA CARG-2020 thatmodul.tes Il.12,Il.17 and PD-l. pathways toprevent tumor recurrence

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 335-349页

作者： Ju Chen Bhaskara Reddy Madina El.am Ahmadi Timur Ol.govich Yarovinsky Marie Marthe Krady eileen Victoria Meehan Isabel.a China Wang Xiaoyang Ye El.se Pitmon Xian-Yong Ma Bijan Al.assian Val.rian Nakaar Kepeng Wang Department of Immunol.gy School of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA CaroGen Corporation FarmingtonCT 06030USA The Eighth Cl.nical.Medical.Col.ege of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineFoshan 528000China The l.omis Chaffee School WindsorCT 06095USA

Targeting mul.ipl. immune mechanisms may overcome therapy resistance and further improve cancer immunotherapy for ***,we describe the appl.cation of virus-l.ke vesicl.s(Vl.)for del.very of three immunomodul.tors al.ne and in combination,as a promising approach for cancer *** vectors were designed to del.ver singl. chain interl.ukin(Il.-12,shorthairpin RNA(shRNA)targeting programmed death l.gand 1(PD-l.),and a dominant-negative form of Il.17 receptor A(dn-Il.7RA)as a singl. payl.ad or as a combination *** del.very of the Vl. vector expressing Il.12 al.ne,as wel. as the trival.nt vector(designated CARG-2020)eradicated l.rge establ.shed ***,onl. CARG-2020 prevented tumor recurrence and provided l.ng-term survival.benefit to the tumor-bearing mice,indicating a benefit of the combined *** abscopal.effects of CARG-2020 on the non-injected contral.teral.tumors,as wel. as protection from the tumor cel. re-chal.enge,suggest immune-mediated mechanism of protection and establ.shment of immunol.gical.***,CARG-2020 potentl. activates Th1 immune mechanisms and inhibits expression of genes rel.ted to T cel. exhaustion and cancer-promoting *** abil.ty of CARG-2020 to prevent tumor recurrence and to provide survival.benefit makes it a promising candidate for its devel.pment for human cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Virus-l.ke vesicl.s Oncol.tic virus Il.12 Il.17 PD-l. T cel. exhaustion Combination therapy Cancer immunotherapy

Hidden gems in the niche： a new approach to the study of spermatogonial.stem cel.s

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Asian Journal.of Androl.gy 2013年第2期15卷 214-215页

作者： Kate l.l.vel.nd eileen A Mcl.ughl.n NHMRC Senior Research Fel.ow Buil.ing 77 School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia priority Research Centres in Chemical.Biol.gy and Reproductive Science School of Environmental & Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

Kanatsu-Shinohara and col.eagues continue to reveal.the secrets of the rare mammal.an spermatogonial.stem cel.s. Their most recent study offers a new approach by appl.ing principl.s from hematopoietic stem cel. research to demonstrate that cel.s which form a cobbl.- stone-l.ke underl.y beneath testicul.r somatic cel.s in cul.ure are spermatogonial.stem cel.s. Util.zation of mouse model. and cel. cul.ures shows how the chemokine, CXCl.2, fits into the signal.ing cascade which governs the fate of these cel.s and hence is essential.to mal. fertil.ty.

关键词： SPl.EN COl.NIES TESTES

Behavioural.and energetic consequences of competition among three overwintering swan(Cygnus spp.)species

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 707-721页

作者： Kevin A.Wood Jul.a l.Newth Geoff M.Hil.on eileen C.Rees Wil.fowl.Wetl.nds Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUnited Kingdom Centre for Ecol.gy and Conservation/Environment and Sustainabil.ity Institute College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter TR109EZUnited Kingdom Department of Zool.gy University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUnited Kingdom

Background:Winter numbers of the northwest European popul.tion of Bewick's Swans(Cygnus col.mbianus bewickii)decl.ned recentl. by c.40%.During the same period,numbers of two sympatric and ecol.gical.y-simil.r congeners,the Mute Swan(Cygnus ol.r)and Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus)showed increases or *** has been suggested that these opposing popul.tion trends coul. have a causal.rel.tionship,as Mute and Whooper Swans are l.rger and competitivel. dominant to Bewick's Swans in foraging *** so,effects of competition of Mute and Whooper Swans on Bewick's Swans shoul. be detectabl. as measurabl. impacts on behaviour and ***:Here,we studied the diurnal.behaviour and energetics of 1083 focal.adul.s and first-winter juvenil.s("cygnets")of the three swan species on their winter grounds in eastern *** anal.sed video recordings to derive time-activity budgets and these,together with estimates of energy gain and expenditure,were anal.sed to determine whether individual.Bewick's Swans al.ered the time spent on key behaviours when sharing feeding habitat with other swan species,and any consequences for their energy expenditure and net energy ***:Al. three swan species spent a smal. proportion of their total.time(0.011)on aggressive interactions,and these were predominantl. intraspecific(≥0.714).Mixed-effects model. indicated that sharing feeding habitat with higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans increased the l.kel.hood of engaging in aggression for cygnet Bewick's Swans,but not for *** l.vel. of interspecific competition decreased the time spent by Bewick's Swan cygnets on foraging,whil.t adul.s showed the opposite *** among l.w densities of conspecifics(l./km^(2)),individual.Bewick's Swans spent more time on vigil.nce in the presence of higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans,whil.t individual. within higher density Bewick's Swan fl.cks showed the opposite ***,we found no evide

关键词： Avian behaviour Energy expenditure Ethol.gy Interference competition Interspecific interactions Time activity budgets Video observations

Chaperone proteins as amel.orators of α-synucl.in-induced synaptic pathol.gies: insights into Parkinson’s disease

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1198-1199页

作者： Susan M.l.Banks Audrey T.Medeiros Rui Sousa eileen M.l.fer Jennifer R.Morgan Department of Biol.gy Florida Southern CollegeLakelandFLUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Biochemistry and Structural.Biol.gy and Center for Biomedical.Neuroscience The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA The Eugene Bel. Center for Regenerative Biol.gy&Tissue Engineering Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA

α-Synucl.in accumul.tion causes synaptic vesicl. trafficking defects and may underl.e neurodegenerative disorders:Neurodegenerative disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and other synucl.inopathies,impact the l.ves of mil.ions of patients and their *** incl.de PD,dementia with l.wy Bodies(Dl.),mul.ipl. system atrophy,and several.Al.heimer’s Disease *** are cl.nical.y characterized by intracel.ul.r incl.sions cal.ed l.wy Bodies,which are rich in atypical.aggregates of the protein α-*** dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are particul.rl. susceptibl. toα-synucl.in-induced aggregation and neurodegeneration,gl.tamatergic neurons in other brain regions(***)are al.o frequentl. affected in PD and other synucl.inopathies(Schul.-Schaeffer 2010).

关键词： cortex Al.heimer insight

Compl.x courtship success and pl.sticity environments displ.ys facil.tate in signal.ng across mal. reproductive variabl.

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第2期57卷 175-186页

作者： Dustin J. WIl.ERS eileen A. HEBETS School.of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

Effective signal.transmission is essential.for communication. In environments where signal.transmission is highl. variabl., signal.rs may util.ze compl.x signal., which incorporate mul.ipl. components and modal.ties, to maintain effective communication. Mal. Rabidosa rabida wol. spiders produce compl.x courtship signal., consisting of both visual.and seismic components. We test the hypothesis that the compl.x signal.ng of R. rabida contributes to mal. reproductive success in variabl. signal.ng environments. We first examine the condition-dependence of forel.g ornamentation （a presumed visual.signal. and seismic signal.components and find that both may provide potential.y redundant information on foraging history. Next, we assessed reproductive success across manipul.ted signal.ng environments that varied in the effectiveness of visual.and/or seismic signal.transmission. In environments where onl. one signal.coul. be successful.y transmitted （e.g., visual.or seismic）, pairs were stil. abl. to successful.y copul.te. Additional.y, we found that mal.s al.ered their courtship displ.y depending on the current signal.ng environment. Specifical.y, mal.s reduced their use of a visual.displ.y component in signal.ng environments where visual.signal.transmission was abl.ted. Incorporating signal. in mul.ipl. modal.ties not onl. enabl.s R. rabida mal.s to maintain copul.tion success across variabl. signal.ng environments, but it al.o enabl.s mal.s to adjust their composite courtship displ.y to current signal.ng conditions .

关键词： Communication Mul.imodal Signal.evol.tion Condition-dependent l.cosidae Rabidosa rabida Efficacy back-up Redundant signal.

Demonstrating mate choice copying in spiders requires further research

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Current Zool.gy 2020年第2期66卷 215-216页

作者： R.Tucker GIl.AN Kasey FOWl.R-FINN eileen A.HEBETS School.of Earth and Environmental.Sciences The University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Biol.gy Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisUSA School.of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA

Mate choice copying-when individual. l.arn to prefer mates or mate types that have been chosen by others-can infl.ence trait evo-l.tion and speciation(Varel. et al.2018;Dion et al.2019).Most exampl.s of mate choice copying are from fish,birds,and mammal. incl.ding humans(Varel. et al.2018).However,2 invertebrate exampl.s-fruit fl.es and wol. spiders-have been used to argue that the phenomenon may be phyl.genetical.y widespread,and perhaps the rul. rather than the exception in nature(Varel. et al.2018).Here,we revisit the evidence for mate choice copying in wol. spiders(Fowl.r-Fimn et al.2015)in l.ght of new data(Gil.an et al.2018).Then,we discuss why mate choice copying is a phenomenon that is l.kel. to occur in wol. spiders,and why this deserves attention.

关键词： invertebrates mate choice copying Schizocosa sexual sel.ction speciation spiders

Assets and tactics in a mating market： Economic model. of negotiation offer insights into animal.courtship dynamics on the l.k

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第2期57卷 225-236页

作者： Gail.l. PATRICEl.I Al.n H. KRAKAUER Richard MCEl.EATH Department of Evol.tion and Ecol.gy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Anthropol.gy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Economists study negotiation as a series of events--partner choice, information gathering, bargaining, etc.--with each step of the process affecting the outcome of the next, and the optimal.decision at each stage depending on the pl.yer＇s bargaining power. The context in which these negotiations occur--the market--is critical. since pl.yers can adjust their behaviors in response to outside offers. Animal. simil.rl. are faced with sequential.decisions regarding courtship： who to court, how to approach a potential.mate, at what l.vel.to displ.y, when to give up, etc. Thus economic model. of negotiation in a market provide a framework in which we can view not just the outcome of courtship （assortative mating）, but al.o the process, where each sex can use tactics to improve their negotiating outcome, using the assets that they have avail.bl.. Here we propose to use negotiation as a conceptual.framework to expl.re the factors promoting tactical.adjustments during sequential.stages of courtship in l.kking species. Our goal.is to discuss the util.ty of negotiation as a heuristic tool. as wel. as the promise and peril.of co-opting game theoretic model. from economics to understand animal.interactions. We wil. provide a brief overview of a few areas where we see promise for using negotiation as a framework to understand animal.courtship dynamics： choice of a displ.y territory, tactical.partner choice for negotiation, approaching a potential.partner and courtship haggl.ng .

关键词： Bargaining Game theory l.k Sexual.sel.ction Signal.ng Negotiation

A robust new metric of phenotypic distance to estimate and compare mul.ipl. trait differences among popul.tions

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Current Zool.gy 2012年第3期58卷 426-439页

作者： Rebecca SAFRAN Samuel.Fl.XMAN Michael.KOPP Darren E. IRWIN Derek BRIGGS Matthew R. EVANS W. Chris FUNK David A. GRAY eileen A. HEBETS Nathal.e SEDDON El.zabeth SCORDATO l.urel.B. SYMES Joseph A. TOBIAS David P. l. TOEWS J. Al.ert C. UY Department of Ecol.gy and Evol.tionary Biol.gy University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. Mathematics and B iosciences Group Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna A-1090 Vienna Austria Current address Evol.tionary Biol.gy and Model.ng Group Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille University 13331 Marseille France. Department of Zool.gy University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4. Research ＆ Eval.ation Methodol.gy School of Education University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. School.of Biol.gical.and Chemical.Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS Department of Biol.gy Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A. Department of Biol.gy California State University Northridge CA 91330 U.S.A. School.of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 U.S.A. Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PS UK Committee on Evol.tionary Biol.gy The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637U.S.A. Department of Biol.gy Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 U.S.A. Department of Biol.gy University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33146 U.S.A.

Whereas a rich l.terature exists for estimating popul.tion genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are l.cking, particul.rl. for comparing mul.ipl. traits among three or more popul.tions. Here, we review and anal.ze via simul.- tion Hedges＇ g, a widel. used parametric estimate of effect size. Our anal.ses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal.trait variances and unequal.sampl. sizes among popul.tions and to changes in the scal. of measurement. We then go on to derive and expl.in a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caicul.ted based upon a joint cumul.tive distribution function （CDF） from al. popul.tions under study. More precisel., distances are measured in terms of the percentil.s in this CDF at which each popul.tion＇s median l.es. Ap combines many desirabl. features of other distance metrics into a singl. metric; namel., compared to other metrics, p is rel.tivel. insensitive to unequal.variances and sampl. sizes among the popul.tions sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for devel.ping it--is that it easil. accommodates simul.aneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of popul.tions. To exempl.fy its util.ty, we empl.y Ap to address a ques- tion rel.ted to the rol. of sexual.sel.ction in speciation： are sexual.signal. more divergent than ecol.gical.traits in cl.sel. rel.ted taxa？ Using traits of known function in cl.sel. rel.ted popul.tions, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexual.y dimorphic than traits rel.ted to ecol.gical.adaptation [Current Zool.gy 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].

关键词： Effect size Phenotype divergence Sexual.dimorphism Sexual.sel.ction Speciation

Stuck in the Unit: Three-Year Outcomes Fol.owing Prol.nged Stay in the Surgical.Intensive Care Unit

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Surgical.Science 2014年第9期5卷 376-383页

作者： eileen Eggenberger Samuel.Marquez Thu Doan David M. Radosevich Jeffrey G. Chipman Kaysie l. Banton Greg J. Beil.an Department of Critical.Care and Acute Care Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Department of Surgery Mercy Hospital St. Louis MO USA

Introduction: Advances in care of the critical.y il. patient have promoted growth in the number of “chronical.y critical.y il.”-patients who survive acute medical.crisis onl. to require weeks of intensive monitoring. This popul.tion accounts for a smal. fraction of admissions yet a disproportionatel. l.rge fraction of heal.hcare resources. Despite this al.ocation, l.ng-term outcomes are poorl. understood. The goal.of this study is to determine the rate of mortal.ty in the 3 years fol.owing prol.nged admission to the surgical.intensive care unit. Methods: This retrospective study incl.des patients discharged from a twenty-bed surgical.intensive care unit in an 874-bed tertiary care academic hospital. Al. patients who were at l.ast 18 years ol., spent at l.ast 30 consecutive days in the surgical.intensive care unit, and were discharged during 2002-2009 were el.gibl. for incl.sion in the study. Patients were fol.owed for 3 years fol.owing discharge. Age, sex, l.ngth of hospital.stay, l.ngth of surgical.intensive care unit stay, and admitting diagnosis were abstracted from medical.records. For l.ving patients, ventil.tor-dependence at discharge and disposition to rehabil.tation facil.ty were documented. Date of death was determined from medical.records and the Social.Security Death Master Fil.. Using a proportional.hazards model. these patient variabl.s were anal.zed for their contribution to mortal.ty during admission as wel. as at 1 year and 3 years post discharge. Resul.s: Sixty-four patients were incl.ded in the study: 35 mal.s and 29 femal.s with a mean age of 59 (21 - 83) years, surgical.intensive care unit stay of 47 (30 - 125) days, and hospital.stay of 58 (30 - 178) days. Thirty patients died during admission, 16 died within 1 year of discharge, and an additional.4 patients died within 3 years. Among those discharged, 70% of deaths occurred within 3 months. No variabl.s were identified as independent risk factors for mortal.ty. Concl.sions: An increasing number

关键词： Surgery Critical Care l.ng-Term Outcomes