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Intracellular interferon signalling pathways as potential regulators of covalently closed circular DNA in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第14期27卷 1369-1391页

作者： Zhi Yi Goh ee Chee Ren Hui ling Ko Singapore Immunology Network Agency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore 138648Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore

250 million people worldwide continue to be chronically infected with the *** patients may be treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues,this only suppresses HBV titre to sub-detection levels without eliminating the persistent HBV covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)*** a result,HBV infection cannot be cured,and the virus reactivates when conditions are ***(IFNs)are cytokines known to induce powerful antiviral mechanisms that clear viruses from infected *** have been shown to induce cccDNA clearance,but their use in the treatment of HBV infection is limited as HBVtargeting immune cells are exhausted and HBV has evolved multiple mechanisms to evade and suppress IFN ***,to fully utilize IFN-mediated intracellular mechanisms to effectively eliminate HBV,instead of direct IFN administration,novel strategies to sustain IFN-mediated anti-cccDNA and antiviral mechanisms need to be *** review will consolidate what is known about how IFNs act to achieve its intracellular antiviral effects and highlight the critical interferon-stimulated gene targets and effector mechanisms with potent anti-cccDNA *** include cccDNA degradation by APOBECs and cccDNA silencing and transcription repression by epigenetic *** addition,the mechanisms that HBV employs to disrupt IFN signalling will be *** that have been developed or are in the pipeline for components of the IFN signalling pathway and HBV targets that detract IFN signalling mechanisms will also be identified and discussed for utility in the treatment of HBV ***,these will provide useful insights into design strategies that specifically target cccDNA for the eradication of HBV.

关键词： Covalently closed circular DNA Interferons APOBECs Epigenetic modification Hepatitis B virus therapeutics

A major pathway for carbon and nitrogen losses-Gas emissions during storage of solid pig manure in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 190-200页

作者： SHAN Nan LI Hu LI Jian-zheng ee ling Ng MA Yan WANG Li-gang CHEN Qing College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne

This study investigated the carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) gas emissions(N_2O,NH_3,CO_2 and CH_4) from solid pig manure management in *** emissions were quantified from static piles over 60 days during summer in China's Yangtze River Basin,using Drager-Tube and static chamber-gas chromatography *** emissions of NH_3 and N_2 O were observed at the early stage of storage,but high emission of CH_4 occured later during ***,62% of the total C in the original pile was lost; CO_2 and CH_4 emissions accounted for 57 and 0.2% of C lost *** the same time,41% of the total N in the original pile was lost; NH_3 and N_2 O emissions accounted for 15 and 0.3% of N lost *** volatilization of NH_3 during storage in summer was 4.56 g NH_3 per kg dry *** total greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions during storage accounted for 67.93 g CO_2 equivalent per kg dry weight; N_2 O and CH_4 contributed to 46 and 55% of total GHG emissions *** China's major role in pig production,further attention should given to pig manure management to mitigate its contribution to atmospheric pollution.

关键词： storage static pile ammonia nitrogen and carbon emissions greenhouse gas emission pig manure management

Equity,Resilience,and Achievements in High Performing Asian Education Systems

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Frontiers of Education in China 2016年第3期11卷 267-271页

作者： Wing-On Lee Chenri HUI LOW ee ling Open University of Hong Kong Hong KongChina Strategic Planning and Academic Quality National Institute of EducationNanyang Technological University637616 SingaporeSingapore

In the latest 2012 PISA results,the top performers were all Asian countries and *** among these high performing education systems is the emergence of quality improvement in education as a means of achieving *** replaces the conventional focus on system inputs in education mainly influenced by the economic and sociological beliefs of the time,based on the human capital theory and the compensatory theory for the disadvantaged as a means of rectifying inequities.

关键词： education replace disadvantage

Inherently Chiral and Symmetrical Heteroatom-Doped Zigzag-Type Hydrocarbon Belts

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1198-1210页

作者： Xue-Yuan Wang Xin-Yu Zhang Shuo Tong Qing-Hui Guo Mei-ling tan Cheng-Jun Li Mei-Xiang Wang Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

hydrocarbon belts due to their potential applications in carbon *** contrast,heteroatomembedded zigzag hydrocarbon belts as advanced design strategies with fascinating structures and desirable,unique properties have remained largely unexplored,and inherently chiral ones are ***,we report the synthesis of a diversity of symmetric and highly enantiopure inherently chiral O-and N-doped zigzag-type hydrocarbon belts starting from strainless macrocycles based on fjord-stitching *** readily available pertriflated resorcin[6]arene underwent partial hydrolyses and intramolecular S_(N)Ar reactions to form a calix[3](9H-xanthene)derivative and a prochiral half-belt *** transformations of calix[3](9H-xanthene)into C_(3v)-symmetric molecular belts were achieved by closing the rest of the fjords with triple intramolecular S_(N)Ar reactions and Yamamoto homo coupling reactions,as well as palladiumcatalyzed intermolecular acridination reactions with primary *** prochiral half-belt underwent enantioselective desymmetrizative mono-acridination to afford an inherently chiral N,O_(4)-bridged pseudo-belt with an enantiomeric excess(ee)value of>99%under the catalysis of Pd(OAc)_(2)and(R)-*** closure reactions of the pseudo-belt produced diverse heteroatom-inlayed zigzag-type hydrocarbon belts of inherent ***,we showed the unique cavity structures of the belts and demonstrated interesting chiroptic properties of the inherently enantiopure chiral *** research opens the door for the exploration of novel and sophisticated symmetric and inherently chiral molecular nanobelt structures with outstanding physical and chemical properties,as well as potential applications.

关键词： zigzag-type molecular belt heterocycle chiroptical property fjord-stitching strategy resorcinarene

Distribution and seasonal variation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds,N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential in the Huangpu River, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第5期26卷 1023-1033页

作者： Ai Zhang Yongmei Li ling Chen State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University

Detection of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds （EDCs） and N-nitrosodimethylamine （NDMA） in drinking water has led to rising concerns. There are, however, a paucity of studies on the distribution and seasonal variation of NDMA and NDMA formation potential （NDMA-FP） in natural waters, especially in China. For EDCs, limited studies have investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of estrone （El）, 1713-estradiol （E2）, estriol （E3）, 17a-ethinylestradiol （ee2）, technical-nonylphenols （t-NP）, and bisphenol A （BPA） in Shanghai. In this study, water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along the Huangpu River in 2012. The distribution and seasonal variation of EDCs, NDMA, and NDMA-FP were investigated. The results showed that all of the 11 sampling sites were contaminated by the target compounds. Compared with E2 and ee2, higher E1 and E3 concentrations were usually detected in the Huangpu River. The values of 17β- estradiol equivalents （eeQ） suggest a high possibility of endocrine effects on exposed organisms in the Huangpu River. NDMA-FP and t-NP were the dominant contaminants among the eight target compounds. The detection rates of the target compounds and their concentrations were both higher in dry seasons than in wet seasons. Higher concentrations of target compounds were observed in urban sampling sites near drainage outlets, and also in suburban sampling sites where intensive livestock farming and farmlands were located.

关键词： EDCs NDMA NDMA-FP seasonal variation spatial distribution

Optimal AP Deployment in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with LoS/NLoS Transmissions:A Stochastic Geometry Approach

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China Communications 2024年第9期21卷 146-158页

作者： Jiang ling Zhang Qi Zhu Hongbo Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China

Cell-free massive multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)is a promising technology for future wireless communications,where a large number of distributed access points(APs)simultaneously serve all users over the same time-frequency *** users and APs may locate close to each other,the line-of-sight(Lo S)transmission occurs more frequently in cell-free massive MIMO ***,in this paper,we investigate the cell-free massive MIMO system with Lo S and non-line-of-sight(NLo S)transmissions,where APs and users are both distributed according to Poisson point *** tools from stochastic geometry,we derive a tight lower bound for the user downlink achievable rate and we further obtain the energy efficiency(ee)by considering the power consumption on downlink payload transmissions and circuitry *** on the analysis,the optimal AP density and AP antenna number that maximize the ee are *** is found that compared with the previous work that only considers NLo S transmissions,the actual optimal AP density should be much smaller,and the maximized ee is actually much higher.

关键词： cell-free massive MIMO energy efficiency LoS/NLoS transmissions stochastic geometry

甲状腺相关性眼病伴眼外肌肌腱受累1例(英文)

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国际眼科杂志 2012年第3期12卷 394-396页

作者： Ng Guan Fook Dinesh Kumar Ang ee ling Liza-Sharmini AT 马来西亚理科大学医学院眼科马来西亚吉兰丹马来西亚槟城总医院眼科

目的:报告1例甲状腺相关性眼病的非典型CT扫描表现。方法:一位64岁的中国女性出现复视3mo,无视力模糊。14a前她曾患甲状腺功能亢进症伴多结节甲状腺肿并行甲状腺切除术。眼科检查发现双眼下斜视并向上注视受限。左眼red desaturation并... 详细信息

目的:报告1例甲状腺相关性眼病的非典型CT扫描表现。方法:一位64岁的中国女性出现复视3mo,无视力模糊。14a前她曾患甲状腺功能亢进症伴多结节甲状腺肿并行甲状腺切除术。眼科检查发现双眼下斜视并向上注视受限。左眼red desaturation并Ⅰ级相对性瞳孔传入障碍。T3,T4和促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)正常。TSH受体、抗体水平高,与Graves'病一致。磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)显示双下直肌弥漫性增大,肌腱受累。结果:给予几周期静脉注射甲基强的松龙继之以口服强的松后视力无提高,反之继续下降。行左眼眼眶减压术,术后其左眼视力有所改善。结论:有肌腱受累的眼外肌增大不能排除甲状腺相关性眼眶病(thyroid assciated orbitopathy,TAO)的可能。

关键词：甲状腺眼病甲状腺相关性眼眶病 CT扫描肌腱

Improved method for analyzing the degradation of estrogens in water by solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第4期23卷 693-698页

作者： Minggang Zheng ling Wang Yuandui Bi Feng Liu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Environment Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China The First Institute of Oceanography Qingdao 266101 China.

We established an improved method for the determination of four estrogens including estriol （E3）, 17β-estradiol （E2）, 17α-ethynyl- estrodiol （ee2） and estrone （E1） in water. The method consisted of solid-phase extraction （0.5 L water） and subsequent analysis of analytes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） with an ultraviolet detector （UVD）. Base-line separation was achieved for all studied estrogens using a column （50 mm × 2.1 mm） packed with 1.7 μm particle size stationary phase. Recovery was higher than 88% and detection limits ranged between 12.5–23.7 ng/L for the four estrogens, with the RSD ranging from 7% to 11%. The method was successfully applied to determine E2 and ee2 in simulated natural water, which found that about 70% of E2 was degraded （with a half-life of about 30 hr） within 48 hr and about 55% of ee2 was degraded （with a half-life of about 36 hr）. Low levels of E1 were found, however E3 was undetectable during the process.

关键词： estrogens base-lined separation half-life degradation

Research on the MPPT of Photovoltaic Power Generation Based on Improved WOA and P&O under Partial Shading Conditions

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Energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 951-971页

作者： Jian Zhong Lei Zhang ling Qin School of Electrical Engineering Nantong UniversityNantong226019China

Partial shading conditions(PSCs)caused by uneven illumination become one of the most common problems in photovoltaic(PV)systems,which can make the PV power-voltage(P-V)characteristics curve show *** maximum power point tracking(MPPT)methods have shortcomings in tracking to the global maximum power point(GMPP),resulting in a dramatic decrease in output *** order to solve the above problems,intelligent algorithms are used in ***,the existing intelligent algorithms have some disadvantages,such as slow convergence speed and large search ***,an improved whale algorithm(IWOA)combined with the P&O(IWOA-P&O)is proposed for the MPPT of PV power generation in this ***,IWOA is used to track the range interval of the GMPP,and then P&O is used to accurately find the MPP in that *** with other algorithms,simulation results show that this method has an average tracking efficiency of 99.79%and an average tracking time of 0.16 s when tracking ***,experimental verification is conducted,and the results show that the proposed algorithm has better MPPT performance compared to popular particle swarm optimization(PSO)and PSO-P&O algorithms.

关键词： Photovoltaic power generation maximum power point tracking whale algorithm perturbation and observation