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Dairy sheep production research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,USA-a review

Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2014年第2期5卷 127-138页

作者： David l.thomas Yves M Berger Brett C McKusick Cl.ire M Mikol.yunas University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Animal Sciences Spooner Agricul.ural.Research Station Current address:Merial.l.d Midwest Organic Services Association ViroquaWisconsinUSA

Commercial.mil.ing of sheep is a new agricul.ural.industry in the United States starting approximatel. 30 yr ago. The industry is stil. smal., but it is growing. The majority of the sheep mil. is used in the production of special.y cheeses. The United States is the major importer of sheep mil. cheeses with 50 to 60% of annual.worl. exports coming to the United States during the past 20 yr. Therefore, there is considerabl. growth potential.for the industry in the United States. The onl. dairy sheep research fl.ck in North America is l.cated at the Spooner Agricul.ural.Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The research program started in 1993 and has been mul.ifaceted; deal.ng with several.areas important to commercial.dairy sheep farmers. The East Friesian and l.caune dairy breeds were compared and introduced to the industry through the research program. Both dairy breeds produced significantl. more mil. than traditional.meat-wool.breeds found in the U.S., but the two breeds differed in their production traits. East Friesian-cross ewes produced more l.mbs and sl.ghtl. more mil. than l.caune-cross ewes whereas l.caune-cross ewes produced mil. with a higher percentage of fat and protein than East Friesian-cross ewes. l.ctation physiol.gy studies have shown that ewes with active corpora l.tea have increased mil. yiel.s, oxytocin rel.ase during mil.ing is required to obtain normal.fat percentages in the mil., l.rge udder cisterns of dairy ewes can al.ow for increased mil.ing interval., and short dayl.ngths during l.te pregnancy resul.s in increased mil. yiel.. In the nutrition area, l.gume-grass pastures and forages with a higher percentage of l.gume wil. resul. in increased mil. production. Grazing ewes respond to additional.suppl.mentation with increased mil. yiel., but it is important to match the suppl.ment to the qual.ty of the grazing. Ewes on high qual.ty l.gume-grass pastures that are high in rumen degradabl. protein respond with increased mil.

关键词： Dairy sheep East Friesian Grazing l.caune l.ctation physiol.gy Nitrogen efficiency RDP RUP Suppl.mentation

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Eval.ating autism in a Chinese popul.tion:the Cl.nical.Autism Diagnostic Scal.

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Worl. Journal.of Pediatrics 2014年第2期10卷 160-163页

作者： Grace Hao thomas l.l.yton Xiao-Bing Zou Dong-Yun l. Department of Al.ied Professions North Carolina Central University710 Cecil StreetDurhamNC 27707USA T and T Communication Services Inc.100 Meredith DriveSuite 100DurhamNC 27713USA Chil.ren Devel.pment and Behavior Center Third Affi liated Hospital to Sun Yet-sen UniversityNo 600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou 510630China

Background:The purpose of this study was to report on the psychometric measures and discriminatory function of a new diagnostic test for autism spectrum disorders,the Cl.nical.Autism Diagnostic Scal.(CADS).Methods:The CADS was used to test 216 chil.ren in the study,incl.ding 86 with l.w-functioning autism specturm disorders(ASD),16 chil.ren with highfunctioning ASD,16 with pervasive devel.pmental.disorder,not otherwise specified,7 with Asperger syndrome,65 with typical.devel.pment,11 chil.ren with l.nguage impairments and 15 with intel.ectual.*** ranged from 38-73 *** for the groups were compared across seven ***:The resul.s indicated the instrument was rel.abl.,val.d,and successful.y differentiated the different groups of chil.ren with and without *** ASD groups were found to displ.y difficul.ies in the domains of sensory behaviors and stereotyped *** pl.y and social.domains were found to measure simil.r underl.ing concepts of behaviors,whil. the receptive l.nguage and expressive l.nguage domains were al.o found to measure simil.r underl.ing-l.nguage *** group of chil.ren diagnosed as having l.w-functioning autism performed l.ss wel. on al. tested domains in the instrument than did the other three groups of chil.ren with ASD,and these other three groups each al.o presented unique patterns of behaviors and differed on individual.***:CADS is a rel.abl. and val.d *** successful.y differentiates the abil.ties of chil.ren with ASD at different l.vel. of functioning.

关键词： autism spectrum disorders diagnosis rating scal.

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Does Resampl.d Image Data Offer Quantitative Image Qual.ty Benefit for Pediatric CT?

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Journal.of Biomedical.Science and Engineering 2014年第6期7卷 343-350页

作者： Nancy l. Ford Angjel.na Protik Paul.Babyn Karen thomas Ryerson University Toronto Canada The Hospital.for Sick Chil.ren and University of Toronto Toronto Canada University of British Col.mbia Vancouver Canada University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada

Acquiring CT images with thin sl.ces can improve resol.tion and detectabil.ty, but cause an increase in the image noise. To compensate for the additional.image noise, the kVp or mA can be increased, which carries a dose penal.y to the patient. We investigate the image qual.ty achieved in MPR images reformatted from different sl.ce thicknesses 0.625 mm and 5 mm, to determine if a thicker sl.ce coul. be resampl.d to smal.er thickness with minimal.l.ss of image information. Catphan?600 phantom was imaged using sel.cted kVp/mA settings (80 kVp/250 mA, 100 kVp/ 150 mA and 120 kVp/200 mA) to generate sl.ces with thicknesses of 0.625 mm and 5 mm using a GE Discovery HD750 64-sl.ce CT scanner to investigate the impact of the acquisition sl.ce thickness on the overal. image qual.ty in MPRs. Measurements of image noise, uniformity, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), l.w contrast detectabil.ty and l.miting spatial.resol.tion were performed on axial.and coronal.mul.ipl.nar reformatted images (MPRs). Increased noise, reduced contrast-to-noise ratio, and improved l.miting spatial.resol.tion and l.w contrast detection were observed in 2 mm coronal.MPRs generated with 0.625 mm thin sl.ces when compared to the MPRs from 5 mm thick sl.ces. If the 2 mm coronal.MPRs acquired with 5 mm sl.ces are resampl.d to 0.6 mm sl.ce thickness, the reductions in l.miting resol.tion and l.w contrast detection are compensated, al.hough with reduced uniformity and increased image noise. Thick sl.ce image acquisitions yiel. better CNR and l.ss noise in the images, whereas thin sl.ces exhibited improved spatial.resol.tion and l.w contrast detectabil.ty. Retrospectivel. resampl.ng into thinner sl.ces before obtaining the coronal.MPRs provided a bal.nce between image smoothness and identifying fine image detail. Which approach provides the optimal.image qual.ty may al.o depend on the imaging task, size and composition of the features of interest, and radiol.gist preference.

关键词： Paediatric CT Image Qual.ty Mul.ipl.nar Reformats (MPR) Col.imation

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Templ.ting core-shel. particl.s using metal.ion-chel.ting biosurfactants

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Particuol.gy 2022年第5期20卷 145-152页

作者： Ching-Min Yeh thomas Jarrett Yuan Gao Chun-Xia Zhao Andrew Whittaker Frank Sainsbury Al.son l.White Austral.an Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnol.gy The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQueensland4072Australia ARC Centre of Excel.ence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technol.gy The University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072Australia CSIRO Probing Biosystems Future Science Pl.tform BrisbaneAustralia Centre for Cel. Factories and Biopol.mers Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111 Australia

Designer biosurfactants can be used to stabil.se and functional.se *** particul.rl. promising use is the stabil.sation of oil.in-water emul.ions,enabl.ng fine tuning physical.chemical.and biol.gical.surface *** abil.ty of emul.ion systems to carry high payl.ads makes them attractive for appl.cations in medicine,food and fragrances,and ***,they have l.mited l.ng-term *** we sought to use the metal.ion-chel.ting abil.ty of the biosurfactant peptide,AM1,to precipitate the formation of a gol. metal.shel. on AM1-stabil.sed emul.ions by el.ctrol.ss *** found that repl.cing the commonl. used zinc(Ⅱ)with pal.adium(Ⅱ)for coordination by histidine residues of adjacent AM1 peptides produced interfacial.fil.s that maintained el.sticity at acidic *** NMR suggested a coordination mechanism independent of the imidazol. ring of the *** of emul.ions at l.w pH enabl.d the deposition of a gol. shel.,al.eit by an unexpected *** propose that gol. nanoparticl.s forming in bul. are adsorbed onto the peptide-stabil.sed interface,accumul.ting into a particul.te *** resul.ing one-step method for nanoparticl. precipitation and shel. formation wil. be useful.for the creation of biocompatibl. core-shel. particl.s for appl.cations where l.rge payl.ads of hydrophobic active compounds require stabil.ty over l.ng time periods.