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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 298-303页

作者： edwin i.egbobawaye Nelly Omoruyi Abdulmutallib Aminu Robert Trentham Mohamed K.Zobaa Sumit Verma Kinder Morgan MidlandTX79705USA Department of Geosciences University of Texas Permian BasinOdessaTX79762USA

The Pennsylvanian unconformity,which is a detrital surface,separates the beds of the Permian-aged strata from the Lower Paleozoic in the Central Basin *** data interpretation indicates that the unconformity is an angular unconformity,overlying multiple normal faults,and accompanied with a thrust fault which maximizes the region's structural ***,the Pennsylvanian angular unconformity creates pinch-outs between the beds above and *** computed the spectral decomposition and reflector convergence attributes and analyzed them to characterize the angular unconformity and *** spectral decomposition attribute divides the broadband seismic data into different spectral bands to resolve thin beds and show thickness *** contrast,the reflector convergence attribute highlights the location and direction of the pinch-outs as they dip south at angles between 2° and 6°.After reviewing findings from RGB blending of the spectrally decomposed frequencies along the Pennsylvanian unconformity,we observed channel-like features and multiple linear bands in addition to the faults and *** can be inferred that the identified linear bands could be the result of different lithologies associated with the tilting of the beds,and the faults may possibly influence hydrocarbon migration or act as a flow barrier to entrap hydrocarbon *** identification of this angular unconformity and the associated features in the study area are vital for the following reasons:1)the unconformity surface represents a natural stratigraphic boundary;2)the stratigraphic pinch-outs act as fluid flow connectivity boundaries;3)the areal extent of compartmentalized reservoirs'boundaries created by the angular unconformity are better defined;and 4)fault displacements are better understood when planning well locations as faults can be flow barriers,or permeability conduits,depending on facies heterogeneity and/or seal effectiveness of a fault,which

关键词： Pennsylvanian unconformity Seismic data interpretation Spectral decomposition Reflector convergence Reservoir characterization

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Sedimentology and ichnology of Upper Montney Formation Tight Gas Reservoir, Northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

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international Journal of Geosciences 2016年第12期7卷 1357-1411页

作者： edwin i. egbobawaye Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Several decades of conventional oil and gas production in Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) have resulted in maturity of the basin, and attention is shifting to alternative hydrocarbon reservoir system, such as tight gas reservoir of the Montney Formation, which consists of siltstone with subordinate interlaminated very fine-grained sandstone. The Montney Formation resource play is one of Canada’s prime unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir, with reserve estimate in British Columbia (Natural Gas reserve = 271 TCF), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG = 12,647 million barrels), and oil reserve (29 million barrels). Based on sedimentological and ichnological criteria, five lithofacies associations were identified in the study interval: Lithofacies F-1 (organic rich, wavy to parallel laminated, black colored siltstone);Lithofacies F-2 (very fine-grained sandstone interbedded with siltstone);Lithofacies F-3A (bioturbated silty-sandstone attributed to the Skolithos ichnofacies);Lithofacies F-3B (bioturbated siltstone attributed to Cruziana ichnofacies);Lithofacies F-4 (dolomitic, very fine-grained sandstone);and Lithofacies F-5 (massive siltstone). The depositional environments interpreted for the Montney Formation in the study area are lower shoreface through proximal offshore to distal offshore settings. Rock-Eval data (hydrogen index and Oxygen index) shows that Montney sediments contains mostly gas prone Type iii/iV with subordinate Type ii kerogen, TOC ranges from 0.39 - 3.54 wt% with a rare spike of 10.9 wt% TOC along the Montney/Doig boundary. Vitrinite reflectance data and Tmax show that thermal maturity of the Montney Formation is in the realm of “peak gas” generation window. Despite the economic significance of the Montney unconventional “resource-play”, however, the location and predictability of the best reservoir interval remain conjectural in part because the lithologic variability of the optimum reservoir lithologies has not been adequately characterized. This

关键词： Montney Formation Sedimentology ichnology Tight Gas Reservoir Oil and Gas Petroleum Geology British Columbia Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

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Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Triassic Montney Formation, Northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

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international Journal of Geosciences 2016年第1期7卷 91-114页

作者： edwin i. egbobawaye Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (iCP-MS) was used to analyze chemical elements—major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) concentrations, augmented with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thin-section petrography for mineralogical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Results from this study indicate that integration of chemical elements with mineralogy shows affinity to the host lithologies. Evidently, chemical elements are the building blocks for minerals, thus, their significances ize:12px;font-family:Verdana;">in the interpretation of geological systems are unambiguous. Herein, major elements concentration such as Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Mn in the samples analyzed from the Montney Formation are interpreted as: 1) indication of dolomitization and diagenesis;2) trace elements—Rb, Th, U, and Cs are related to the organi

关键词： Geochemistry Whole-Rock Mineralogy Montney Formation Thin-Section Petrography Trace-Elements iCP-MS XRD Dolomitization Diagenesis WCSB

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isotopes (<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O) Geochemistry of Lower Triassic Montney Formation, Northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada

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Natural Science 2017年第10期9卷 355-376页

作者： edwin i. egbobawaye Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences 1-26 Earth Sciences Building University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Oxygen isotope (δ18O) serves as paleothermometer, and provides paleotemperature for carbonates. δ18O signature was used to estimate the temperature of fractionation of dolomite and calcite in Montney Formation, empirically calculated to have precipitated, between approximately 13°C to ±33°C during Triassic time in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Measurements of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) fractionation, supported by quantitative X-ray diffraction evidence, and whole-rock geochemical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation indicates the presence of calcite, dolomite, magnesium, carbon and other elements. Results from isotopic signature obtained from bulk calcite and bulk dolomite from this study indicates depleted δ13CPDB (-2.18‰ to -8.46‰) and depleted δ18OPDB (-3.54‰ to -16.15‰), which is interpreted in relation to oxidation of organic matter during diagenesis. Diagenetic modification of dolomitized very fine-grained, silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation may have occurred in stages of progressive oxidation and reduction reactions involving chemical elements such as Fe, which manifest in mineral form as pyrite, particularly, during early burial diagenesis. Such mineralogical changes evident in this study from petrography and SEM, includes cementation, authigenic quartz overgrowth and mineral replacement involving calcite and dolomite, which are typical of diagenesis. High concentration of chemical elements in the Montney Formation?-Ca and Mg indicates dolomitization. it is interpreted herein, that calcite may have been precipitated into the interstitial pore space of the intergranular matrix of very fine-grained silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation as cement by a complex mechanism resulting in the interlocking of grains.

关键词： isotopes Stable isotopes 13C and 18O isotope Geochemistry Montney Formation Geochemistry Chemical Element Mineralogy Tight Gas Reservoir British Columbia Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) Triassic Subsurface Geology

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Petroleum Source-Rock Evaluation and Hydrocarbon Potential in Montney Formation Unconventional Reservoir, Northeastern British Columbia, Canada

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Natural Resources 2017年第11期8卷 716-756页

作者： edwin i. egbobawaye Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Source-rock characteristics of Lower Triassic Montney Formation presented in this study shows the total organic carbon (TOC) richness, thermal maturity, hydrocarbon generation, geographical distribution of TOC and thermal maturity (Tmax) in Fort St. John study area (T86N, R23W and T74N, R13W) and its environs in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). TOC richness in Montney Formation within the study area is grouped into three categories: low TOC ( 3.5 wt%), and high TOC (>3.5 wt% %). Thermal maturity of the Montney Formation source-rock indicates that >90% of the analyzed samples are thermally mature, and mainly within gas generating window (wet gas, condensate gas, and dry gas), and comprises mixed Type ii/iii (oil/gas prone kerogen), and Type iV kerogen (gas prone). Analyses of Rock-Eval parameters (TOC, S2, Tmax, Hi, Oi and Pi) obtained from 81 samples in 11 wells that penetrated the Montney Formation in the subsurface of northeastern British Columbia were used to map source rock quality across the study area. Based on total organic carbon (TOC) content mapping, geographical distribution of thermal maturity (Tmax) data mapping, including evaluation and interpretation of Rock-Eval parameters in the study area, the Montney Formation kerogen is indicative of a pervasively matured petroleum system in the study area.

关键词： Petroleum Source-Rock Rock-Eval Oil and Gas Kerogen Vitrinite Reflectance Hydrocarbon Reservoir Montney Formation Geology TOC Tmax Pyrolysis Hydrocarbon Generation British Columbia Western Canada Sedimentary Basin WCSB

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Comparative immunology

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integrative Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 32-43页

作者： edwin L.COOPER Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology Department of NeurobiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

As a discipline,comparative immunology enhances zoology and has gained wide acceptance in the biological *** is an offshoot of the parent field,immunology,and is an amalgam of immunology and *** animals from protozoans to humans have solved the threat of extinction by having evolved an immune-defense strategy that ensures the capacity to react against foreign,non-self microorganisms and cancers that disturb the homeostatic ***-type innate immune responses evolved first and they characterize the *** rapid natural responses act immediately and are often essential for the occurrence of slower,more specific,adaptive vertebratetype immune *** components of the innate immune system,there is an emphasis on several major steps in the evolutionary process:(i)recognition;(ii)the phagocytic cell;and(iii)the natural killer *** vertebrates evolved,beginning with fish,thymus-controlled T cells first appeared,as did bone marrow-derived B cells(first found in amphibians with long bones).These were the precursors of the plasma cells that synthesize and secrete *** the concept of self/non-self,invertebrates possess natural,non-adaptive,innate,non-clonal,non-anticipatory immune responses,whereas vertebrates possess adaptive,acquired,clonal,and anticipatory *** symposium concerns:(i)aspects of the immune spectrum in representative groups;(ii)specific findings(in particular models;***);(iii)clues as to the possible biomedical application of relevant molecules derived from animals,notably invertebrates;and(iv)some views on the more practical applications of understanding immune systems of invertebrates and ectotherms,and their possible role in survival.

关键词： adaptive immunity immunology innate invertebrates

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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： Joseph edwin Kanu Jonathan Soldera Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric *** *** is crucial for treating and preventing these *** conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPi)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression *** competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for *** *** used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for *** *** To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating *** *** This study,following PRiSMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLiNE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPis in eradicating *** were *** criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference *** variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and *** eradication method were gathered by two independent ***-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were *** A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search ***,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPi triple *** intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention g

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DELiVERiNG SUSTAiNABLE BUiLDiNG ENERGY EFFiCENCY RETROFiT USiNG THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTiNG(EPC)iN CHiNA

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第1期8卷 177-190页

作者： Pengpeng Xu edwin H.W.Chan Patrick T.i.Lam international Research Center of Sustainable Built Environment The Faculty of Construction Management and Real EstateChongqing UniversityChongqingChina Building and Real Estate Department The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong S.A.R.China

Sustainable building has become a future development trend in the building *** Energy Efficiency Retrofit(BEER)provides excellent opportunities to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings,and to promote environmental protection,the rational use of resources,occupants’health,all of which helps to improve the sustainability of existing *** Performance Contracting(EPC)provided by Energy Service Companies(ESCOs)is a market mechanism to provide financial and technological support for energy efficiency *** paper aims to develop a sustainability promotion framework for BEER projects under the EPC mechanism to link the sustainable performance of BEER with the success factors of this EPC *** types of building have different energy consumption *** research focuses on hotel buildings in *** paper develops a framework for sustainable BEER through an EPC mechanism in hotel buildings based on the EFQM Excellence Model for business quality *** were conducted with experts from the hotel industry,from energy service companies and with *** on the developed framework,the study has identified 11 performance indicators for sustainable BEER and 28 success factors of an EPC *** provides significant groundwork for future study in developing an assessment model to evaluate the sustainability of BEER projects.

关键词： building energy efficiency hotel retrofit energy performance contracting(EPC) ESCO China

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Bayesian data analysis to quantify the uncertainty of intact rock strength

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第1期10卷 11-31页

作者： Luis Fernando Contreras edwin T.Brown Marc Ruest The University of Queensland St Lucia CampusBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Golder Associates Pty.Ltd. BrisbaneAustralia

One of the main difficulties in the geotechnical design process lies in dealing with uncertainty. Uncertainty is associated with natural variation of properties, and the imprecision and unpredictability caused by insufficient information on parameters or models. Probabilistic methods are normally used to quantify uncertainty. However, the frequentist approach commonly used for this purpose has some ***, it lacks a formal framework for incorporating knowledge not represented by data. Second, it has limitations in providing a proper measure of the confidence of parameters inferred from data. The Bayesian approach offers a better framework for treating uncertainty in geotechnical design. The advantages of the Bayesian approach for uncertainty quantification are highlighted in this paper with the Bayesian regression analysis of laboratory test data to infer the intact rock strength parameters σand mused in the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Two case examples are used to illustrate different aspects of the Bayesian methodology and to contrast the approach with a frequentist approach represented by the nonlinear least squares(NLLS) method. The paper discusses the use of a Student’s t-distribution versus a normal distribution to handle outliers, the consideration of absolute versus relative residuals, and the comparison of quality of fitting results based on standard errors and Bayes factors. Uncertainty quantification with confidence and prediction intervals of the frequentist approach is compared with that based on scatter plots and bands of fitted envelopes of the Bayesian approach. Finally, the Bayesian method is extended to consider two improvements of the fitting analysis. The first is the case in which the Hoek-Brown parameter, a, is treated as a variable to improve the fitting in the triaxial region. The second is the incorporation of the uncertainty in the estimation of the direct tensile strength from Brazilian test results within the overall evaluati

关键词： Uncertainty intact rock strength Bayesian analysis Hoek-Brown criterion

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Performance bounds for Nash equilibria in submodular utility systems with user groups

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Journal of Control and Decision 2018年第1期5卷 1-18页

作者： Yajing Liu edwin K.P.Chong Ali Pezeshki Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering&Department of Mathematics Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA

it is shown that for a valid non-cooperative utility system,if the social utility function is submodular,then any Nash equilibrium achieves at least 1/2 of the optimal social utility,subject to a function-dependent additive ***,if the social utility function is nondecreasing and submodular,then any Nash equilibrium achieves at least 1/(1+c)of the optimal social utility,where c is the curvature of the social utility *** this paper,we consider variations of the utility system considered by Vetta,in which users are grouped *** aim is to establish how grouping and cooperation among users affect performance *** consider two types of *** first type is from a previous paper,where each user belongs to a group of users having social ties with *** this type of utility system,each user’s strategy maximises its social group utility function,giving rise to the notion of social-aware Nash *** prove that this social utility system yields to the bounding results of Vetta for non-cooperative system,thus establishing provable performance guarantees for the social-aware Nash *** the second type of grouping we consider,the set of users is partitioned into l disjoint groups,where the users within a group cooperate to maximise their group utility function,giving rise to the notion of group Nash *** this case,each group can be viewed as a new user with vector-valued actions,and a 1/2 bound for the performance of group Nash equilibria follows from the result of *** as we show tighter bounds involving curvature can be *** defining the group curvature cki associated with group i with ki users,we show that if the social utility function is nondecreasing and submodular,then any group Nash equilibrium achieves at least 1/(1+max1≤i≤l cki)of the optimal social utility,which is tighter than that for the case without *** a special case,if each user has the same action space,then we have that any g

关键词： Group Nash equilibrium social-aware Nash equilibrium submodularity utility system

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