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The Signatures of Acid Concentration on the Optical Band Gap and Associated Band Tails of Chitosan from Shrimp for Application in Optoelectronic Devices

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2022年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： edwin atego John O. Agumba Godfrey O. Barasa Department of Physical Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST) Bondo Kenya

Over the recent years, the global increase of electronic wastes from electrical and electronic devices (e-wastes) has been on an alarming trend in quantity and toxicity and e-wastes are non-biodegradable resulting in its cumulative increase over time. Changes in technology and unrestricted regional movement of electrical devices have facilitated the generation of more e-wastes leading to high levels of air, soil and water pollution. To address these challenges, biodegradable organic components such as chitosan have been used to replace their inorganic counterparts for optoelectronic device applications. However, in-depth knowledge on how such materials can be used to tune the optical properties of their hybrid semiconductors is unrivaled. Thus, systematic studies of the interplay between the preparation methods and optical band gap and Urbach energy of such organic components are vital. This study has thus been dedicated to map out the effect of acid concentrations during chitosan extraction on the corresponding optical band gap and Urbach energy with a view to improving its applications in optoelectronic devices. The, 1.0 to 2.5 molar hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used for 12 hours at room temperature during demineralization and 2.0 molar sodium hydroxide (NaOH) during deprotonation processes. The absorbance spectrum of the samples was collected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and band gap energies were analyzed by performing Tauc’s plot. This study revealed that the energy band gap of chitosan extracted from 1 M HCl, 1.5 M HCl, 2.0 M HCl and 2.5 M HCl were 3.72 eV, 3.50 eV, 3.45 eV and 3.36 eV respectively. Furthermore,

关键词： Chitosa Optical Band Gap Urbach Energy Absorbance Spectrum Tauc Plot

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Judicial Facility Upgrade China-assisted state-of-the-art judicial complex construction in Malawi to speed up court processes

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ChinAfrica 2025年第1期17卷 40-41页

作者： edwin NYIRONGO 不详

A shortage of courtrooms has long been a challenge in Malawi,especially since more judges were hired to help to streamline the country’s judicial ***,while the current judiciary is headquartered in the country’s second-largest city of Blantyre,due to a lack of work space;some sections of the judiciary are located elsewhere,such as the juvenile,commercial and industrial courts.

关键词： law judicial court

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Nanoscale 3D ordered polymer networks

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 25-32页

作者： edwin L. Thomas Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX 77030 USA

Structures having nanoscale 3D geometries are valuable as multifunctional materials, where multi-continuous microphases can synergistically influence mechanical, optical, transport and other properties. Such very high interface surface to volume ratio structures occur in a variety of materials including natural materials such as butter fly wings and sea urchin exoskeletons and in synthetic self-assembled structures such as surfactant/water systems and block polymers. Quantitative morphological characterization of such complex geometric structures is quite challenging. Unit cell sizes range from 10-300 nm with corresponding feature sizes on the 2-50 nm scale. Since these nanoscale network structures are bicontinuous, when one constituent is removed, the structure is still self supporting. Removal of one component produces a nanoporous material that may be in-filled with another component, or the surfaces of the nanopores can be coated with ultra-thin layers by atomic layer deposition to offer multiftmctional capabilities. Due to the ability to individually tailor the properties of the network（s） and matrix, for example, to create strong dielectric or impedance contrast, such spatially periodic structures are excellent for the interference of waves （electromagnetic for photonic applications and acoustic for phononic applications） that can lead to bandgaps and hence the control of wave propagation in the material. This mini-review will focus on networks formed by bottom up self assembly of block polymers. In addition to structural issues, we emphasize the special physical properties related to bi- or tri-continuous networks.

关键词： self assembly block polymer network morphologies bicontinuous

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Data fusion and sensor selection from imperfect sources with regards to the operating environment

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2013年第4期6卷 358-369页

作者： edwin El-Mahassni ISRD 200 Labs EdinburghAustralia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to extend the work of fusing sensors with a Bayesian method to incorporate the sensor’s reliability with regard to their operating *** results are then to be used with the expected decision formula,conditional entropy and mutual information for suboptimally selecting which types of sensors should be fused where there are operational ***/methodology/approach–The approach is an extension of previous work incorporating an environment *** expected decision formula then forms the basis for sensor ***–The author found that the performance of the sensors is correlated to the environment of operation,given that the likelihood of error will be higher in a difficult terrain than would otherwise be the ***,the author also shows the sensors for fusion will vary if the author knows specifically which terrain the sensors will be operating *** limitations/implications–The author notes that in order for this technique to be effective,a proper understanding of the limitations of the sensors,possible terrain types and targets have to be *** implications–The practical implication of this work is the ability to assess the performance of fused sensors according to the environment or terrain they might be operating under,thus providing a greater level of sensitivity than would otherwise be the ***/value–The author has extended previous ideas on sensor fusion from imprecise and uncertain sources using a Bayesian technique,as well as developed techniques regarding which sensors should be chosen for fusion given payload or other constraints.

关键词： Decision theory Information fusion

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Dietary free fatty acids complex with amylose creating another form of resistant starch: Gastrointestinal formation with fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1124-1132页

作者： edwin T.Moran Jr. Poultry Science Department Auburn UniversityAL36849-5416USA

Fat added to poultry and swine feeds often contains abundant free fatty acids(FFA)that can impair digestible energy(DE).Placement of the fatty acid(FA)hydrocarbon chain in the helix core reformed from amylose creates a complex of both *** modifications create a new structure termed the V-helix that becomes resistant toα-*** in grain naturally contain minimal amounts of these complexes with more being generated during food manufacturing when moisture and heat release amylose in the presence of FFA.A paucity of FFA usually exists in complete feeds without sources of poorquality *** fats and by-product meals from rendering are prominent in their saturated FFA content which favorably complex within the helix.V-helix-FA complexes may arise during their concurrent encounter of FFA together with amylose during feed manufacture,particularly *** in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)are speculated to further form complexes when present together with *** amylose may be dissolved in the gastric and small intestinal milieu,FFA separately coalesce into hydrophobic fat droplets along with other dietary *** of complexes is likely restricted until FFA are released into the aqueous phase during fat ***α-amylase may be prominent,V-helix-FA complexes being resistant to enzymic attack pass into the large *** microbial catabolism of V-helices may generate volatile fatty acids that are absorbed by the mucosa;however,an inability to use FFA once released leads to their excretion and basis for decreased *** microbial populations with young animals usually lack the capacity to fully catabolize the V-helix,further extending the loss in DE.

关键词： Amylose Digestible energy Free fatty acid Feed manufacture

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Socio-ecological dynamics and challenges to the governance of Neglected Tropical Disease control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 302-314页

作者： edwin Michael Shirin Madon Eck Institute for Global Health Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameUSA Department of International Development London School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK Department of Management London School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK

The current global attempts to control the so-called“Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)”have the potential to significantly reduce the morbidity suffered by some of the world’s poorest ***,the governance of these control programmes is driven by a managerial rationality that assumes predictability of proposed interventions,and which thus primarily seeks to improve the cost-effectiveness of implementation by measuring performance in terms of pre-determined ***,we argue that this approach has reinforced the narrow normal-science model for controlling parasitic diseases,and in doing so fails to address the complex dynamics,uncertainty and socio-ecological context-specificity that invariably underlie parasite *** suggest that a new governance approach is required that draws on a combination of non-equilibrium thinking about the operation of complex,adaptive,systems from the natural sciences and constructivist social science perspectives that view the accumulation of scientific knowledge as contingent on historical interests and norms,if more effective control approaches sufficiently sensitive to local disease contexts are to be devised,applied and *** the core of this approach is an emphasis on the need for a process that assists with the inclusion of diverse perspectives,social learning and deliberation,and a reflexive approach to addressing system complexity and incertitude,while balancing this flexibility with stability-focused *** derive and discuss a possible governance framework and outline an organizational structure that could be used to effectively deal with the complexity of accomplishing global NTD *** also point to examples of complexity-based management structures that have been used in parasite control previously,which could serve as practical templates for developing similar governance structures to better manage global NTD *** results hold important wider implications for global health po

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Lymphatic filariasis Schistosomiasis Malaria Smallpox Socio-ecological dynamics Complex dynamical systems Normal science paradigm Organizational theory Complexity-based governance

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Comparative immunology

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 32-43页

作者： edwin L.COOPER Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology Department of NeurobiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

As a discipline,comparative immunology enhances zoology and has gained wide acceptance in the biological *** is an offshoot of the parent field,immunology,and is an amalgam of immunology and *** animals from protozoans to humans have solved the threat of extinction by having evolved an immune-defense strategy that ensures the capacity to react against foreign,non-self microorganisms and cancers that disturb the homeostatic ***-type innate immune responses evolved first and they characterize the *** rapid natural responses act immediately and are often essential for the occurrence of slower,more specific,adaptive vertebratetype immune *** components of the innate immune system,there is an emphasis on several major steps in the evolutionary process:(i)recognition;(ii)the phagocytic cell;and(iii)the natural killer *** vertebrates evolved,beginning with fish,thymus-controlled T cells first appeared,as did bone marrow-derived B cells(first found in amphibians with long bones).These were the precursors of the plasma cells that synthesize and secrete *** the concept of self/non-self,invertebrates possess natural,non-adaptive,innate,non-clonal,non-anticipatory immune responses,whereas vertebrates possess adaptive,acquired,clonal,and anticipatory *** symposium concerns:(i)aspects of the immune spectrum in representative groups;(ii)specific findings(in particular models;***);(iii)clues as to the possible biomedical application of relevant molecules derived from animals,notably invertebrates;and(iv)some views on the more practical applications of understanding immune systems of invertebrates and ectotherms,and their possible role in survival.

关键词： adaptive immunity immunology innate invertebrates

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Photolysis of a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a] pyrene at ultra-trace levels in natural water with disinfection purposes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第6期32卷 79-94页

作者： Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente edwin Chica Gustavo A.Penuela Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud.Universidad Catolica de Murcia(UCAM) Murcia 30107Spain Grupo GDCON Facultad de IngenieriaSede de Investigaciones Universitarias(SIU)Universidad de Antioquia(UdeA)Medellín 050010Colombia Facultad de Ingenieria Tecnologico de Antioquia-Institucion Universitaria(TdeA)Medellín 050034Colombia Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica Facultad de IngenieriaUniversidad de Antioquia(UdeA)Medellín 050010Colombia

The photodegradation of anthracene(AN)and benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),two priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),was examined at ultra-trace levels in surface water to elucidate their behaviour under several irradiance values and types of *** emitting flux and the spectrum of the lamps were found to develop a crucial role in AN and BaP degradation since removal efficiencies of the target contaminants higher than 99%were found after 15 min of irradiation under an ultraviolet C(UVC)irradiance of 0.63 mW/cm^2,corresponding to a fluence of 560.25 mJ/cm^*** the other hand,although ultraviolet A(UVA)lamps exhibited a higher irradiance compared to that of UVC lamps,they were not efficient for degrading the target *** removal kinetic studies corroborated these findings,being the AN elimination rate in surface water higher than that in deionized water at optimal operating *** potential was also measured.A rapid microbial load inactivation,in terms of total coliforms naturally contained in the water matrix studied,was evidenced within 15 min of treatment for the fluence ***,after 24 hr in the dark,a regrowth was ***,photolysis products more toxic than the parent compounds were found,which were not removed even by extending the treatment *** this regard,it can be concluded that the individual action of UVC light for removing AN and BaP with disinfection purposes is not an efficient treatment;therefore,the use of radiation in combination with other kinds of treatments is required.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Photolysis Matrix constituent Intermediate product Disinfection Regrowth

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A Survey of Multi-robot Regular and Adversarial Patrolling

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第4期6卷 894-903页

作者： Li Huang MengChu Zhou Kuangrong Hao edwin Hou IEEE the Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile and Apparel Technology Ministry of Educationand the College of Information Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07032 the Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Multi-robot systems can be applied to patrol a concerned environment for security *** to different goals,this work reviews the existing researches in a multi-robot patrolling field from the perspectives of regular and adversarial *** patrolling requires robots to visit important locations as frequently as possible and a series of deterministic strategies are proposed,while adversarial one focuses on unpredictable robots’moving patterns to maximize adversary detection *** each category,a systematic survey is done including problem statements and modeling,patrolling objectives and evaluation criteria,and representative patrolling strategies and *** problems and open questions are presented accordingly.

关键词： Multi-robot systems regular patrolling adversarial patrolling coordination methods surveillance

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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： Joseph edwin Kanu Jonathan Soldera Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric *** *** is crucial for treating and preventing these *** conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression *** competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for *** *** used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for *** *** To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating *** *** This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating *** were *** criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference *** variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and *** eradication method were gathered by two independent ***-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were *** A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search ***,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple *** intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention g

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

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