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Demonstr.tion of Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of Single Wall Car.on Nanotubes by NMr.Spectr.scopy:Side Chain Length Dependence on the Obser.ation of the Sidewall sp^(3)Car.ons

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Nano r.sear.h 2008年第1期1卷 72-88页

作者： Liling Zeng Lawr.nce B.Alemany Chr.stopher.L.edwards Andr.w r.Bar.on r.char. E.Smalley Institute for.Nanoscale Science and Technology and Depar.ment of Chemistr. Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

Car.oxylic acid-functionalized single walled car.on nanotubes(SWNTs)pr.par.d via the r.action of an amino acid,NH2(CH2)nCO2H wher. n=1(glycine,GLY),5(6-aminohexanoic acid,AHA),10(11-aminoundecanoic acid,AUDA),with fl uor.nated single walled car.on nanotubes(F-SWNTs)have been char.cter.zed by MAS 13C NMr.*** ease of obser.ing the aliphatic CH2 gr.ups and the r.solution of the signal ar. dependent on the length of the amino acid’s aliphatic *** have pr.posed that wher. substituent chains ar. shor.(making NMr.data collection difficult)chemical modification to extend the chain length should alleviate analysis *** this r.gar.,we have investigated the ester.fi cation of the car.oxylic acid *** amino acid-functionalized SWNTs wer. ester.fied with an appr.pr.ate alcohol to ensur. par.ty of the over.ll substituent length,i.e.,GLY-SWNT(C1)+1-dodecanol(C_(12))=DOD-GLY-SWNT(1),AHA-SWNT(C_(5))+1-octanol(C_(8))=OCT-AHA-SWNT(2),and AUDA-SWNT(C_(10))+1-pr.panol(C_(3))=Pr.-AUDA-SWNT(3).The 13C NMr.shift for.the sp3 nitr.gen-substituted car.on atoms of the SWNT sidewall is obser.ed atδ≈75 *** the length of SWNT sidewall functional gr.ups enhances the ability to obser.e the sidewall sp^(3)*** methylene car.on signal intensity is less attenuated in the dipolar.dephasing spectr.m of the ester.functionalized SWNTs than their.associated amino acid der.vatives,suggesting mor. motional fr.edom of the side chain in the solid *** confi r.ation of the dipolar.dephasing spectr.l effects was assisted by the char.cter.zation of the ester.of AUDA-SWNT with 1,3-pr.panediol:PPD-AUDA-SWNT(4).

关键词： Single walled car.on nanotube(SWNT) nuclear.magnetic r.sonance(NMr. ester.fication amino acid functionalization

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Str.ctur.-Based Deadlock Checking of Asynchr.nous Cir.uits

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Jour.al of Computer.Science & Technology 2011年第6期26卷 1031-1040页

作者：任洪广王志英 Doug edwards School of Computer National University of Defense Technology CCF ACM IEEE School of Computer.Science University of Manchester

It is impor.ant to ver.fy the absence of deadlocks in asynchr.nous cir.uits. Much pr.vious wor. r.lies on a r.achability analysis of the cir.uits＇ states, with the use of binar. decision diagr.ms （BDDs） or.Petr. nets to model the behavior. of cir.uits. This paper.pr.sents an alter.ative appr.ach focusing on the str.ctur.l pr.per.ies of well-for.ed asynchr.nous cir.uits that will never.suffer.deadlocks. A class of data-dr.ven asynchr.nous pipelines is tar.eted in this paper. which can be viewed as a networ. of basic components connected by handshake channels. The sufficient and necessar. conditions for.a component networ. consisting of Steer. Mer.e, For. and Join ar. given. The slack elasticity of the channels is analyzed in or.er.to intr.duce pipelining. As an application, a deadlock checking method is implemented in a syntax-dir.cted asynchr.nous design tool Team The pr.posed method shows a gr.at r.ntime advantage when compar.d against pr.vious Petr. net based ver.fication tools.

关键词： asynchr.nous pipeline data-dr.ven deadlock ver.fication

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Mesoscience: explor.ng the common pr.nciple at mesoscales

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National Science r.view 2018年第3期5卷 321-326页

作者： Wenlai Huang Jinghai Li Peter.P.edwards State Key Labor.tor. of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Depar.ment of Chemistr. University of Oxford

BACKGr.UND OF THE EMEr.ING MESOSCIENCE In studying a complex system in science,engineer.ng or.society,we usually obser.e its macr.scale(system-scale)behavior.fir.t,then go deep into mechanisms at the micr.scale(unit-scale)and finally tr. to cor.elate these two scales to r.ach a complete ***,it is incr.asingly r.cognized that cor.elating these two scales is quite difficult,and some common pr.nciples ar. inevitably missing in between these two extr.ma[1,2].

关键词： Mesoscience explor.ng the common pr.nciple at mesoscales

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The Homo sapiens Cave hominin site of Mulan Mountain,Jiangzhou Distr.ct,Chongzuo,Guangxi with emphasis on its age

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第21期54卷 3848-3856页

作者： JIN ChangZhu PAN WenShi ZHANG YingQi CAI YanJun XU QinQi TANG ZhiLu WANG Wei WANG Yuan LIU JinYi QIN DaGong r. Lawr.nce edwards CHENG Hai Key Labor.tor. of Evolutionar. Systematics of Ver.ebr.tes Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of Ear.h Envir.nment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Natur.l Histor. Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous r.gion Nanning 530012 China Depar.ment of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

One of the most hotly debated and fr.ntal issues in paleoanthr.pology focuses on the or.gins of moder. humans. r.cently, an incomplete hominin mandible with a distinctly weaker.mental pr.tuber.nce than moder. human and a gr.at var.ety of coexisting fossil mammals wer. unear.hed fr.m the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain, Chongzuo, Guangxi. The mammalian fauna fr.m the Homo sapiens Cave char.cter.zed by the combination of Elephas kiangnanensis, fir.t occur.ing Elephas maixmus, and Megatapir.s augustus, and str.kingly differ.nt fr.m the Ear.y Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna and the Middle Pleistocene Ailur.poda-Stogodon fauna of South China could be r.gar.ed as an ear.y r.pr.sentive of the typical Asian elephant fauna. Faunal analysis, biostr.tigr.phic cor.elation, and, most impor.antly, U-ser.es dating all consistently suppor. an estimate of ca. 110 ka for.the age of the fossil Homo sapiens and coexisting mammalian fauna, that is, the ear.y Late Pleistocene. The fauna is mainly made up of tr.pical-subtr.pical elements, but gr.ssland elements have a much gr.ater.var.ety than for.st elements, which pr.bably indicates a dr.er.climate at that time. This discover. of ear.y Homo sapiens at the Mulan Mountain will play a significant r.le in the study of the or.gin and its envir.nmental backgr.und of moder. humans.

关键词：早期智人木兰人族广西年龄现代人类起源哺乳动物化石哺乳动物群

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Gr.at flood in the middle-lower.Yellow r.ver.r.aches at 4000 a BP infer.ed fr.m accur.tely-dated stalagmite r.cor.s

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Science Bulletin 2018年第4期63卷 206-208页

作者： Liangcheng Tan Chuan-Chou Shen Yanjun Cai Hai Cheng r.Lawr.nce edwards State Key Labor.tor. of Loess and Quater.ar. Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Open Studio for.Oceanic-Continental Climate and Envir.nment Changes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Institute of Global Envir.nmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong University High-Pr.cision Mass Spectr.metr. and Envir.nment Change Labor.tor. (HISPEC) Department of Geosciences Taiwan University Depar.ment of Ear.h Sciences University of Minnesota

r.cently,Wu et al.[1]suggested an ear.hquake-induced landslide dam outbur.t flood on the easter. Tibetan Plateau at 1920BCE(3870 a BP,BP denotes year.befor. 1950 CE)caused the Gr.at Flood in the middle-lower.Yellow r.ver.r.aches,and r.sulted in the founding of Xia Dynasty at 3850 a *** age is$150–300younger.than the pr.viously estimated age of the Xia Dynasty[2].While the geological evidence of the outbur.t flood。

关键词：石笋记录活动范围大洪水 BP 黄河黄土高原 BCE 幻灯片

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Joint Contact For.es with Changes in r.nning Str.de Length and Midsole Stiffness

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Jour.al of Science in Spor. and Exer.ise 2020年第1期2卷 69-76页

作者： Joshua M.Thomas WBr.nt edwards Timothy r.Der.ick Depar.ment of Health Wellnessand SportUniversity of DubuqueDubuqueIA 52001USA Human Per.or.ance Labor.tor. Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Depar.ment of Kinesiology Iowa State University111L Forker BuildingAmesIA 50011USA

The pur.ose of this study was to deter.ine if lower.extr.mity joint loading was influenced by str.de length or.shoe midsole *** subjects completed 10 tr.als of over.r.und r.nning at an aver.ge speed of 4.43 m/s in each of thr.e condi-tions:nor.al r.nning,r.nning with a str.de length(SL)r.duced by 10%of nor.al,and r.nning with a cushioned midsole stiffness(i.e.,mechanical impact r.duction of 13.7-10.9 g).r.action for.es calculated fr.m inver.e dynamics wer. summed with muscle for.es estimated fr.m a musculoskeletal model using static optimization to obtain joint contact for.es at the hip,knee and ankle *** components of the contact for.es[axial,anter.or.poster.or.and medial-later.l(ML)]wer. examined using par.metr.c statistics(α=0.05).r.ducing str.de length r.sulted in significant decr.ases in absolute peak ankle contact for.es in the axial dir.ction(nor.al:-14.5±1.5 BW;r.duced SL:-14.0±1.6 BW)and the ML dir.ction(nor.al:0.67±0.23 BW;r.duced SL:0.61±0.21 BW).r.ducing str.de length also r.duced the peak absolute axial for.es at the knee(nor.al:-10.6±1.3 BW;r.duced SL:-9.8±1.2 BW)and the hip(nor.al:-7.26±2.24 BW;r.duced SL:-6.75±2.10 BW).The cushioned shoe did not statistically r.duce the peak absolute contact for.es fr.m the nor.al str.de condition at any of the *** hoc str.ss analysis suggested that the obser.ed changes in anter.or.hip for.e would incr.ase str.ss mor. than any of the other.statistically significant *** in str.de length appear.to decr.ase some joint contact var.ables but cushioning in the heel r.gion of the shoe does not.

关键词： Gait Injur. Compr.ssive for.e Shear.for.e Cushioning Str.in

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Measur.ng Natur.l Hazar.-r.lated Disaster. thr.ugh Self-r.por.s

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Disaster.r.sk Science 2021年第4期12卷 540-552页

作者： Ben edwards Matthew Gr.y Judith B.Bor.a Centr. for.Social r.sear.h and Methods Australian National UniversityCanberra2601Australia Univer.ity of San Car.os–Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc.(USC-OPS)6000Cebu CityPhilippines

Exposur. to multiple natur.l hazar.-r.lated disaster. will become mor. common due to climate *** ar.icle r.por.s on the development and validation of a cumulative measur. of exposur. to natur.l hazar.-r.lated disaster.(2013–2017)at the ar.a level,and an individual-level measur. of disaster.impact using data fr.m the Longitudinal Cohor. Study on the Filipino Child and linked data fr.m the Inter.ational Disaster.Database(EM-DAT).Car.giver.r.por.s of cumulative exposur. to disaster. had statistically significant associations with disaster. r.por.ed by neighbor.ood officials and with disaster. in *** ecometr.c techniques we gener.ted a r.liable community aver.ge measur. of exposur. to natur.l hazar.-r.lated *** on neighbor.but not individual self-r.por.s this exogenous measur. of disaster.exposur. in the local ar.a was mor. str.ngly r.lated to EM-DAT and official neighbor.ood r.por.s than individual *** captur. household var.ation we developed an individual-level measur. of disaster.*** impact was associated with measur.s of exposur.(individual and community aver.ge),community r.tings by officials,and EM-DAT but only moder.tely associated with the community aver.ge *** the community aver.ge and disaster.impacts measur.s wer. associated with household income and the adequacy of income in households.

关键词： Disaster.exposur. Measur.ng disaster. Philippines Socioeconomic impacts Social sur.eys Subjective indicator.

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An annually laminated stalagmite fr.m the easter. Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau pr.vides evidence of climate instability dur.ng the ear.y MIS5e in the Asian summer.monsoon

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Science China Ear.h Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 1147-1164页

作者： Tao GAO Pingzhong ZHANG Hai CHENG Leilei ZHANG Xinhu LI Hongyu SHI Wei JIA Youfeng NING Hanying LI r.Lawr.nce edwards Key Labor.tor. of Miner.l r.sour.es in Wester. China(Gansu Pr.vince)and School of Ear.h Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Global Envir.nmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710054China Depar.ment of Ear.h Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis55455USA

The Mar.ne Isotope Stage(MIS5e)is char.cter.zed by a war.er.climate than that of the pr.-industr.al per.od,and ser.es as an analog for.the Cur.ent War. Per.od(CWP).However.uncer.ainties per.ist r.gar.ing its climatic ***,we r.tr.eved a stalagmite(WXB075)fr.m Wanxiang Cave in the easter. Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and employed abs-olute^(230)Th dating and r.lative annual layer.data to establish a high-pr.cision chr.nological fr.mewor. for.r.constr.cting the histor. of the Asian summer.monsoon(ASM)and envir.nmental evolution dur.ng ear.y MIS5e with multiple *** findings indicate that the annually laminated stalagmite was for.ed dur.ng Cooling Event 27(C27).The deposition of WXB075 exper.enced a hiatus(~125.58 ka BP)due to a significant cooling event in the Nor.h Atlantic,which may be linked to the unstable climate in the Nor.her. ***,the impact of meltwater.dischar.e in high nor.her. latitudes r.sults in a two-phase evolution of the ASM,i.e.,an initial weaker.stage followed by a gr.dual incr.ase(with exception of deposition hiatus).The climatic instability of ASM is gener.lly char.cter.zed by a quasi-60 year.cycle that affects vegetation conditions,biological pr.ductivity,and kar.t hydr.climate ***,the incr.ase in meltwater.and decr.ase in temper.tur. in the Nor.her. Hemispher. have led to a weakened ASM and subsequent r.duction in ***,vegetation degr.dation above the cave has occur.ed along with a slowdown of kar.t *** vegetation conditions,or.anic matter.content,and wet/dr.ught of the kar.t hydr.climate wer. affected by both the lar.e-scale monsoon cir.ulation and local envir.nment dur.ng extr.me weakening(str.ngthening)of the monsoon when high-fr.quency climatic events of ASM occur.ed.A compar.son ofδ^(18)O r.cor.s between ear.y MIS5e and the past 2000 year. r.veals that the climate dur.ng ear.y MIS5e differ.d significantly fr.m that of CWP,Medieval War. Per.od(MWP),and Dar. Age Co

关键词： Easter. Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Climate instability Wanxiang Cave stalagmite Asian summer.monsoon Envir.nmental r.sponse Deposition hiatus

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r.sear.h on encoding and decoding of non-binar. polar.codes over.GF(2m)

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Digital Communications and Networ.s 2022年第3期8卷 359-372页

作者： Shufeng Li Mingyu Cai r.ber. edwards Yao Sun Libiao Jin The State Key Labor.tor. of Media Conver.ence and Communication School of Information and EngineeringCommunication University of ChinaBeijing100024China The Wolfson School of Mechanical Electr.cal and Manufactur.ng Engineer.ng Loughborough UniversityLeicestershireLE113TEUK James Watt School of Engineer.ng University of GlasgowG128QQScotlandUK

Binar. Polar.Codes (BPCs) have advantages of high-efficiency and capacity-achieving but suffer.fr.m lar.e latency due to the Successive-Cancellation List (SCL) decoding. Non-Binar. Polar.Codes (NBPCs) have been investigated to obtain the per.or.ance gains and r.duce latency under.the implementation of par.llel ar.hitectur.s for.multi-bit decoding. However. most of the existing wor.s only focus on the r.ed-Solomon matr.x-based NBPCs and the pr.bability domain-based non-binar. polar.decoding, which lack flexible str.ctur. and have a lar.e computation amount in the decoding pr.cess, while little attention has been paid to gener.l non-binar. ker.el-based NBPCs and Log-Likelihood r.tio (LLr. based decoding methods. In this paper. we consider.a scheme of NBPCs with a gener.l str.ctur. over.GF(2m). Specifically, we pur.ue a detailed Monte-Car.o simulation implementation to deter.ine the constr.ction for.pr.posed NBPCs. For.non-binar. polar.decoding, an SCL decoding based on LLr. is pr.posed for.NBPCs, which can be implemented with non-binar. ker.els of ar.itr.r. size. Mor.over. we pr.pose a Per.ect Polar.zation-Based SCL (PPB-SCL) algor.thm based on LLr. to r.duce decoding complexity by der.ving a new update function of path metr.c for.NBPCs and eliminating the path splitting pr.cess at per.ect polar.zed (i.e., highly r.liable) positions. Simulation r.sults show that the bit er.or.r.te of the pr.posed NBPCs significantly outper.or.s that of BPCs. In addition, the pr.posed PPB-SCL decoding obtains about a 40% complexity r.duction of SCL decoding for.NBPCs.

关键词： Non-binar. polar.code Log-likelihood r.tio Successive-cancellation list Per.ect polar.zation based-SCL Decoding complexity

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The tr.nspor. of chemical components in homogeneous snowpacks on Ur.mqi Glacier.No.1, easter. Tianshan Mountains, Centr.l Asia

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Jour.al of Ar.d Land 2015年第5期7卷 612-622页

作者： YOU Xiaoni LI Zhongqin r.ss edwards WANG Lixia Key Labor.tor. of Cr.ospher. and Envir.nment/Tianshan Glaciological Station/Labor.tor. of Ice Cor. and Cold r.gions Envir.nment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianshui Nor.al Univer.ity Imaging and Applied Physics Curtin University of Technology

Chemical r.cor.s fr.m alpine ice cor.s pr.vide an invaluable sour.e of paleoclimatic and envir.n- mental infor.ation. Not only the atmospher.c chemical composition but also depositional and post-depositional pr.cesses ar. r.cor.ed within snow/tim str.ta. To inter.r.t the envir.nmental and climatic significance of ice cor. r.cor.s, we studied the var.ability of glacier.snowpack chemistr. by investigating homogeneous snowpacks fr.m October.2003 to September.2006 on Ur.mqi Glacier.No. 1 in easter. Tianshan Mountains, Centr.l Asia. Pr.nciple Component Analysis of ionic species in dr. and wet seasons r.vealed the impact of meltwater.in r.distr.buting ions in the snowpacks. The 1st, 2nd and 3r. pr.nciple components for.dr. seasons differ.significantly, r.flecting complex associations between depositional or.and post-depositional pr.cesses. The var.ability tr.nd of ionic concentr.tions dur.ng the wet seasons was found to fit a Gauss Function with significant par.meter.. The elution factor.r.vealed that mor. than half of ions ar. leached out dur.ng the wet seasons. Differ.nces with r.spect to ion snowpack mo- bility wer. found. Of the ions studied SO42- was the most mobile and Mg2＋ the least mobile. A thr.shold r.lationship between air.temper.tur.s and the elution pr.cess was investigated over.the study per.od. The r.sults indicate that the str.ng melt/ablation pr.cesses and iconic r.distr.bution occur.at a thr.shold air.temper.tur. of 0℃. The study found that sur.ace melt on the snowpacks is the main factor.causing the alter.tion of the snowpack chemistr.. r.infall also has an impact on the chemistr. but plays a less significant r.le than the sur.ace melt.

关键词： Ur.mqi Glacier.No. 1 snowpack meltwater air.temper.tur. pr.cipitation

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