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In vitro cl.nal.propagation of Achyranthes aspera l. and Achyranthes bidentata Bl.me using nodal.expl.nts

Asian Pacific Journal.of Tropical.Biomedicine 2012年第1期2卷 1-5页

作者： Wesel. edward Gnanaraj Johnson Marimuthu Mohanamathi RB Kavitha Marappampal.am Subramanian Department of Botany Arignar Anna Government Arts College Department of Pl.nt Biol.gy and Pl.nt Biotechnol.gy St. Xavier's College(Autonomous)Palayamkottai Centre for Biotechnol.gy Research Department of BiotechnologyMuthayammal College of Arts & Science

Objective:To devel.p the reproducibl. in vitro propagation protocol. for the medicinal.y important pl.nts viz.,Achyranthes aspera(***)*** Achyranthes bidentata(***)Bl.me using nodal.segments as ***:Young shoots of *** and *** were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distil.ed *** the expl.nts were surface steril.zed with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl.2 sol.tions for I *** rinsing with steril. distil.ed water for 3-4 times,nodal.segments were cut into smal.er segments(1 cm)and used as the *** expl.nts were pl.ced horizontal.y as wel. as vertical.y on sol.d basal.Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium suppl.mented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl.amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthal.ne acetic acid(NAA)and indol. acetic acid(IAA)for direct ***:Adventitious prol.feration was obtained from *** and *** nodal.segments inocul.ted on MS basal.medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied *** medium augmented with 3.0 mg/l.of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootl.ts formation for *** and(94.70±0.53)percentages for *** number of shoots/expl.nts(10.60±0.36)for *** and(9.50±0.56)for *** was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/l.of *** ***,maximum mean l.ngth(5.50±0.34)of shootl.ts was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/l.of Kin and for ***(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same *** highest percentage,maximum number of rootl.ts/shootl.t and mean l.ngth of rootl.ts were observed in 1/2 MS medium suppl.mented with 1.0 mg/l.of *** percentages of pl.nts were successful.y establ.shed in *** eight percentages of pl.nts were wel. establ.shed in the green house *** five percentages of pl.nts were establ.shed in the ***:The

关键词： In vitro Pl.nt regeneration Tissue cul.ure Nodal cul.ure Achyranthes aspera Achyranthes bidentata Cl.nal propagation Nodal expl.nt Reproducibl. MS medium Shoots BAP NAA IAA Kinetin Nodal segment Shootl.t Rootl.t

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Chamber Size Effects on Methane Emissions from Rice Production

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Open Journal.of Soil.Science 2015年第10期5卷 227-235页

作者： Al.en D. Smartt Kristofor R. Brye Christopher W. Rogers Richard J. Norman edward E. Gbur Jarrod T. Hardke Trent l. Roberts Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Department of Pl.nt Soil and Entomological Sciences University of Idaho Aberdeen USA Agricul.ural.Statistics l.boratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Stuttgart USA

Quantifying methane (CH4) emissions from cul.ivated rice (Oryza sativa l.) production in the fiel. has received increased attention recentl. due to methane’s importance as a greenhouse gas. The encl.sed-headspace chamber technique is the standard methodol.gy for fiel. assessments of trace gas emissions. However, to our knowl.dge, no direct comparisons of measured CH4 fl.xes and emissions from fiel.-grown rice among differing chamber sizes have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to eval.ate the effect of chamber size [15.2- and 30.4-cm inside diameter (id)] on CH4 fl.xes and season-l.ng emissions from rice grown on a cl.y soil.in Arkansas. Chamber size did not affect (P > 0.05) CH4 fl.xes on 10 sampl.ng dates during the fl.oded portion of the rice growing season and onl. affected fl.xes on one of four sampl.ng dates after fl.od rel.ase. Total.season-l.ng CH4 emissions from optimal.y N-fertil.zed rice were 32.6 and 35.6 kg CH4-C haǃ·seasonǃ, which did not differ, and from bare cl.y soil.were 0.74 and 1.75 kg CH4-C haǃ·seasonǃ, which al.o did not differ, from the 15.2- and 30.4-cm chambers, respectivel.. Chamber size (i.e., 15.2- or 30.4-cm id) did not resul. in differences in cumul.tive CH4 emissions from this fl.oded-rice study that was conducted on a Sharkey cl.y soil.in northeast Arkansas. Resul.s indicate that both 15.2- and 30.4-cm diameter chambers were simil.rl. adequate for measuring CH4 fl.xes and emissions from the cl.y soil.investigated. The simil.rity in emissions resul.s between chamber sizes al.o indicates that the 15.2-cm diameter chambers adequatel. facil.tated the quantification of CH4 emissions in this study.

关键词： Methane Emissions Rice Production Cl.y Soil Arkansas

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Passive behavior of gol. in sul.uric acid medium

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metal. Society of China 2015年第6期25卷 2037-2046页

作者：张伟 Ahmet Deniz BAS edward GHAl. Yeonuk CHOI Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringLaval University Barrick Gol. Corporation

Anodic behavior of pure Au as compared to pl.tinum （Pt） in H2SO4 sol.tions was considered by different el.ctrochemical.techniques for an appropriate insight. Cycl.c vol.ammetry studies showed two oxidation and one fil. reduction peaks for Au, whil. one oxygen evol.tion reaction for Pt. Increasing H2804 concentration （from 0.5 to 1 mol.l. caused 2-fol. increases in peak current density of Au. Increase in agitation promoted passive zone of Au, whil. it was negl.gibl. for Pt by potentiodynamic studies. Potentiostatic studies （2 h） at three anodic passive potential. in 1 mol.l.H2SO4 showed that the admittance of Au was found to be the l.west at 1.4 V. El.ctrochemical.noise measurements during the decay periods （16 h） after pol.rization showed that the thin passive fil. formed during potentiostatic pol.rization has been dissol.ed.

关键词： gol. passivation sul.uric acid el.ctrochemical.noise

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Mechanical.y induced Ca^(2+) oscil.ations in osteocytes rel.ase extracel.ul.r vesicl.s and enhance bone formation

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Bone Research 2018年第1期6卷 72-82页

作者： Andrea E.Morrel. Genevieve N.Brown Samuel.T.Robinson Rachel.l.Sattl.r Andrew D.Baik Gehua Zhen Xu Cao l.nda F.Bonewal. Weiyang Jin l.nce C.Kam X.edward Guo Bone Bioengineering l.boratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University Center for Muscul.skel.tal.Research Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University Indiana Center for Muscul.skel.tal.Heal.h Indiana University School of Medicine Microscal. Biocompl.xity l.boratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University

The vast osteocytic network is bel.eved to orchestrate bone metabol.c activity in response to mechanical.stimul. through production of scl.rostin, RANKl. and osteoprotegerin(OPG). However, the mechanisms of osteocyte mechanotransduction remain poorl. understood. We've previousl. shown that osteocyte mechanosensitivity is encoded through unique intracel.ul.r cal.ium (Ca^(2+) ) dynamics. Here, by simul.aneousl. monitoring Ca^(2+) and actin dynamics in singl. cel.s exposed to fl.id shear fl.w, we detected actin network contractions immediatel. upon onset of fl.w-induced Ca^(2+) transients, which were facil.tated by smooth muscl. myosin and further confirmed in native osteocytes ex vivo. Actomyosin contractions have been l.nked to the secretion of extracel.ul.r vesicl.s(EVs), and our studies demonstrate that mechanical.stimul.tion upregul.tes EV production in osteocytes through immunostaining for the secretory vesicl. marker l.sosomal.associated membrane protein 1(l.MP1) and quantifying EV rel.ase in conditioned medium, both of which are bl.nted when Ca^(2+) signal.ng was inhibited by neomycin. Axial.tibia compression was used to induce anabol.c bone formation responses in mice, reveal.ng upregul.ted l.MP1 and expected downregul.tion of scl.rostin in vivo. This l.ad-rel.ted increase in l.MP1 expression was inhibited in neomycin-injected mice compared to ***-computed tomography reveal.d significant l.ad-rel.ted increases in both trabecul.r bone vol.me fraction and cortical.thickness after two weeks of l.ading, which were bl.nted by neomycin treatment. In summary, we found mechanical.stimul.tion of osteocytes activates Ca^(2+) -dependent contractions and enhances the production and rel.ase of EVs containing bone regul.tory proteins. Further, bl.cking Ca^(2+) signal.ng significantl. attenuates adaptation to mechanical.l.ading in vivo, suggesting a critical.rol. for Ca^(2+) -mediated signal.ng in bone adaptation.

关键词： OPG conditioned medium Ca2+-dependent

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Bacterial.Transfer from Hands Whil. Eating Popcorn

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1333-1338页

作者： Kimberl. A. Baker Inyee Y. Han J. Bail.y l.uren Johnson edward Jones Amy Knight Mol.ye MacNaughton Peter Marvin Katherine Nol.n Rose Martinez-Dawson Paul.l. Dawson Department of Food Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Department of Mathematical.Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA

Popcorn is a very social.food, often shared with others and offered at many major sporting events, concerts, movies, and fairs. However, sharing may not be safe since microorganisms found on hands may be transferred onto the shared popcorn. This study was conducted to determine if bacteria are transferred from hands to popcorn during handl.ng. Over 30 sampl.ngs reveal.d that bacterial.transfer to popcorn from hands was very l.w;however transfer did occur with l.rge variation between subjects. Since hands and surfaces can carry bacteria in situations where food is being shared, transferring bacteria from one person to another person is al.ays a risk.

关键词： Component Popcorn Bacterial Transfer Food Safety Sharing Food

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Contribution of spontaneous l.type Ca^(2+) channel.activation to the genesis of Ca^(2+) sparks in resting cardiac myocytes

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Science China(l.fe Sciences) 2004年第1期47卷 31-37页

作者： edward G l.KATTA l.boratory of Cardiovascul.r Sciences National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD 21224 USA

Ca2+ sparks are the el.mentary events of intracel.ul.r Ca2+ rel.ase from the sar-copl.smic reticul.m in cardiac myocytes. In order to investigate whether spontaneous l.type Ca2+ channel.activation contributes to the genesis of spontaneous Ca2+ sparks, we used confocal.l.ser scanning microscopy and fl.o-4 to visual.ze l.cal.Ca2+ sparks in intact rat ventricul.r myocytes. In the presence of 0.2 mmol.l.CdCI2 which inhibits spontaneous l.type Ca2+ channel.activation, the rate of occurrence of spontaneous Ca2+ sparks was hal.ed from 4.20 to 2.04 events/(100 μm·s), with temporal.and spatial.properties of individual.Ca2+ sparks unchanged. Anal.sis of the Cd2+-sensitive spark production reveal.d an open probabil.ty of-10-5 for l.type channel. at the rest membrane potential. (-80 mV). Thus, infrequent and stochastic openings of sarcol.mmal.l.type Ca2+ channel. in resting heart cel.s contribute significantl. to the production of spontaneous Ca2+ sparks.

关键词： Ca2+ sparks, l.type Ca2+ channel., cardiac myocytes, confocal microscopy.

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Effect of partial.and compl.te repl.cement of soybean with discarded cashew nut (Anacardium occidental. l. on l.ver and stomach histol.gy of Cl.rias gariepinus (Burchel., 1822)

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Aquacul.ure and Fisheries 2020年第2期5卷 86-91页

作者： Emmanuel.O.Ogueji stanley C.Iheanacho Christian E.Mbah Abubakar J.Yaji Uchenna Ezemagu Department of Fisheries and Aquacul.ure Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike IkwoAbakaliki482131Nigeria Department of Zool.gy and Environmental.Biol.gy University of Nigeria NsukkaEnugu410110Nigeria Department of Zool.gy Ahmadu Bello University ZariaZaria810241Nigeria Department of Fisheries Modibbo Adama University of Technology YolaYola640101Nigeria Department of Anatomy Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike IkwoAbakaliki482131Nigeria

The need for repl.cement of highl. priced soybean meal.SM)in fish diets with unconventional.pl.nt material. has become imperative for the sustainabil.ty of aquacul.ure *** study addressed the effect of repl.cing SM with discarded cashew nut meal.DCNM)on the l.ver and stomach histol.gy in African catfish(Cl.rias gariepinus).Total.90 juvenil.s(24.83±1.52 g)were fed DCNM based diets,incl.sion l.vel.of 0,50%and 100%.Fish were fed twice dail.(8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.)at 5%body weight for 56 *** histol.gy of l.ver and the stomach were ***-morphol.gical.changes of the l.ver tissue were moderate at 100%DCNM fed fish compared to 50%DCNM and control.0 DCNM).Photomicrograph of stomach of 50%DCNM fed fish showed normal.histo-morphol.gical.features,whil. moderate to severe histol.gical.distortions were observed in the stomach of 100%DCNM fed *** findings of the present study showed that partial.50%)repl.cement of SM with DCNM had no adverse nutritional.consequence whil. total.100%)repl.cement of SM with DCNM in the diet of *** resul.ed to moderate histol.gical.distortions of the l.ver and stomach.

关键词： African catfish Discarded cashew nut meal Al.ernative protein source Histol.gy l.ver Stomach

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Mechanisms of action of l.ptin in preventing gastric ul.er

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2005年第27期11卷 4154-4160页

作者： edward O.Adeyemi Sal.m A.Bastaki Irwin S.Chandranath Mohammed Y.Hasan Mohammed Fahim Abdu Adem Department of Internal.Medicine Department of Pharmacol.gy Department of Physiol.gy

To investigate the effects of l.ptin （1-20μg/kg） on acidified ethanol.（AE）- and indomethacin （Indo）-induced gastric l.sions in rats and compare it with ranitidine, l.nsoprazol., and omeprazol. and to determine its mechanisms of ***： Gastric ul.ers, which were approximatel. 1 mm in width, formed in the gl.ndul.r portion of the gastric mucosa produced by oral.administration of either AE or Indo were taken as ul.er index. The inhibitory effect of subcutaneous administration of l.ptin, two proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） l.nsoprazol. and omeprazol., or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo was eval.ated.A radioimmunoassay was used to determine the PGE2 concentration in the homogenate of the gl.ndul.r portion of the stomach. We performed histol.gical.study of the gl.ndul.r stomach for the eval.ation of total. acidic, and sul.ated mucus ***： Subcutaneous administration of l.ptin, two PPI sl.nsoprazol. and omeprazol. or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo produced a dosedependent and reproducibl. inhibition of gastric ul.ers （GUs）. This inhibition was found to be more potent than other antagonists used. In N^G-nitro l.arginine methyl.ester （l.NAME）-pretreated animal., the ul.er prevention abil.ty of l.ptin in AE-induced ul.er was significantl. reduced,compared to rats without l.NAME pretreatment. However,the ul.er prevention abil.ty of l.ptin was not al.ered by l.NAME treatment in Indo-induced ul.ers. l.ptin produced a dose-dependent increase in PGE2 l.vel.in the gastric gl.ndul.r tissues. l.ptin al.o increased mucus ***： The resul.s of the present study show that l.ptin inhibits GU formation by AE or Indo in a dosedependent and reproducibl. manner in rats. The resul.s al.o suggest that l.ptin prevents ul.er formation by increasing the activities of the cycl.-oxygenase and/or nitric oxide pathways and by increasing mucus secretion.

关键词： Indomethacin Acidified ethanol Gastric ul.er Prostagl.ndin Ranitidine Omeprazol. l.nsoprazol. l.-nitro l.arginine methyl.ester Wistar rats

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Nutritional.status of four species of giant l.nd snail. in Nigeria

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Journal.of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnol.gy) 2006年第9期7卷 686-689页

作者： FAGBUARO O OSO J.A. edward J.B. OGUNl.YE R.F. Department of Zool.gy Facul.y of Science University of Ado-Ekiti PMB 5363 Ado Ekiti Nigeria

Four species of African giant l.nd snail. （Archachatina marginata （ovum ） Pfeiffer, Archachatina marginata （satural.s ） Phil.ppi, Achatina achatina and l.micol.ria spp.） were assessed for their proximate and mineral.compositions aimed at establ.shing their nutritive val.es on wet weight basis. Anal.sis of muscl. reveal.d that composition of crude protein varied from 18.66%±0.57% in l.micol.ria spp. and 20.56%±l..05% in Archachatina marginata （ovum） Pfeiffer; moisture content was 76.56%±0.04% in Archachatina marginata （ovum） Pfeiffer and 78.68%±0.68% in l.micol.ria spp. and ash was 1.34%±0.02% in Achatina achatina and 1.44%±0.01% in Archachatina marginata （ovum） Pfeiffer. These val.es were statistical.y different from each other （P〈0.05）. Carbohydrate and fat content were general.y l.w. Crude fibre was not detected in any of the species. The concentrations of zinc, iron, manganese, magnesium, cal.ium, phosphorus, sul.hur, potassium and sodium in the fl.sh of the snail. were determined. Val.es of iron, magnesium, cal.ium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium were consistentl. high whil. cobal., copper and l.ad were not detected. Snail. compl.ment the required trace and minor el.ments needed for proper growth and devel.pment in human being, so it is recommended for regul.r consumption.

关键词： Snail Nutrition Proximate Mineral.

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伦敦商学院和南加州大学马歇尔商学院面向股东还是面向利益相关者?

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董事会 2008年第6期 98-99页

作者： Jay A. Conger edward E. l.wl.r III Davi l. Finegol.

面向股东还是面向利益相关者？在日本的董事会会议上，不管是股东还是高管人员都被潜在地施加了压力，以便于他们关注利益相关人的利益而不是股东利益。当然，现在他们改革的压力也很大：而在美国的董事会会议上，20年的治理改革以及坚... 详细信息

面向股东还是面向利益相关者？在日本的董事会会议上，不管是股东还是高管人员都被潜在地施加了压力，以便于他们关注利益相关人的利益而不是股东利益。当然，现在他们改革的压力也很大：而在美国的董事会会议上，20年的治理改革以及坚定的树立了“股东价值最大化”的概念，这就增强了董事会相对于管理层的独立性，并更加密切的适合董事会和公司业主的利益。

关键词：伦敦商学院南加州大学马歇尔利益相关者股东价值最大化股东利益利益相关人董事会

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